GSM TOWARDS LTE
NETWORKS UPDATES
INTRODUCTION

2008--------------To date
(Regional Manager NSS)

2006------------------2007
(Assistant Manager)

2005------------------2006
(Field Support Engineer)
 1998------------------2004
(Internee / Senior Switch Engineer)
PAKISTAN CELLULAR INDUSTRY
Mobile Cellular
Policy - 2004
Deregulation
Policy – July ‘03
LL
3 Operators
LDI/WLL
13 Operators
AMPS
None
GSM – 2G
5 Operators
‘90
‘92
‘98
‘03
‘04
‘05
‘06
CELLULAR INDUSTRY EVOLUTION
Subscribers
 Broadband
 Network
Simplification
 New Services
 Efficiency
 Voice
Quality
 More Data
Services
 Portability
 Mobilink
required
 Capacity
 Telenor
 Data Service
 Ufone
 Coverage
 Mobility
Voice
Broadband
 Warid
 Zong
 Cost of
Ownership
MOBILE PHONE GENERATIONS
 Mobilink
 Telenor
 Ufone
 Warid
 Zong
PAKISTANMOBILE SUBSCRIBER STATISTICS
Network
Subscriber
Mobilink
33378161
Telenor
26667079
Ufone
20533787
Warid
17387801
Zong
10927693
Two Key technologies are evolving to meet the Wireless
Broadband Requirements
MOBILE
BROADBAND
Metro Area
Nomadic
GSM
GPRS
EDGE
UMTS
HSPA
LTE
3GPP
802.16e
(Mobile WIMAX)
Mobile Industry
802.16a/d
(Fixed NLOS)
Fixed Wireless Industry
Local Area
Fixed
Coverage/Mobility
Wide Area
Mobile
4G Air Interfaces
Dial Up
DSL Experience
Fibre Experience
Data Rates (kbps)
802.16
(Fixed LOS)
802.11n
(smart antennas)
802.11
Mesh extns.
802.11b/a/g
100,000 +
Higher Data Rate / Lower Cost per Bit
7
WIRELESS ACCESS EVOLUTION
Subscribers
 Broadband
 Network
Simplification
 New Services
 Efficiency
 Voice Quality
 Portability
Voice
 Coverage
 Capacity
 Mobility
 Data Service
Broadband
 More Data
Services
required
 Cost of
Ownership
SECRETS OF UPGRADES


Maximize

Utilizing Spectrum Efficiency FDMA/TDMA/CDMA/OFDMA

Power Efficiency----------------Battery
Minimize

Complexity------- System should be Simple

Cost--------- It should be minimize , as per customer needs
FREQUENCY SPECTRUM
10
GSM SERVICES OFFERED

Voice Services

Data Services (GPRS/MMS)

Short Code Services
GSM ARCHITECTURE OVERVIEW

Main components of GSM



The mobile station (MS)
BSS Base Station Subsystem (BTS+BSC)
MSS Mobile Station Subsystem (MSC/HLR, ..)
BTS
BSC
MSC
GSM VOICE
Only Voice Call
GSM PREPAID
SMSC
BSC
VMS
HLR
EIR
Voicemail
PrePaid
PSTN
Fixed Network
MSC
OMO
SMSC
SHORT CODE
HLR
BSC
VMS
EIR
Voicemail
PrePaid
MSC
IN
SMSC
INTERNET
MSC
PSTN
Fixed Network
PSTN PABX
International
BSC
GSM NETWORK OVERVIEW
MS
(Mobile Station)
MS
RF department
BTS
BSS (Base Station System)
RAN department
Transmission department
BSC
PSTN, ISDN...
MSC
NSS
Voicemail Server
SM-SC
VLR
HLR AuC
OMC
OMC
NMC
EIR
(Network Switching
Subsystem)
NSS department
OMM(Operations & Maintenance
GSM interfaces
Management)
X.25 links
TOWARDS LTE NETWORKS
WHAT IS 3G SERVICE
3G SERVICE PROVIDE

Higher bandwidth enables a range of new applications!!



For Consumer
Video streaming, TV broadcast
Video calls, video clips – news, music, sports
Enhanced gaming, chat, location services…
For Business




High speed teleworking / VPN access
Sales force automation
Video conferencing
Real-time financial information
3G APPLICATIONS
GSM VOICE & GPRS (DATA) CALL
ARCHITECTURE
Voice Calls Path
Data Calls Path
Packet Data14.4 Kp/s
2G TOWARDS 3G NETWORK
IP networks
Only
PS Domain
shown
Gi
HLR
PCRF
Gr
Gn
Gx
Gn
GGSN
SGSN
Gb
Iu
•Policy Control and Charging Rules Function (PCRF) - to
manage Quality of Service (QoS) aspects
BSC
RNC
BTS
Node B
2G
3G
Iur
HSPA (Higher Speed Packet
Access)
IP networks
Only
PS Domain
shown
Gi
HLR/HSS
PCRF
Gr
Gx
Gn
GGSN
SGSN
Gb
Iu CP
Iu UP
BSC
RNC
BTS
Node B
2G
Optimizing the
3G/HSPA payload
plane for Broadband
traffic
3G
Iur
10 Mb/s
LTE/SAE Architecture
LTE/SAE
Only
PS Domain
shown
The PDN and Serving GW may be
separate nodes in some scenarios
(S5 in-between)
HLR/HSS
IP networks
SGi
PCRF
Gr
S6a
S7
S4
SGSN
S3
MME
S11
PDN GW
Serving GW
S2a/b
S10
Gb
Iu CP
Iu UP
S1-MME
BSC
RNC
S1-U
Iur
eNodeB
BTS
2G
X2
Node B
3G
LTE
Non-3GPP access
A flat architecture for optimized performance and cost efficiency
GSM-3G-LTE NETWORKS
LTE ARCHITECTURE
PA/DU Core & IMS
IP networks
SGi
HLR/HSS
HLR/HSS
”HLR/HSS”
Gr
PCRF
PCRF
S6a
S7
EPC
S4
SGSN
SGSN
S3
MME
MME
S11
”Mobility Server”S10
Gb
Iu CP
PDN
GW
PDN GW
Serving GW
Serving
GW
”Gateway”
Iu UP
S1-MME
BSC
RNC
Iur
S1-U
RBS
eNodeBB
eNode
BTS
2G
S2a/b
PA/DU Radio
X2
Node B
3G
LTE
Non-3GPP access
OSS
28
UPDATES

Pakistan Telecommunication Authority (PTA)
has announced that auction for
license/spectrum regarding 3G /4G/LTE.

ZTE - Telenore
Lecture link
www.lte.yolasite.com
GSM Call Setup
32
AUC
HLR

MS
BTS
BSC
HLR
MSC
VLR
AUC

EIR

BSC





VMS
PrePaid
Node
EIR
MSC/VLR
Warid
SMSC



INTERNET
Telenore



PSTN
Mobilink
MSC
w
Mobile Station = phone + SIM card
Base Transceiver Station
Base Station Controller
Home Location Register
Mobile services Switching Centre
Visitor Location Register
Authentication Centre
Stand-alone or integrated in HLR
Equipment Identity Register
For blacklisting stolen and unwanted
equipment
Short Message Service ”Support”
SMSC
Centre
VMS
Voice Messaging System
PrePaid Node Hosting prepaid service system
IN
Intelligent Network services
PSTN Public Switched Telephone Network
PABX Private Automatic Branch Exchange
BSC
33
BSC
VMS
HLR
EIR
Voicemail
PrePaid
MSC
IN
SMSC
INTERNET
MSC
PSTN
Fixed Network
BSC
PSTN PABX
International
34
BSC
VMS
HLR
EIR
Voicemail
PrePaid
MSC
IN
SMSC
INTERNET
MSC
PSTN
Fixed Network
BSC
PSTN PABX
International
35
BSC
VMS
HLR
EIR
Voicemail
PrePaid
MSC
IN
SMSC
INTERNET
MSC
PSTN
Fixed Network
BSC
PSTN PABX
International
36
BSC
VMS
HLR
EIR
Voicemail
PrePaid
MSC
IN
SMSC
INTERNET
MSC
PSTN
Fixed Network
BSC
PSTN PABX
International
37
BSC
Base Station Controller


The call request reaches the BSC from the BTS and
is forwarded to MSC.
After call is established, the BSC will perform
decoding of the call (in typical config.)
38
BSC
VMS
HLR
EIR
Voicemail
PrePaid
MSC
IN
SMSC
INTERNET
MSC
PSTN
Fixed Network
BSC
PSTN PABX
International
39
BSC
VMS
HLR
EIR
Voicemail
PrePaid
MSC
IN
SMSC
INTERNET
MSC
PSTN
Fixed Network
BSC
PSTN PABX
International
40
BSC
VMS
HLR
EIR
Voicemail
PrePaid
MSC
IN
SMSC
INTERNET
MSC
PSTN
Fixed Network
BSC
PSTN PABX
International
41



Checks A number.
To whom is A subscriber calling?
(Checks B number)
Example : A subscriber has prepaid
number.
MSC
Mobile Switching Centre
42
BSC
VMS
HLR
EIR
Voicemail
PrePaid
MSC
IN
SMSC
INTERNET
MSC
PSTN
Fixed Network
BSC
PSTN PABX
International
43
BSC
VMS
HLR
EIR
Voicemail
PrePaid
MSC
IN
SMSC
INTERNET
MSC
PSTN
Fixed Network
BSC
PSTN PABX
International
44
BSC
VMS
HLR
EIR
Voicemail
PrePaid
MSC
IN
SMSC
INTERNET
MSC
PSTN
Fixed Network
BSC
PSTN PABX
International
45


Does the A subscriber have
money left on his/her account?
When the call is established and
on-going the subscriber’s
account is decremented
accordingly.
PrePaid Node
46
HLR
BSC
VMS
EIR
Voicemail
PrePaid
MSC
IN
SMSC
INTERNET
MSC
PSTN
Fixed Network
BSC
PSTN PABX
International
47
HLR
BSC
VMS
EIR
Voicemail
PrePaid
MSC
IN
SMSC
INTERNET
MSC
PSTN
Fixed Network
BSC
PSTN PABX
International
48
HLR
BSC
VMS
EIR
Voicemail
PrePaid
MSC
IN
SMSC
INTERNET
MSC
PSTN
Fixed Network
BSC
PSTN PABX
International
49


Where is the B subscriber?
MSC interrogates in HLR.
(HLR = Home Location Register)
MSC
Mobile Switching Centre
50
HLR
BSC
VMS
EIR
Voicemail
PrePaid
MSC
IN
SMSC
INTERNET
MSC
PSTN
Fixed Network
BSC
PSTN PABX
International
51
HLR
BSC
VMS
EIR
Voicemail
PrePaid
MSC
IN
SMSC
INTERNET
MSC
PSTN
Fixed Network
BSC
PSTN PABX
International
52
HLR
BSC
VMS
EIR
Voicemail
PrePaid
MSC
IN
SMSC
INTERNET
MSC
PSTN
Fixed Network
BSC
PSTN PABX
International
53


HLR says ’I am the home of the B
subscriber and I know where he/she is
right now’ (i.e. which VLR)
Tells this VLR ’Give me a visitor address
for this subscriber’ (Roaming Number)
HLR
Home Location Register
54
HLR
BSC
VMS
EIR
Voicemail
PrePaid
MSC
IN
SMSC
INTERNET
MSC
PSTN
Fixed Network
BSC
PSTN PABX
International
55
HLR
BSC
VMS
EIR
Voicemail
PrePaid
MSC
IN
SMSC
INTERNET
MSC
PSTN
Fixed Network
BSC
PSTN PABX
International
56
HLR
BSC
VMS
EIR
Voicemail
PrePaid
MSC
IN
SMSC
INTERNET
MSC
PSTN
Fixed Network
BSC
PSTN PABX
International
57
HLR
BSC
VMS
EIR
Voicemail
PrePaid
MSC
IN
SMSC
INTERNET
MSC
PSTN
Fixed Network
BSC
PSTN PABX
International
58
HLR
BSC
VMS
EIR
Voicemail
PrePaid
MSC
IN
SMSC
INTERNET
MSC
PSTN
Fixed Network
BSC
PSTN PABX
International
59

Hosting MSC/VLR returns TEMPORARILY
assigned visitor/roaming address for Bsubscriber to HLR.
MSC
Mobile Switching Centre
60
HLR
BSC
VMS
EIR
Voicemail
PrePaid
MSC
IN
SMSC
INTERNET
MSC
PSTN
Fixed Network
BSC
PSTN PABX
International
61
HLR
BSC
VMS
EIR
Voicemail
PrePaid
MSC
IN
SMSC
INTERNET
MSC
PSTN
Fixed Network
BSC
PSTN PABX
International
62
HLR
BSC
VMS
EIR
Voicemail
PrePaid
MSC
IN
SMSC
INTERNET
MSC
PSTN
Fixed Network
BSC
PSTN PABX
International
63
HLR
BSC
VMS
EIR
Voicemail
PrePaid
MSC
IN
SMSC
INTERNET
MSC
PSTN
Fixed Network
BSC
PSTN PABX
International
64
HLR
BSC
VMS
EIR
Voicemail
PrePaid
MSC
IN
SMSC
INTERNET
MSC
PSTN
Fixed Network
BSC
PSTN PABX
International
65


’Thanks for the visitor address!’
’I will send this address to the MSC
that requested for it.’
HLR
Home Location Register
66
HLR
BSC
VMS
EIR
Voicemail
PrePaid
MSC
IN
SMSC
INTERNET
MSC
PSTN
Fixed Network
BSC
PSTN PABX
International
67
HLR
BSC
VMS
EIR
Voicemail
PrePaid
MSC
IN
SMSC
INTERNET
MSC
PSTN
Fixed Network
BSC
PSTN PABX
International
68
HLR
BSC
VMS
EIR
Voicemail
PrePaid
MSC
IN
SMSC
INTERNET
MSC
PSTN
Fixed Network
BSC
PSTN PABX
International
69


’Thank you, HLR!’
Speech connection path will set up
now towards the MSC/VLR where the
B subscriber is presently located.
MSC
Mobile Switching Centre
70
HLR
BSC
VMS
EIR
Voicemail
PrePaid
MSC
IN
SMSC
INTERNET
MSC
PSTN
Fixed Network
BSC
PSTN PABX
International
71
HLR
BSC
VMS
EIR
Voicemail
PrePaid
MSC
IN
SMSC
INTERNET
MSC
PSTN
Fixed Network
BSC
PSTN PABX
International
72
HLR
BSC
VMS
EIR
Voicemail
PrePaid
MSC
IN
SMSC
INTERNET
MSC
PSTN
Fixed Network
BSC
PSTN PABX
International
73


Sets up a speech connection towards BSC.
Delivers B-subscriber ID to BSC and asks
to page for the subscriber using that ID.
MSC
Mobile Switching Centre
74
HLR
BSC
VMS
EIR
Voicemail
PrePaid
MSC
IN
SMSC
INTERNET
MSC
PSTN
Fixed Network
BSC
PSTN PABX
International
75
HLR
BSC
VMS
EIR
Voicemail
PrePaid
MSC
IN
SMSC
INTERNET
MSC
PSTN
Fixed Network
BSC
PSTN PABX
International
76
HLR
BSC
VMS
EIR
Voicemail
PrePaid
MSC
IN
SMSC
INTERNET
MSC
PSTN
Fixed Network
BSC
PSTN PABX
International
77




BSC now sends a PAGING MESSAGE to all the BTSs
that it covers/controls.
Carrys PAGING RESPONSE from called MS back to
MSC.
Allocates a RADIO channel through a BTS with best
available and allowable SIGNAL STRENGTH for
called MS.
Performs SPEECH CODING when call is established.
BSC
Base Station Controller
78
HLR
BSC
VMS
EIR
Voicemail
PrePaid
MSC
IN
SMSC
INTERNET
MSC
PSTN
Fixed Network
BSC
PSTN PABX
International
79
GSM TOWARD LTE COURSE
OUTLINE
TOPICS

Module-1






Module-2





Introduction of Communication and Wireless Concepts
History of Communication
Telecommunication Basics
Frequency, Range of Wireless Frequency
Channel Concept
Multiple Access Concepts and its types
Cellular Generation Wireless Concepts
1st Generation of Cellular Communication (AMPS, TACS)
2nd Generation of TDMA , GSM
3rd Generation WCDMA
4th Generation LTE
Module-3 GSM Architecture




MS
BSS
NSS
Interfaces, Protocols
TOPICS

Module-4
GSM Channel Concepts



Module-5
Cell Planning Concepts



Module-6
Cell Planning Basic
Cell Planning Tools , TEMPS
NSS/BSS Hardware and Software





GSM Channels
Physical and Logical Channels
Module-7
MSC
HLR
STP
BSC
DATA Calls




HSCSD
GPRS
Data Call Path,
SGSN and GGSN Hardware
TOPICS

Module-8
Call paths





Module-9
Mobile Packet Backbone Network





Postpaid to Paid calls
Postpaid to Prepaid calls
Operator to Operator Calls
Mobile to PTCL calls
Module-10
OSI layer
IP Fundamentals
IP Routing , Protocols
MPLS Requirement in Telecom
GSM Evolution Path



GSM Towards LTE
LTE Architecture
S-GWS, MME, eNode
THANK YOU