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AP Psychology – V. States of Consciousness
Unit 3: Chapter 5
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Date:
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NOTE TO STUDENTS: Study! P.S. This is also very interesting. Please make sure that you
answer these to the absolute best of your ability.
V.
States of Consciousness, 2–4%
A. Sleep and Dreaming
B. Hypnosis
C. Psychoactive Drug Effects
V. States of Consciousness (2–4%)
Understanding consciousness and what it encompasses is critical to an appreciation of what is
meant by a given state of consciousness. The study of variations in consciousness includes an
examination of the sleep cycle, dreams, hypnosis, and the effects of psychoactive drugs.
AP students in psychology should be able to do the following:
Describe various states of consciousness and their impact on behavior.
steam of consciousness
consciousness
awareness
metacognition
arousal
global brain
anterior cingulated
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Define and explain the following associated with levels of awareness:
controlled processes
higher-level consciousness
lower-level consciousness
altered states of consciousness
subconscious awareness
no awareness
automatic processes
daydreaming
incubation
unconscious
unconscious thought
nonconscious
Sleep and Dreams
sleep
biological rhythms
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circadian rhythms
suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN)
desynchronized
synchronization
biological clock
chronic sleep deprivation
electroencephalograph (EEG)
wakefulness stages
beta waves
desynchronous
synchronous
alpha waves
Discuss aspects of sleep and dreaming:
stages and characteristics of the sleep cycle
stage 1
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stage 2
stage 3
stage 4
stage 5
myoclonic jerks
theta waves
sleep spindles
REM (rapid eye movement) sleep
non-REM sleep
theories of sleep and dreaming
symptoms and treatments of sleep disorders
Dreams
manifest content
latent content
cognitive theory of dreaming
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activation-synthesis theory
external stimuli
internally generated stimuli
Explain sleep through the life span.
Explain the following sleep disorders.
insomnia
somnambulism
somniloquy
nightmare
night terror
narcolepsy
sleep apnea
CPAP (continuous positive airway pressure)
sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)
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Describe historic and contemporary uses of hypnosis
pain control
psychotherapy
Explain hypnotic phenomena
suggestibility
dissociation
4 steps of hypnosis
hypnotizability
divided consciousness view of hypnosis
social cognitive behavior view of hypnosis
Identify the major psychoactive drug categories and classify specific drugs, including their
psychological and physiological effects.
psychoactive drugs
tolerance
physical dependence
psychological dependence
addiction
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ventral tegmental area (VTA)
nucleus accumbens (NAc)
depressants
alcohol
alcoholism
barbiturates
tranquilizers
narcotics or opiates
stimulants
caffeine
nicotine
ampehtamines
crystal meth
cocaine
crack
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MDMA (ecstasy)
hallucinogens
marijuana
LSD (lysergic acid diethylamide)
Discuss drug dependence, addiction, tolerance, and withdrawal.
dependence
addiction
tolerance
withdrawal
Identify the major figures in consciousness research
William James
Sigmund Freud
Ernest Hilgard
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Meditation
meditation
mindfulness meditation
hypnagogic reverie