AVOIDING PLAGIARISM
11th Grade
Joanne F. Christensen
Adapted from power points by
Marianne F. Bates & Joyce Valenza
What is plagiarism?
Representing someone else’s
ideas or words as your own.
Plagiarism is:




Copying
Stealing
Cheating
Dishonest
You must do your own work AND you must
give credit when you use the work of others.
Types of Plagiarism
 Direct-copying something word for word.
 Self plagiarism-handing in a paper you
wrote for another class (without the
teacher’s permission).
Types of Plagiarism
 Accidental or unintentional – not citing your
sources correctly.
 Collusion- Allowing someone else to copy
your work or writing something for someone
else.
Intentional Plagiarism
 Copying a friend’s work
 Buying or borrowing papers
 Cutting and pasting blocks of text from
electronic sources without documenting
 Media “borrowing” without documentation
 Web publishing without permissions of
creators
Unintentional Plagiarism
 Careless paraphrasing
 Poor documentation
 Quoting excessively
 Failure to use your own “voice”
Why Academic Integrity?
 When you copy you cheat yourself. You limit your
own learning.
 The consequences are not worth the risks!
 It is only right to give credit to authors whose ideas
you use
Is your academic
reputation valuable
to you?
Why Academic Integrity?
 Citing gives authority to the information you
present
 Citing makes it possible for your readers to locate
your source
 Education is not an “us vs. them” game! It’s about
learning to learn!
 Cheating is unethical behavior
Example
yesatyale.org
 The average punishment for students found
guilty of cheating at Yale is a two-semester
suspension
 The average punishment is the same at
Harvard, where the plagiarism policy is outlined
in a one-hour lecture during freshman
orientation.
--Christian Science Monitor, 11 May 2006
www.pycomall.com
Did Plagiarism Change U.S.
History?
 Planned to run for the 1988 presidency
 Accused of plagiarism in 1987
 “Not only borrowed the words of another
politician, Neil Kinnock . . . He borrowed his lifestory, too.” (The Economist, 2008)
 In September, 2008, he dropped
out because of the plagiarism
report.
flickr.com
Three Keys to Avoid Plagiarism
 Summarize
 Paraphrasing
 Direct Quotations
What is this?
http://www.worldbookonline.com
Information About the Grand Canyon
“The Grand Canyon is one of the most spectacular canyons in the world. It cuts
through northwestern Arizona in Grand Canyon National Park The Grand Canyon
extends 277 miles. It is about 1 mile deep. The canyon varies in width from less
than 1 mile to 18 miles. . .
The Colorado River flows through the canyon. The river formed the canyon over
millions of years by cutting through layers of limestone, sandstone, shale, and other
rocks. The rock layers vary in shade and color, and the tones seem to change
during the day. Some rocks in the deepest part of the Grand Canyon date back 2
billion years. The Colorado River began to form the Grand Canyon about 6 million
years ago.”
--World Book Encyclopedia
http://www.nps.gov/
grca/
“Nature's greatest example of sculpture, the Grand Canyon in northern
Arizona is the most spectacular canyon in the world. It is a gorge cut
through high plateaus by the Colorado River. It is noted for its fantastic
shapes and colors. Within the walls of the canyon stand imposing
peaks, canyons, and ravines. In general, the color of the canyon is red,
but each stratum (a layer of the Earth) or group of strata has a
distinctive hue-buff and gray, delicate green and pink, and, in its
depths, brown, slate-gray, and violet.”
--Encyclopedia Britannica
Finding Keywords
canyon
Arizona
gorge
plateau
stratum
rock layers
Colorado River
cutting
color, shade, tone
www.hikingtripreports.com
Using Keywords To
Summarize
 Use your own words
 Use common information from one or
multiple sources
 Shorten
 Write main ideas
Ready, Set, Write!
Now, using your
keywords, write a few
sentences
summarizing what you
have learned about the
Grand Canyon. Make
it sound like you—not
like an encyclopedia or
a book. Underline
your key words.
mesa-travel.com
Summarize
“The Grand Canyon is one of the most spectacular canyons in the world. It cuts through
northwestern Arizona in Grand Canyon National Park The Grand Canyon extends 277
miles. It is about 1 mile deep. The canyon varies in width from less than 1 mile to 18
miles. . .
The Colorado River flows through the canyon. The river formed the canyon over millions
of years by cutting through layers of limestone, sandstone, shale, and other rocks. The
rock layers vary in shade and color, and the tones seem to change during the day. Some
rocks in the deepest part of the Grand Canyon date back 2 billion years. The Colorado
River began to form the Grand Canyon about 6 million years ago.” --World Book
Encyclopedia
“Nature's greatest example of sculpture, the Grand Canyon in northern Arizona is the most
spectacular canyon in the world. It is a gorge cut through high plateaus by the Colorado
River. It is noted for its fantastic shapes and colors. Within the walls of the canyon stand
imposing peaks, canyons, and ravines. In general, the color of the canyon is red, but each
stratum (a layer of the Earth) or group of strata has a distinctive hue-buff and gray, delicate
green and pink, and, in its depths, brown, slate-gray, and violet.” --Encyclopedia Britannica
http://www.aegweb.org
What can we find out about this
topic?
www.bized.co.uk
Information about Soft Drinks
[A] “Soft drink is a flavored, nonalcoholic beverage prepared with carbonated
water.. . . On the average, people in the United States drink about 56 gallons
(201 liters) of soft drinks per person annually. . .
Many soft drinks, especially colas, had their start in the late 1800s in the
southern United States. Drugstore soda fountains originally sold many of the
beverages as tonics. Individual druggists mixed their own special tonics as
syrups. It later became popular to add soda water—that is, carbonated water—
to these syrups before drinking them. Many restaurants still dispense soft
drinks in much the same way, using equipment that mixes the soft drink syrup
with carbonated water at the time the beverage is sold. Soon, the druggists
discovered that there was a market for soft drinks in bottles, and they began to
sell the beverages door-to-door and in grocery stores.”
--World Book Encyclopedia
www.theage.com.au
Secrets of Paraphrasing
 One source
 Use your own words
 Use synonyms of key words
 Use different sentence structure and phrases than
the source uses
 Use paraphrasing to avoid quoting, same content
Sweet Keywords…….
carbonated water
called
non-alcoholic
average
annually
1800s
mixed
tonics
syrup
soda water
market
Ready, Set, Write!
wikimedia.org
Now write a few
sentences
paraphrasing the
information you have.
If you paraphrase
correctly, it will sound
like you—not like an
encyclopedia.
Underline YOUR key
words.
Information About Soft Drinks
[A]“Soft drink is a flavored, non-alcoholic beverage prepared with carbonated
water.. . . On the average, people in the United States drink about 56 gallons
(201 liters) of soft drinks per person annually. . .
Many soft drinks, especially colas, had their start in the late 1800s in the
southern United States. Drugstore soda fountains originally sold many of the
beverages as tonics. Individual druggists mixed their own special tonics as
syrups. It later became popular to add soda water—that is, carbonated water—
to these syrups before drinking them. Many restaurants still dispense soft
drinks in much the same way, using equipment that mixes the soft drink syrup
with carbonated water at the time the beverage is sold. Soon, the druggists
discovered that there was a market for soft drinks in bottles, and they began to
sell the beverages door-to-door and in grocery stores.”
--World Book Encyclopedia
www.instant-ramen.net
Who is he?
Photo Credit: Bob Henderson
Henderson Photography, Inc.
Quotes from Orson Scott Card
 The future is a hundred thousand threads, but the
past is a fabric that can never be rewoven.”
 “Good people do not let others suffer needlessly.”
 “The wise are not wise because they make no
mistakes. They are wise because they correct
their mistakes as soon as they recognize them.”
 “Know, think, choose, do.”
 "Isn't that what it means to be civilized? That you
can wait to get what you want?"
--Quotations by author Orson Scott Card
luminousnerd.com
Why Quote?
 Use a quote to let the author’s words
support what you are saying.
 Use quotes that are powerful and wellwritten to emphasize your point.
**Remember you must put quotation marks
around what you quote.
“………………..……..”
Ready, Set, Write!
Write a few
autobiographical
sentences about
yourself. Use a quote
by Orson Scott Card to
emphasize a point in
your writing.
www.worldswithoutend.com
Emery
Quotes from Orson Scott Card
 The future is a hundred thousand threads, but the
past is a fabric that can never be rewoven.”
 “Good people do not let others suffer needlessly.”
 “The wise are not wise because they make no
mistakes. They are wise because they correct
their mistakes as soon as they recognize them.”
 “Know, think, choose, do.”
 "Isn't that what it means to be civilized? That you
can wait to get what you want?"
--Quotations by author Orson Scott Card
www.hatrack.com
http://www.aegweb.org/
www.jacketflap.com
http://shahriar08.files.wordpress.com
Your writing will be as
powerful as the
Grand Canyon, as
sweet as soft drinks,
and as creative as
Orson Scott Card if
you learn to
paraphrase,
summarize, and
quote correctly!
Some Other Tips to Help You Avoid
Plagiarism
 Only work in groups if your teacher says it is
all right.
 Recognize the work of others, if you work in
groups.
More Tips….
 Refrain from copying and pasting from the
internet or any electronic resource.
 Prevent others from copying your completed
assignments.
More Tips….
 Resubmit work you received credit for in
another class only if it is approved by the
teacher.
 When you run out of time, ask for an
extension instead of resorting to “cutting and
pasting.”
More Tips….
 If you have a question about plagiarism, ask
your teacher or a librarian.
Good luck with your research!
Works Cited
 Demirjian, Karoun. “What is the price of plagiarism?” Christian Science
Monitor. Accessed 9 May 2009.
http://www.csmonitor.com/2006/0511/p14s01-lire.html
 Good Reads. “Orson Scott Card Quotes. Accessed 4 Apr 2011
<http://www.goodreads.com/author/quotes/589.Orson_Scott_Card>
 “Grand Canyon.” Encyclopedia Britannica Online. SIRS Discoverer.
Accessed 25 May 2009.< http://discoverer.prod.sirs.com>
 “Grand Canyon.” World Book Encyclopedia Online. Pioneer Online.
Accessed 25 May 2009. <www.pioneer.uen.org>
 Hatrack River: The Official Site of Orson Scott Card. “Quote
Database.” Accessed 4 Apr 2010.
<http://www.hatrack.com/quotes/quotes.shtml>
Works Cited



"Joebama; Lexington.(What does Joe Biden bring to the Barack
Obama
ticket?)." The Economist (US). 388. 8595 (August 30, 2008): NA. Student
Resource Center - Gold. Gale. WEBER HIGH
SCHOOL. 4 Apr. 2011
< http://find.galegroup.com/srcx/infomark.do?&contentSet=IACDocuments&type=retrieve&tabID=T004&prodId=SRC1&docId=A184138724&source=gale&srcprod=SRCG&userGroup
Name=ogde62236&version=1.0 >.
Microsoft Office. “Images.” http://office.microsoft.com/en-us/images/imagesclip-art-photos-sounds-animations-FX102588427.aspx
Mieczkowski, Yanek. "Biden, Joe." World Book Student. World Book, 2011.
Web. 4 Apr. 2011. < www.pioneer.uen.org >