Laboratory 8
Hypertension and Congestive Heart Failure
Hypertension
Pre-lab lecture-hypertension and congestive heart failure pathology and diet
a) blood volume-heart rate (HR)-beats per minute
-stroke volume (SV) ml/beat
-cardiac output- ml/minute
b) total peripheral resistance (mm Hg)
c) cardiac output (L) x total peripheral resistance (mm Hg)/L = pressure (mm Hg)
Relation of each of a, b, and c above to:
-diet
-plasma triglycerides
-plasma cholesterol
-plasma HDL-cholesterol
-plasma LDL-cholesterol
-plasma LDL size(angstroms)
-plasma Lp(a)
-plasma VLDL-triglyceride
-plasma chylomicrons-triglyceride
-clearance-fractional clearance rate
-height
-weight
-BMI(kg/m2)
-waist circumference(cm)
-platelet reactivity
bleeding time
(minutes)
With clinically significant
hypertension
-blood pressure(mm Hg)
Without clinically significant
hypertension
180/95
120/80
6
5
-total peripheral resistance (mm Hg)
38
71
-cardiac output (L/min)
3.6
1.4
-heart rate
90
70
-stroke volume (ml/beat)
40
20
-diet-percentage of total calories consumed
fat
saturated fat
carbohydrates
protein
40
20
40
20
25
10
55
20
-plasma triglycerides
5.08
1.13
-plasma cholesterol
7.78
3.88
-plasma HDL-cholesterol
0.52
1.29
-plasma LDL-cholesterol
4.91
2.07
-plasma LDL size (angstroms)
250
270
14
10
-blood volume
(L)
-plasma Lp(a) (mg/dL)
(not statistically significant)
-plasma VLDL-triglycerides
0.92
0.55
-plasma chylomicrons-triglyceride
fractional clearance rate
0.061
0.141
-BMI(kg/m2)
-waist circumference (cm)
-platelet reactivity
bleeding time
(minutes)
not statistically significant
35
22
110
60
6.5
6.0
all lipid or lipoprotein-lipid levels are mmol/L plasma except where noted otherwise and
represent fasting values except where noted otherwise.
Why are diet, waist circumference, BMI, blood lipid and certain lipoprotein concentrations and
platelet reactivity of significance in human hypertension? What is their relation to blood volume,
total peripheral resistance, cardiac output, heart rate, and stroke volume?
Provide a 7 day diet that will contribute to both prevention of hypertension and post-onset
management of hypertension. Explain how the components of that diet help prevent and manage
hypertension.
Congestive Heart Failure
The hypertensive and non-hypertensive population above, are more and are not as likely
respectively, to go onto develop congestive heart failure. Why? What is the main similarity
between hypertension pathology and congestive heart failure? Those already with congestive
heart failure may also be hypertensive-why?
Provide a 7 day diet that will contribute to both prevention and post-onset manage congestive
heart failure. The web link below is a good hint:
http://www.cvtoolbox.com/downloads/diets/heart_failure_eating_plan_2010.pdf
Explain how the components of that diet help prevent and manage congestive heart failure.
Why would congestive heart failure and hypertension be managed similarly from a dietary
perspective?