Lutheranism
The start…



Lutheranism, a branch of Christianity, was
established by Martin Luther.
In response to corruption within the European
Church, Luther compiled a list of objections.
He posted his 95 theses at Wittenberg Church
on October 31st, 1517 only to make
corrections, but sparked a movement that
would later be known as the Reformation.
Results
 Since
the Church was unwilling to change
it’s position, Luther broke away.
 He was excommunicated at the Diet of
Worms on May 26, 1521.
 These are the founding
dates of Lutheranism.
Lutheranism spreads
 Starting
in Germany, Luther’s theology
spread to the of countries Norway,
Sweden, Denmark, and throughout the
Baltic by the 1650’s.
 Unlike
the Church, Luther’s idea of salvation did not
originate in good works only.
 Instead, it was based on faith alone. No one could
attain redemption by trying to please God. His gift
of salvation was freely given to all who believe.
 Along with this, those truly filled with faith would
complete good works. As it says in James 2:26,
“…faith apart from works is dead.”
Theology: Salvation
 Only
Baptism(infants and adults) and the Eucharist
(Communion) are Biblical; Penance(confessing sins)
is practiced before the Eucharist in mass, and
confessions are made before one's first Eucharist,
but most sects of Lutheranism do not consider
Penance to be a sacrament.
Theology: Sacraments
 Lutheran
church services contain various practices
including prayer, the singing of hymns, scripture
reading, the sermon, communion, benedictions,
and blessings.
Services
laity is called
to live a
life of faith
as well as
Roles:
Clergy
and
Laity
 The
good works. They are to embrace the gifts God has
given them and use these for His work. The laity is
also encouraged to attend regular church services,
spend time in the Word and in prayer.
 The clergy are trained to lead services and perform
the sacraments. They also watch over the spiritual
well-being and growth of their congregation.
Lutheranism
is practiced a majority of the
World
Impact
 Today,
continents.
 At that time, it sparked a want for national and
political freedom as well as religious (Peasant
revolt).
 It’s founding led to religious reforms and laws made
by rulers and theologians.
 Caused the Reformation which would lead to
religious wars and the Counter-Reformation of the
Catholic church.
Philip’s Issue
with the
Netherlands
The Reasons he wanted to
Keep it
 The
areas within the Spanish Netherlands
was considered the most wealthy of all
the sections of Spanish territory.
Reasons the Netherlands
Wanted to Separate
 Some
of the leaders of the Estates
General saw Philip as damaging to the
country
 The spread of Calvinism led them to be
wary of Philip
 Philip was too concerned with other things
to really pay attention to discontent in the
Netherlands
Reasons the Netherlands
Wanted to Separate (cont.)
 Philip
said, “I would rather lost the Low
Countries than reign over them if they
ceased to be catholic,” which angered
them
 They did not want to be a part of the wars
Spain was in
Problems that Arose
 The
growth of Calvinism hit the poorer
districts and quickly spread into the entire
Netherlands. Lesser nobles also joined
into the growing new religion. Philip was of
course a strict Catholic which set up the
struggles that ensued.
 Philip believed if he crushed Calvinism it
would give him more power within the
Netherlands
Cons and Pros
 Pros
– Spain was able to Gain some
money for a time from the rich districts
 Cons- the ensuing religious battle and
establishing of Netherlands as a sovereign
country put Spain on a downward spiral
that left it in a shamble of its former self.
Effects
 Spain
lost its position as big power, and
was no longer considered a worthy ally by
the other powers
 Calvinists split into two factions in
Netherlands
 Spain was left poor