Chemistry Common Core Curriculum Map 2012-2013 Common Core Unit Name: Atomic Theory Unit Number: 1 Enduring Understanding: 1.1 – The properties of atoms and ions depend on the number and location of their protons, neutrons, and electrons, and the changes that these subatomic particles undergo. Standard 1.1.1 1.1.2 Analyze the structure of atoms, isotopes, and ions. Analyze an atom in terms of the location of electrons. Essential Questions What are the relative charges and masses of protons, neutrons, and electrons? What do the numbers on the periodic table mean, and how do they relate to the number of subatomic particles in an isotope? How do you calculate the average atomic mass of an element? How is the Bohr model of the hydrogen atom related to the emission spectrum of hydrogen? (overlap with 1.1.3) How are the electron configurations of atoms related to the Bohr and electron cloud models of the atom? Pacing Guideline Key Academic Vocabulary ~2 days Atom Atomic Theory Isotope Cathode Ray Tube Oil-Drop Experiment Gold Foil Experiment Beryllium-Wax Experiment Nucleus Proton Neutron Electron Atomic Number Mass Number Nuclear Symbol Hyphen Notation Atomic Mass Unit Relative Atomic Mass Average Atomic Mass ~3 days Electromagnetic Spectrum Line Spectrum Emission Spectrum Continuous Spectrum Bohr Model Electron Cloud Model 1 Chemistry Common Core Curriculum Map 2012-2013 1.1.3 1.3.2 Explain the emission of electromagnetic radiation in spectral form in terms of the Bohr model. Infer the atomic size, reactivity, electronegativity, and ionization energy of an element from its position on the Periodic Table. What happens when electrons in an atom gain energy and release energy? What is the relationship between frequency, wavelength, and energy for a photon of electromagnetic radiation? How is the Bohr model of the hydrogen atom related to the emission spectrum of hydrogen? (overlap with 1.1.2) Are electrons particles or waves? How do you illustrate electron configurations of elements? How is oxidation number related to the number of valence electrons? ~2 days Wave-Particle Theory Quanta Excited State Ground State Quantum Theory Photon Wavelength Frequency Energy Planck’s Constant Orbits Orbitals ~2 days Quantum Numbers (Principal, Orbital, Magnetic, Spin) Shell Subshell/Sublevel Electron Configuration Aufbau Principle Hund’s Rule Pauli Exclusion Principle Orbital Notation Electron Configuration Notation Shorthand Electron Configuration Notation Electron (Lewis) Dot Notation Oxidation Number Oxidation Reduction 2 Chemistry Common Core Curriculum Map 2012-2013 Suggested Resources by Unit Atomic Theory Notes Thomson’s CRT Experiments Animation Millikan’s Oil Drop Experiment Animation Millikan’s Oil Drop Experiment Animation Rutherford’s Gold Foil Experiment Animation Rutherford’s Gold Foil Experiment Animation Isotopes and Average Atomic Mass Practice Worksheet Isotopes and Atomic Mass Simulation Penny Isotope Lab Penny Isotope Lab (Advanced) Electron Cloud Simulation Activity Observing Spectral Lines Flame Test For Different Metals Animation Chem Alive! Field Trips CD – The Chemistry of Fireworks Flame Test Lab Website that summarizes development of atomic theory, including animations Website with animation explaining electron configurations Electron Configuration Practice Worksheet Atomic Theory Review Location of these resources http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072512644/student_view0/chapter2/animations_center.html# http://cwx.prenhall.com/petrucci/medialib/media_portfolio/text_images/004_MILLIKANOIL.MOV http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072512644/student_view0/chapter2/animations_center.html# http://cwx.prenhall.com/petrucci/medialib/media_portfolio/text_images/006_RUTHERFORD.MOV http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072512644/student_view0/chapter2/animations_center.html# http://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/isotopes-and-atomic-mass (Demonstration using gas discharge tubes and spectrophotometers) http://cwx.prenhall.com/petrucci/medialib/media_portfolio/text_images/039_FlameTestsMet.MOV Chem Alive! Field Trips CD http://www.broadeducation.com/htmlDemos/AbsorbChem/HistoryAtom/page.htm http://cwx.prenhall.com/petrucci/medialib/media_portfolio/text_images/043_ElectronConfig.MOV 3 Chemistry Common Core Curriculum Map 2012-2013 Common Core Unit Name: The Atomic Nucleus & Radioactivity Unit Number: 2 Enduring Understanding: 1.1 – Radioactive isotopes have unstable nuclei that undergo predictable nuclear decay processes. Standard 1.1.4 Explain the process of radioactive decay using nuclear equations and half-life. Essential Questions What are the differences between alpha, beta, and gamma radiation? What is nuclear decay, and how can it be described using equations? What is the half-life of a radioisotope? What are the differences between nuclear fission and fusion? Suggested Resources by Unit The Atomic Nucleus & Radioactivity Notes Rutherford’s Experiment Animation Cloud Chamber Lab Chem Alive! Field Trips CD - Fusion and Fission Nuclear Fission Simulation Atomic Nucleus and Radioactivity Practice Worksheet Atomic Nucleus and Radioactivity Review Pacing Guideline ~3 days Key Academic Vocabulary Radiation Nuclear decay Alpha radiation Beta radiation Gamma radiation Decay equations Half-life Fission Fusion Location of these resources http://cwx.prenhall.com/petrucci/medialib/media_portfolio/text_images/005_SEPARATION.MOV http://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/nuclear-fission 4 Chemistry Common Core Curriculum Map 2012-2013 Common Core Unit Name: Periodicity Unit Number: 3 Enduring Understanding: 1.3 – The physical and chemical properties of an element can be predicted based upon their location on the Periodic Table. Standard 1.3.1 1.3.2 Classify the components of a periodic table (period, group, metal, metalloid, nonmetal, transition). Infer the physical properties (atomic radius, metallic and nonmetallic characteristics) of an element based on its position on the Periodic Table. Essential Questions Why are elements placed in a particular period or group on the periodic table? Which elements on the periodic table are: metals, nonmetals, metalloids, representative (main group) elements, transition elements, alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, halogens, and noble gases? How do you explain the trend for increasing radius of atoms (or ions) on the periodic table? How do you account for the metallic character of elements classified as metals, and what is the trend for metallic character among elements on the periodic table? How do you explain the trend for ionization energy of elements on the periodic table? How do you explain the trend for electronegativity of elements on the periodic table? Pacing Guideline Key Academic Vocabulary ~1 day Periodic Table Period Group/Family Metal Metalloid Nonmetal Transition metal/element ~2 days Atomic Radius Valence Electrons Ionic Radius Ion Cation Anion Ionization Energy Electronegativity Octet Electron Affinity 5 Chemistry Common Core Curriculum Map 2012-2013 Suggested Resources by Unit Periodicity Notes Sodium and Potassium Reactivity Movie Demonstration: Sodium in Water (with Phenolphthalein) Periodic Table Trends Animation Atomic Radius Trend Animation Ionization Energy Trend Animation Ionization Energy Trend Animation Electronegativity Trend Animation Periodicity Problems Worksheet Halide Ion Lab Location of these resources http://cwx.prenhall.com/petrucci/medialib/media_portfolio/text_images/007_SODIUMANDPO.MOV http://cwx.prenhall.com/petrucci/medialib/media_portfolio/text_images/044_PeriodicProper.MOV http://cwx.prenhall.com/petrucci/medialib/media_portfolio/text_images/046_AtomicRadii.MOV http://cwx.prenhall.com/petrucci/medialib/media_portfolio/text_images/047_IonizationEner.MOV http://cwx.prenhall.com/petrucci/medialib/media_portfolio/text_images/048_PeriodicIoniza.MOV http://cwx.prenhall.com/petrucci/medialib/media_portfolio/text_images/052_Electronegativ.MOV 6 Chemistry Common Core Curriculum Map 2012-2013 Common Core Unit Name: Bonding Unit Number: 4 Enduring Understanding: 1.2 – Elements form different types of bonds and attractions based on the nature of elements and the electronegativity difference between the atoms. Standard 1.2.1 1.2.2 Compare (qualitatively) the relative strengths of ionic, covalent, and metallic bonds. Infer the type of bond and chemical formula formed between atoms. Essential Questions What constitutes a metallic bond? How are ions formed, and how are they related to the number of valence electrons in an atom? How are covalent bonds formed, and how do you draw the Lewis structure of a molecule? How can the electronegativity difference between two atoms (or their positions on the periodic table) be used to predict bond type? How can the Lewis structure of a molecule be used to predict its formula? Pacing Guideline Key Academic Vocabulary 3 days Covalent Bond Ionic Bond Metallic Bond Octet Cation Anion Formula Unit Molecule Diatomic Single Bond Double Bond Triple Bond Octet Rule Shared/Bonding Pair Unshared/Non-bonding Pair Lewis Structures Delocalized Electron Sea 1 day Non-Polar Covalent Bond Polar Covalent Bond Ionic Character Covalent Character 7 Chemistry Common Core Curriculum Map 2012-2013 1.2.3 1.2.5 Compare inter- and intra-particle forces. Compare the properties of ionic, covalent, metallic, and network compounds. What are the differences between the intermolecular forces? What are the relative strengths of the intermolecular forces compared to each other and to ionic, covalent and metallic bonds? How is bond length related to bond strength (bond enthalpy)? How do the different types of bonding determine the properties of ionic, covalent and metallic compounds? What is VSEPR Theory and how can it be used to predict the shapes of covalent molecules? What makes molecules polar or non-polar? What are the differences between macromolecules and network covalent solids? 1 day Bond Length Bond Enthalpy Intermolecular Forces Dipole-Dipole Forces Hydrogen Bonding van der Waals’ Forces London Dispersion Forces Instantaneous Dipole Induced Dipole Ion-Dipole Attractions 3 days Melting Point Boiling Point Brittle Volatility Electrical Conductivity Thermal Conductivity Malleability Ductility Luster Electrolytic Soluble Insoluble VSEPR Theory Electron Pair Geometry Molecular Geometry Bond Angle Linear Trigonal Planar Bent Trigonal Pyramidal Tetrahedral Bond Polarity Molecular Polarity Dipole Macromolecule Network Covalent Solid Polymers Allotropes 8 Chemistry Common Core Curriculum Map 2012-2013 Suggested Resources by Unit Bonding Notes Formation of NaCl Movie Bond Formation in Hydrogen Animation Bonding Practice Worksheet WS Properties of Ionic & Covalent Compounds Lab Properties of Ionic & Covalent Compounds Lab #2 VSEPR Geometries WS Marshmallow Molecules Activity Molecular Shapes Simulation Organic Macromolecule Construction Activity (can be adapted to simpler molecules) Molecular Polarity Simulation Demonstration – Balloon/Static Electricity/Polarity of Water Demonstration – Drops of Water on a Penny (H-bonding) Ink Chromatography Lab Plant Pigment Chromatography Lab TLC Plant Pigment Chromatography Lab Location of these resources http://cwx.prenhall.com/petrucci/medialib/media_portfolio/text_images/021_SODIUMCHLOR.MOV http://cwx.prenhall.com/petrucci/medialib/media_portfolio/text_images/038_H2BondForm.MOV http://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/molecule-shapes http://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/molecule-polarity 9 Chemistry Common Core Curriculum Map 2012-2013 Common Core Unit Name: Chemical Nomenclature, Equations & Reactions Unit Number: 5 Enduring Understanding: 1.2 – Compounds are named based upon the type of bond they form. 2.2 – Chemical species undergo characteristic chemical changes, but mass is conserved in their reactions. Standard 1.2.4 2.2.2 2.2.3 Interpret the name and formula of compounds using IUPAC convention. Analyze the evidence of chemical change. Analyze the law of conservation of matter and how it applies to various types of chemical equations (synthesis, decomposition, single replacement, double replacement, and combustion). Essential Questions How do you write the names and formulas of covalent compounds? How do you write the names and formulas of ionic compounds? What are the names and formulas of some common polyatomic ions and acids? What are some evidences that a chemical reaction has occurred? What tests can you do to determine if oxygen, hydrogen, carbon dioxide or water have been produced in a chemical reaction? How do you write and balance chemical equations? What are the five types of chemical reactions? How can the activity series be used to predict whether or not a single replacement reaction will occur? Pacing Guideline Key Academic Vocabulary 3 days Monatomic ions Polyatomic ions Nomenclature Cation Anion Binary compound Ternary compound Stock system Binary acid Oxyacid 1 day Precipitate Solubility rules Endothermic Exothermic Dilution Burning splint test Lime water test Cobalt(II) chloride test 3 days Reactants Products Balanced equation Synthesis Decomposition Single replacement 10 Chemistry Common Core Curriculum Map 2012-2013 How can the solubility rules be used to predict precipitates in a double replacement reaction? How do you write and balance ionic and net ionic equations for double replacement reactions? What is produced when hydrocarbons and other molecules containing C, H and O are combusted in oxygen? Suggested Resources by Unit Chemical Nomenclature, Equations & Reactions Notes Nomenclature Practice Worksheet Balancing Chemical Equations Simulation Synthesis of Aluminum Bromide Video Synthesis of Sodium Chloride Video Single Replacement of Copper By Silver Ions Video Demo – Synthesis Reaction: CaO + H2O Ca(OH)2 (in presence of phenolphthalein) Demo – Decomposition Reaction: H2O2 H2O + O2 (in presence of MnO2 catalyst) Demo – Single Replacement: Zn + HCl ZnCl2 + H2 Demo – Single Replacement: Cu + AgNO3 Cu(NO3)2 + Ag Demo – Double Replacement: Pb(NO3)2 + KI PbI2 + KNO3 Demo – Combustion of Propane or Butane (use CoCl2 paper to show water vapor is a product) Demo – Splint tests to identify H2, O2, CO2 (use reactions above to generate H2, O2; CO2 from dry ice) Demo – Lime water test (using CO2 from dry ice) Balancing Equations & Reaction Types Practice Worksheet Balancing Equations Worksheet – Extra Practice Nomenclature, Equations, & Reactions Review Worksheet Double replacement Combustion Activity series Solubility rules Acid-base neutralization reaction Ionic equation Net ionic equation Dissociation Spectator ions Hydrocarbons Location of these resources http://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/balancing-chemical-equations http://cwx.prenhall.com/petrucci/medialib/media_portfolio/text_images/012_FORMALUMBRO.MOV http://cwx.prenhall.com/petrucci/medialib/media_portfolio/text_images/021_SODIUMCHLOR.MOV http://cwx.prenhall.com/petrucci/medialib/media_portfolio/text_images/024_SILVERCRYSTA.MOV 11 Chemistry Common Core Curriculum Map 2012-2013 Common Core Unit Name: Stoichiometry Unit Number: 6 Enduring Understanding: 2.2 – The composition of chemical species and the reactions they undergo can be described quantitatively. Standard 2.2.4 2.2.5 Analyze the stoichiometric relationships inherent in a chemical reaction. Analyze quantitatively the composition of a substance (empirical formula, molecular formula, percent composition, and hydrates). Essential Questions What are mole ratios and how are the related to the coefficients in a balanced equation? Given a balanced equation and the quantity of one substance in a chemical reaction, how do you determine the quantity of another substance in the reaction? How do you calculate the empirical and molecular formula of a compound? How do you determine the percentage composition by mass of a compound? What is a hydrate? Pacing Guideline Key Academic Vocabulary 8 days Stoichiometry Mole Avogadro’s number Molar mass Atoms Molecules Formula units Mole ratio STP SATP Avogadro’s law Standard molar volume Limiting reactant Percent yield Actual yield Theoretical yield 3 days Empirical formula Molecular formula Percentage composition by mass Hydrate 12 Chemistry Common Core Curriculum Map 2012-2013 Suggested Resources by Unit Location of these resources Stoichiometry Notes Stoichiometry Worksheet Packet The Mole Lab Percent Composition of Hydrates Lab Empirical Formula Lab (EF of Zinc Chloride) Limiting Reagent Lab (Vinegar & Baking Soda) Limiting Reactant / % Yield Lab Empirical Formula of a Hydrate Simulation Reaction Stoichiometry Simulation http://group.chem.iastate.edu/Greenbowe/sections/projectfolder/flashfiles/working/empirical.swf http://group.chem.iastate.edu/Greenbowe/sections/projectfolder/flashfiles/stoichiometry/stoic_excess_oxy.swf 13 Chemistry Common Core Curriculum Map 2012-2013 Common Core Unit Name: Gases Unit Number: 7 Enduring Understanding: 2.1 – Ideal gases behave in predictable ways, and the relationships among pressure, volume, temperature, and quantity of these gases can be described qualitatively and quantitatively. Standard 2.1.5 Explain the relationships among pressure, temperature, volume, and quantity of gas, both qualitative and quantitative. Essential Questions What are the characteristics of an ideal gas? What are factors that affect the solubility of a gas? How is gas volume related to the number of moles of gas? How do you perform calculations involving gases using information about pressure, volume, temperature, and sometimes mass or moles? How do you determine the partial pressure of a gas, given the total pressure and partial pressures of the other component gases in a mixture? Pacing Guideline 6 days Key Academic Vocabulary Ideal gas Real gas Standard temperature and pressure (STP) Kinetic-molecular theory (KMT) Avogadro’s law mm Hg / torr Atmospheres Kilopascals Boyle’s law Charles’ law Gay-Lussac’s law Combined gas law Ideal Gas law Dalton’s law of partial Pressures Barometric pressure Water vapor pressure 14 Chemistry Common Core Curriculum Map 2012-2013 Suggested Resources by Unit Gases Notes Gas Laws Problems Worksheet #1 Gas Laws Problems Worksheet #2 Water Vapor Pressure Table Demo – Fire Syringe (Combined Gas Law) Demo – Collapsing Can (empty soda can crushed by atmospheric pressure in ice water bath) Demo – Cartesian Diver (Boyle’s Law) Good Gas Laws Demonstrations Boyle’s Law Microscale Investigation Demo: Boyle’s Law With Marshmallows Gas Properties Simulation Investigating Boyle’s Law Simulation/Lab Determining the Molar Mass of Butane Lab Alka-Seltzer & The Ideal Gas Law Lab Gas Laws: Virtual Chemistry Experiment Kinetic-Molecular Theory: Virtual Chemistry Expt. (Many Good Gas Law Simulations) Location of these resources http://www.arborsci.com/cool/chemistry-gas-laws-smorgasborg http://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/gas-properties http://content.blackgold.ca/ict/Division4/Science/Div.%204/Boyles%20Law/boyleslaw.htm http://www.chm.davidson.edu/vce/GasLaws/index.html http://www.chm.davidson.edu/vce/KineticMolecularTheory/index.html http://group.chem.iastate.edu/Greenbowe/sections/projectfolder/flashfiles/gaslaw/ 15 Chemistry Common Core Curriculum Map 2012-2013 Common Core Unit Name: Energetics & Kinetics Unit Number: 8 Enduring Understanding: 2.1 – The energetic nature of substances undergoing phase changes can be described using phase diagrams. 2.2 – Molecules must collide in a specific manner in order for a reaction to occur. 3.1 – The rate of a chemical reaction is affected by factors including temperature, concentration, particle size and presence of a catalyst. Standard 2.1.1 Explain the energetic nature of phase changes. Essential Questions How does the energy (both kinetic and potential) of the particles of a substance change when heated, cooled, or changing phase? What is the difference between heat and temperature? Pacing Guideline 1 day Key Academic Vocabulary Kinetic energy Potential energy Heat Temperature Celsius Kelvin Joule Phase change Change of state Melting Freezing Evaporation Boiling Vaporization Condensation Sublimation Deposition Heating & cooling curve 16 Chemistry Common Core Curriculum Map 2012-2013 2.1.2 2.1.4 2.2.1 Explain heating and cooling curves (heat of fusion, heat of vaporization, heat, melting point, and boiling point). Infer simple calorimetric calculations based on the concepts of heat lost equals heat gained and specific heat. Explain the energy content of a chemical reaction. What is the specific heat capacity of a substance? What are the heat of fusion and heat of vaporization of a substance? What information can you glean from the heating and cooling curve of a substance? Heat capacity Specific heat capacity Endothermic Exothermic Enthalpy of fusion Enthalpy of vaporization How do you determine the enthalpy change in a substance that is being heated, cooled or changing state? (much overlap of vocabulary with 2.1.1) What is the difference between an endothermic and exothermic process? How is the law of conservation of energy obeyed in a closed system? How do you determine the enthalpy change for reactions occurring in water (aqueous solutions)? What conditions must be met in order for molecules to react with each other? What information about a reaction can you determine from potential energy diagrams? 1 day 2-3 days Law of conservation of Energy Closed system Calorimetry Calorimeter Molar Enthalpy 1-2 days Collision theory Orientation Collision geometry Potential energy diagram Reactants Products Activated complex Activation energy Reverse activation energy Enthalpy change 17 Chemistry Common Core Curriculum Map 2012-2013 3.1.1 Explain the factors that affect the rate of a reaction (temperature, concentration, particle size and presence of a catalyst). Suggested Resources by Unit Energetics & Kinetics Notes Reaction Rates Simulation Rate of Reaction Lab Kinetics: Virtual Chemistry Experiments Energetics Practice Problems Worksheet Peanut Calorimetry Lab Molar Enthalpy of Solution Lab Enthalpy of Acids & Bases Neutralization Lab Molar Enthalpy of Neutralization Lab Changes of State & Heating Curves Animation Enthalpy of Fusion of Ice Lab Calorimetry: Virtual Chemistry Experiments (Several Kinetics Simulations) (Several Energetics/Thermodynamics Simulations) What are the factors that affect the rate of a chemical reaction? 1 day Reaction rate Surface area Concentration Pressure Temperature Catalyst Location of these resources http://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/reactions-and-rates http://www.chm.davidson.edu/vce/Kinetics/index.html http://cwx.prenhall.com/petrucci/medialib/media_portfolio/text_images/031_ChangesState.MOV http://www.chm.davidson.edu/vce/Calorimetry/index.html http://group.chem.iastate.edu/Greenbowe/sections/projectfolder/flashfiles/kinetics2/ http://group.chem.iastate.edu/Greenbowe/sections/projectfolder/flashfiles/thermochem/ 18 Chemistry Common Core Curriculum Map 2012-2013 Common Core Unit Name: Equilibrium Unit Number: 9 Enduring Understanding: 2.1 – Phase diagrams communicate information about phases and phase changes of chemical species at various temperatures and pressures. 3.1 – When a system at equilibrium is subjected to a stress, the equilibrium will shift to minimize the stress on the system. Standard 2.1.3 Interpret the data presented in phase diagrams. Essential Questions Pacing Guideline How do phase diagrams convey information about substances such as phase, phase changes, triple point and critical point? ~1 day Changes of state Vapor pressure Melting Boiling Vaporization Condensation Freezing Sublimation Deposition Phase diagram Critical point Triple point Normal melting point Normal boiling point Supercritical fluid (Heating/Cooling curves) What does it mean to say that a chemical reaction is at equilibrium? ~1 day How can the position of equilibrium (the extent to which a reaction goes to completion) be quantified using an expression that can be simplified to one number? Physical equilibrium Chemical equilibrium Dynamic equilibrium Reversible Equilibrium constant (Kc) (some overlap with and inclusion of: 2.1.1 Explain the energetic nature of phase changes) 3.1.2 Explain the conditions of a system at equilibrium. Key Academic Vocabulary 19 Chemistry Common Core Curriculum Map 2012-2013 3.1.3 Infer the shift in equilibrium when a stress is applied to a chemical system (Le Chatelier’s Principle). For a system at equilibrium, what happens when the system is subjected to a stress? How is a shift in the position of equilibrium for a system related to the entropy of the system? Suggested Resources by Unit Equilibrium Notes Changes of State & Heating Curves Animation States of Matter Simulation Phase Changes: Virtual Chemistry Experiment Le Chatelier’s Principle (Cobalt Ion Complex) Video Equilibrium Problems Packet Le Chatelier’s Principle Lab Equilibrium Lab (Spectroscopy) Equilibrium: Virtual Chemistry Experiments ~1 day Le Chatelier’s Principle Stress Shift Entropy Catalyst Location of these resources http://cwx.prenhall.com/petrucci/medialib/media_portfolio/text_images/031_ChangesState.MOV http://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/states-of-matter http://www.chm.davidson.edu/vce/PhaseChanges/index.html http://cwx.prenhall.com/petrucci/medialib/media_portfolio/text_images/066_LeChateliersPr.MOV http://www.chm.davidson.edu/vce/Equilibria/index.html 20 Chemistry Common Core Curriculum Map 2012-2013 Common Core Unit Name: Solutions Unit Number: 10 Enduring Understanding: 3.2 – The concentration and solubility of a solute dissolved in a solvent (a solution) can be determined quantitatively and graphically. Standard 3.2.3 3.2.4 Infer the quantitative nature of a solution (molarity, dilution, and titration with a 1:1 molar ratio). Summarize the properties of solutions. Essential Questions How is a solution’s concentration (molarity) related to the amount of solute and volume of solution? How do you determine the volume or molarity of a solution when it is diluted with the addition of water? What is a solution, and what are examples of each type of solution? What is the difference between an electrolytic and a nonelectrolytic solution? What are colligative properties of solutions and what are examples of them? Pacing Guideline Key Academic Vocabulary 1 day Concentration Molarity Dilution 2 days Soluble Solute Solvent Solution Homogeneous Alloy Aqueous Electrolyte Non-electrolyte Molality Colligative properties Vapor pressure Vapor pressure reduction Boiling point elevation Freezing point reduction Osmotic pressure 21 Chemistry Common Core Curriculum Map 2012-2013 3.2.5 Interpret solubility diagrams. How can graphs be used to communicate information about the solubility of a solute at various temperatures? 1 day Solubility curves Saturated Unsaturated (Henry’s Law) 3.2.6 Explain the solution process. Why does a particle ultimately dissolve or not dissolve? 1 day For solutes that will dissolve, how does that process occur? Ion-dipole attractions Heat (Enthalpy) of solution Endothermic Exothermic Suggested Resources by Unit Solutions Notes NaCl Electrolyte Video Solutions Practice Worksheet Molar Enthalpy of Solution Lab Salts & Solubility Simulation Henry’s Law Simulation Molarity Simulation Vapor Pressure Reduction Simulation Colligative Properties Simulation Ice Cream Lab Freezing Point Depression Lab Location of these resources http://cwx.prenhall.com/petrucci/medialib/media_portfolio/text_images/015_ELECTANDNON.MOV http://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/soluble-salts http://wps.prenhall.com/wps/media/objects/1055/1080459/media/AACXBDW0.html http://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/molarity http://group.chem.iastate.edu/Greenbowe/sections/projectfolder/flashfiles/propOfSoln/vp3.html http://group.chem.iastate.edu/Greenbowe/sections/projectfolder/flashfiles/propOfSoln/colligative.swf 22 Chemistry Common Core Curriculum Map 2012-2013 Common Core Unit Name: Acids & Bases Unit Number: 11 Enduring Understanding: 3.2 – Acids and bases can be distinguished based on their properties, and their concentrations can be determined in reactions known as titrations. Standard 3.2.1 3.2.2 Classify substances using the hydronium and hydroxide concentrations. Summarize the properties of acids and bases. Essential Questions What are the characteristic chemical properties and formulas (in terms of elements or functional groups) of acids and bases? What is the difference between strength and concentration for acids and bases? What pH values are considered acidic, basic, and neutral, and how are these values related to the exponents in their concentrations? How can indicator color provide information about pH of acid and base solutions? How are pH, pOH, [H3O+], and [OH–] calculated? What are the differences between acids and bases in terms of taste, touch (feel), electrical conductivity (electrolytic nature) and effect on indicator color, for indicators such as phenolphthalein and litmus? How does the reaction between an acid and a metal vary, depending on the strength or concentration of an acid, and the relative position of the metal in the activity series? Pacing Guideline Key Academic Vocabulary 3 days Acid Base Arrhenius Bronsted Hydronium Hydroxide (Conjugate acid) (Conjugate base) Concentration Molarity Strength pH pOH Exponential Indicator Amphoteric 1 day Indicator Litmus Phenolphthalein Neutralization Exothermic Electrolytes Alkali 23 Chemistry Common Core Curriculum Map 2012-2013 3.2.3 Infer the quantitative nature of a solution (molarity, dilution, and titration with a 1:1 molar ratio). Suggested Resources by Unit Acids & Bases Notes Acids and Bases Problems Packet Demo – Common Acids & Bases w/ Indicators (litmus, phenolphthalein, red cabbage, etc.) Demo – React HCl + NaOH in calorimeter Demo – React HCl + Zn Demo – React HCl + Na2CO3 / NaHCO3 Acid-Base Solutions Simulation pH Scale Simulation Strong vs. Weak Acids & Bases Animation Strong vs. Weak Acids & Bases Animation Strong vs. Weak Acids & Bases Animation Vinegar Titration Lab Citric Acid (Soft Drink) Titration Lab Polyprotic Acid (H3PO4) Titration (Several Acid-Base Simulations) Acid-Base Titration Simulation Given the volumes of both reacting species and one of their molarities, how can the molarity of an acid or base solution be determined from a titration? What information can be determined from the titration curve of a strong acid with a strong base (or strong base with strong acid)? 1 day Concentration Molarity Dilution Titration Standard solution Titrant Endpoint Equivalence point Titration curve Location of these resources http://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/acid-base-solutions http://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/ph-scale http://cwx.prenhall.com/petrucci/medialib/media_portfolio/text_images/017_AQUEOUSACIDS.MOV http://cwx.prenhall.com/petrucci/medialib/media_portfolio/text_images/016_STRONGWEAK.MOV http://cwx.prenhall.com/petrucci/medialib/media_portfolio/text_images/018_AQUEOUSBASE.MOV http://group.chem.iastate.edu/Greenbowe/sections/projectfolder/flashfiles/acidbasepH/ http://group.chem.iastate.edu/Greenbowe/sections/projectfolder/flashfiles/stoichiometry/a_b_phtitr.swf 24