学术英语 社科
Academic English for
Social Sciences
6
Journalism and
Journalists
It is reported that journalism remains one
of the most popular majors on most
university campuses in America. To be a
journalist has been many graduates’
dream. Why is it the case? Is it because
this profession is superior to others? Are
there other reasons? Read the following
texts and you will get the answer.
Unit 6
Journalism and
Journalists
Unit Contents
Lead-in
Text A
Text B
Text C
Listening
Speaking
Writing
Unit 6
Journalism and
Journalists
• Lead-in
– Lead-in task
Unit 6
Journalism and
Journalists
Lead-in
Lead-in task
Write a paragraph which describes a
journalist’s way of life according to your
knowledge and imagination. (10 minutes);
then read your paragraph to the class.
Unit 6
Journalism and
Journalists
–
–
–
–
–
• Text A
Critical reading and thinking
Difficult sentences
Group discussion
English language for academic purpose
Suggested answers
Unit 6
Journalism and
Journalists
Text A
Critical reading and thinking of Text A
Analyze the text by asking the following questions:
1.How does the text begin? (Para.1)
2.Why did James Kilpatrick tell the story? (Paras.1 & 2)
3.What is journalism like? (Para.3)
4.Why do the authors say “newspeople do pay a price”?
(Para.6)
5.Why does journalism remain one of the most popular
majors on most university campuses? (Para.6)
6.Find examples to illustrate:
a) journalism is a glamorous life;
b) journalism is not a glamorous life. (Paras.8,9)
Unit 6
Journalism and
Journalists
Text A
Critical reading and thinking of Text A
Analyze the text by asking the following questions:
7.What advice do the authors give on how to be successful
in journalism? Use an example to illustrate it. (Para.10)
8.Why can’t journalists react to people’s anger aroused by
bad news? (Para.13)
9.According to the authors, what is the true reward of
journalism? (Para.15)
10.What do the authors conclude? (Para.15)
11.What is the authors’ purpose in writing this article?
Unit 6
Journalism and
Journalists
Text A
Critical reading and thinking of Text A
Task1 Complete the following table about the main
points of the text.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Journalism can be _________.
addictive Most journalists can’t
hooked on journalism
help it. They are _____________________.
a glamorous life Many journalists
Journalism is hardly ______________.
quiet anonymity
work in ______________.
Journalism isn’t for you if you have to be a superstar.
One of the real keys to journalistic success is to
____________________________________________
love the process of journalism regardless of its content
______________.
or the medium
Journalism is not about being popular. Journalists do not
rate highly with the public
______________________.
Unit 6
Journalism and
Journalists
Text A
Difficult sentences
• “Don’t be a newspaperman if you possibly can help it.”
(Para.2)
→ “Try not to be a newspaperman.”
Unit 6
Journalism and
Journalists
Text A
Difficult sentences
•
Today, of course, the young man interested in journalism
is just as likely (possibly even more likely) to be a young
woman, and the career question more likely to be about
television or an online medium. (Para.2)
→ Today, it’s not just young men who are interested in
journalism. Indeed young women are more likely to be
interested and the question about journalism is not just
focused on newspaper but also on television or on
some online media.
Unit 6
Journalism and
Journalists
Text A
Difficult sentences
•
There’s an undeniable element of ego in journalism, and
an equally undeniable element of self-sacrifice. (Para.3)
→ To succeed as a journalist, you must have great
confidence about yourself, and at the same time be
ready of self-sacrifice.
Unit 6
Journalism and
Journalists
Text A
Difficult sentences
•
the adrenalin rush (Para.5)
→ Adrenalin is a chemical produced by your adrenal
glands that makes your heart beat faster and gives you
more energy when you are frightened, excited, or
angry.
The phrase ‘the adrenalin rush’ is often applied to describe
the feeling of exhilaration and power often experienced
in highly stressful or exciting situations.
Unit 6
Journalism and
Journalists
Text A
Difficult sentences
•
matching wits against the deadline (Para.5)
→ ‘Match wits against something’ is a figurative
expression, meaning to enter into intellectual
competition with someone. Here the writer is saying
how the journalists are working hard to meet the
deadline.
•
→
There’s a touch of truth to this. (Para.8)
This (journalism is a glamorous life) is true to a
certain extent.
Unit 6
Journalism and
Journalists
Text A
Difficult sentences
•
No one in the newsroom, he told her, can be above
doing any job if that’s what the paper needs at that
moment. (Para.11)
→ Everyone in the newsroom should be prepared to do
any job that is required by the newspaper at that
moment.
•
Here we must disappoint you. (Para.12)
→ The writer explains how you might be disappointed in
the following two paragraphs.
Unit 6
Journalism and
Journalists
Text A
Group Discussion
Work in groups of 4-5 and make a list of the
qualities you think a good journalist should have.
You should also give your explanations.
Unit 6
Journalism and
Journalists
Text A
English language for academic purpose
Specialized vocabulary
Task1 Translate the following expressions from
English to Chinese or vice versa. (P120)
official publication
正式出版
professional journalist
职业记者
newspaper reporter
报纸记者
radio or TV newscast
电台或电视新闻报道
uncover scandal
揭露丑闻
television anchor people
电视主持人
Unit 6
Journalism and
Journalists
Text A
English language for academic purpose
Specialized vocabulary
专栏作者
columnist
日报
daily paper
头版
体育版
the front page
sports page
大众传媒
mass media
新闻稿
press release
准时出版
turn out on time
Unit
Unit 6
6
Journalism
Text A
Journalism and
and
Journalists
Journalists
English language for academic purpose
Signpost language
sequence: presenting a list of items in a
specific order
•
•
•
•
first, second, third, then, next, and finally
1, 2, 3, etc.; a, b, c, etc…
before, during, after
words indicating steps, phases, stages, processes,
series, spectra, continuums…
Unit 6
Journalism and
Journalists
Text A
English language for academic purpose
Formal English
hedging at syntactic level
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
It is recommended that…
Our data appear to…
Our data are expected to show…
From these results we may conclude…
One might suggest/consider/claim that…
It might therefore be
considered/assumed/claimed…
A consideration of the foregoing might/may
suggest that…
Unit 6
Journalism and
Journalists
Text A
English language for academic purpose
Formal English
hedging at syntactic level
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Thus it might/may be contended that…
Additionally, it might/may be
contended/assumed/considered that…
Hence/Thus it is essential that…
It is clear that…
It seems appropriate, therefore, that…
It may be considered that…
It might be of interest to compose…
This assumption may also help to explain why…
Unit 6
Journalism and
Journalists
Text A
English language for academic purpose
Collocation
2
an undeniable element of ego
come out
the public’s interest
get hooked
deadline pressure
pay a price
burn out
seek careers
Unit 6
Journalism and
Journalists
Text A
English language for academic purpose
Collocation
2
public service
be addictive to
uncover scandals
rub elbows with celebrities
in anonymity
public relations
occupy a lofty position
Unit 6
Journalism and
Journalists
Text A
Suggested answers
Task2 Complete the following sentences. (P120)
1. News of the professor’s departure was a single sentence
at the bottom of a footnote in a holiday-period ministry
daily newspaper
_______________.
2. Advertising refers to the use of ______________
to
mass media
carry paid messages for a commercial purpose or to
advance a cause, institution, or political candidate.
3. Dan Dorfman, the influential financial _____________,
columnist
was fired by Money magazine, the magazine’s managing
editor said yesterday.
Unit 6
Journalism and
Journalists
Text A
Suggested answers
Task2 Complete the following sentences. (P120)
4. The current revolution in the newspaper industry has
highlighted the growing use of new technology to
press release
produce _______________.
5. This annual national award honors three
professional journalists whose outstanding coverage
____________________
in audio, video and print formats best reflects the
enjoyment, importance and public service value of the
Amateur Radio Service.
6. The strange subculture of grown-ups obsessing over a
front page
children’s cartoon is now ______________
news a The
Wall Street Journal.
Unit 6
Journalism and
Journalists
Text A
Suggested answers
Task 3 Complete the sentences. (P122)
1. Why do people fall in love? The answer at first sight
seems
__________
obvious. Love expresses a mutual
physical and personal attachment two individuals
feel for one another. These days, we _________
be
might
skeptical of the idea that love is “forever”, but falling
tend to
in love, we ____________
think, is an experience
arising from universal human emotions. It ________
seems
natural for a couple who fall in love to want personal
and sexual fulfillment in their relationship,
perhaps
___________in
the form of marriage.
Unit 6
Journalism and
Journalists
Text A
Suggested answers
Task 3 Complete the sentences. (P122)
2. Thus a sociologist studying the Columbine High
killings ________
study other mass murders and look
might
to see if there was a pattern in the group
characteristics — such as social class, race, gender,
age, or cultural background — of the murderers and
victims. This _________
lead a sociologist to ask
might
why mass murders like the one at Columbine High
__________
to be mostly the doing of young, middleseem
class, white men and then explain why this is the
case.
Unit 6
Journalism and
Journalists
Text A
Suggested answers
Task 3 Complete the sentences. (P122)
3. Economists normally ________
assume that people are
rational.
4. To beginners, it can ________
odd to claim that
seem
economics is a science.
5. If unemployment is short-term, one _________
might
conclude that it is not a big problem.
Unit 6
Journalism and
Journalists
• Text B
–
–
–
–
–
Critical reading and thinking
Difficult sentences
English language for academic purpose
Group discussion
Researching
Unit 6
Journalism and
Journalists
Text B
Critical reading and thinking
Go over the text and try to find the information
about Internet journalism according to the following
notes.
1. The nature of Internet news:
→ a rival and partner of print and broadcast news; a moving
target about the future; nobody seems to know where it is
headed; interactive
2. People who have adopted this explosive information
revolution:
→ publishers, broadcasters, journalists
3. Some of the most popular and widely used websites
carrying news:
→ MSNBC.com, CNN.com, BBC.CO.UK, NYTimes.com,
Washingtonpost.com…
Unit 6
Journalism and
Journalists
Text B
Critical reading and thinking
4.Some problems of Internet journalism:
→produced a lot of red ink; traditional values and
standards of good journalism are facing
challenges.
5.The author’s perception of new media:
→New media don’t replace old media, but instead
supplement and complement them.
6.The new trend of the media:
→Provide portals rather than just websites for their
online publications.
Unit 6
Journalism and
Journalists
Text B
Difficult sentences
•
News on the Internet is a moving target and
we can only offer a snapshot of this “bird on
the wing”. (Para.1)
→ News on the Internet is updating fast. Hence we
can just draw a rough sketch of it.
Unit 6
Journalism and
Journalists
Text B
Difficult sentences
•
→
They provide a kind of instant feedback loop for
media corporations. (Para.7)
The bloggers’ critical comments of big newspapers
and networks provide instant feedback to these
newspapers and networks. The phrase ‘feedback
loop’ is used here to describe any sort of relationship
in which one person gives feedback to another, even
if nothing in the feedback process resembles a loop.
Unit 6
Journalism and
Journalists
Text B
Difficult sentences
•
To be successful, online newspapers must be
more than merely newspapers online.(Para.14)
→ To be successful, it is not enough for newspapers
just upload the printed version online.
Unit 6
Journalism and
Journalists
Text B
English language for academic purpose
Collocation
•
•
•
•
•
•
news sources
a moving target
bird on the wing
downsize staffs
trim costs
on the verge of
Unit 6
Journalism and
Journalists
Text B
English language for academic purpose
Collocation
•electronic edition
•in hot competition with
•a breaking news story
•pop off
•equate… with…
•classified advertisements
•bet on
Unit 6
Journalism and
Journalists
Text B
Group discussion
Form groups of 4-5 and discuss the following
question.
The author says that “Internet news has a strong
future but is quite unlikely to replace either print or
broadcast news.” Do you agree? Why or why not?
Unit 6
Journalism and
Journalists
Text B
Researching
Work in groups of 4-5 and conduct a survey
about “How weibo affects university students’
daily lives”.
Unit 6
Journalism and
Journalists
• Text C
–Critical reading
Unit 6
Journalism and
Journalists
Text C
Suggested answers
Complete the following table by noting down the major
achievements of the five famous journalists Text C
talks about.
Journalists
Major achievements
Bob Woodward
one of the best non-fiction authors;
report of “Watergate scandal”
Walter Winchell
one of the best celebrity journalists
Margaret Bourke- one of the world’s first and most
White
famous journalists; the only woman
photographer permitted in war zones
Robert Capa
Anna Quindlen
the only combat journalist
the voice of the “Baby Boomers”
Unit 6
Journalism and
Journalists
• Listening
–
Dealing with unfamiliar words
Unit 6
Journalism and
Journalists
Listening
Dealing with unfamiliar words
1. If the words don’t hinder your understanding
of the major points, just skip them over.
2. Use contextual information, common sense
and background information to guess the
meaning of the word.
3. If you fail to figure out the meaning of an
important word, move on and listen attentively
to the speaker.
Unit 6
Journalism and
Journalists
Listening
Suggested answers
Task 1 listen to a talk and write down the definitions of
the following terms. (Page 132)
1. blogger: someone’s
____________________________________
online record of the websites he
___________________________________
or she visits.
one-person Internet blabbermouths
2. Web logger: _________________________________
who pop off to anyone who will listen
__________________________________
Unit 6
Journalism and
Journalists
Listening
Suggested answers
Task 2 listen to a talk and complete the following
sentences. (Page 132)
1. The main idea of this talk
TV has coped well with technological change
is_______________________________________.
2. In the final quarter of 2009 the average American
spent almost
___________________________________.
37 hours a week watching television
3. Shows like “American Idol” and “Britain’s Got
Talent” draw huge audiences partly because
________________________________________
people are constantly messaging and tweeting
________________________________________.
about them, and discussing them on Facebook.
Unit 6
Journalism and
Journalists
Listening
Suggested answers
Task 2 listen to a talk and complete the following
sentences. (Page 132)
4. Pay-television subscriptions grew by
_______________________________________.
more than two million in America last year
5. India has gone from two channels in the early
1900s to _______________________________.
more than 600 today
6. Once people start ________________________
paying for greater television
________,
they rarely stop.
choice
Unit 6
Journalism and
Journalists
• Speaking
– Analyzing your audience and purpose
Unit 6
Journalism and
Journalists
Speaking
Analyzing your audience and purpose
Presentation Outline
When you are planning a presentation, you may find it
helpful to use an outline.
If it is a group presentation, the outline can provide an
easy way to divide the content.
For example, someone could do the introduction,
another student the first main idea in the body, and
so on.
Unit 6
Journalism and
Journalists
Speaking
Analyzing your audience and purpose
1. Introduction
Topic: ________________________________
Hook/attention getter:____________________
Thesis statement: _______________________
Unit 6
Journalism and
Journalists
Speaking
Analyzing your audience and purpose
2. Body
First step/example/reason: ____________________
Supporting details:___________________________
Second step/example/reason: __________________
Supporting details: ___________________________
Third step/example/reason: ____________________
Supporting details: ___________________________
Unit 6
Journalism and
Journalists
Speaking
Analyzing your audience and purpose
3. Conclusion
Major points to summarize: ___________________
Any implications/suggestions/predictions: ________
Closing comment/summary: __________________
Unit 6
Journalism and
Journalists
• Writing
–
Writing findings/results
Unit 6
Journalism and
Journalists
Writing
Writing findings/results
A summary of the results
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
This study has shown that…
The main finding of this thesis is that…
This study demonstrates that…
The evidence seems to indicate that...
It must therefore be recognised that...
The indications are therefore that...
It is clear therefore that...
Thus it could be concluded that...
The evidence seems to be strong that...
On this basis it may be inferred that...
Given this evidence, it can be seen that…
Unit 6
Journalism and
Journalists
Writing
Writing findings/results
An explanation of the results, particularly those
that do not support, or only partially support, your
hypotheses
•
•
•
Unexpectedly, X and Y were shown to be…
This finding was unexpected and suggests…
The most likely explanation of the negative
finding is…
Unit 6
Journalism and
Journalists
Writing
Writing findings/results
Generalizations that can be made from the results
•
•
Although this study was conducted in one
region, the results should be generalizable
to other areas.
The findings suggest that this approach
would also be beneficial in other sectors.
Unit 6
Journalism and
Journalists
Writing
Writing findings/results
Search your university library for a research paper
with a well-written findings or results section.
Then answer the following questions.
1. What are the general findings or results of
the research paper?
2. Do the authors use tables or figures to
analyze the data?
3. Do the authors provide raw material in this
part?
4. Do the authors use past tense when writing
this part?
Unit 6
Journalism and
Journalists
• Getting ready for the next unit
– After class tasks
Unit 6
Journalism and
Journalists
Getting ready for the next unit
Do the following tasks after class
1.
2.
3.
4.
Find out main points of Text A.
Define the key terms with examples.
Mark the specialized vocabulary and explain them.
Underline the collocations you think important.