Annual Household Survey 2015 Summary of findings August 2015 Research Services City of Whittlesea – 2015 Household Survey City of Whittlesea, 2015 This work is copyright. Apart from any use permitted under the Copyright Act 1968, no part may be reproduced by any process without written permission from the Manager, Organisation Improvement, City of Whittlesea, Locked Bag 1 Bundoora MDC 3083. DISCLAIMER Any representation, statement, opinion or advice, expressed or implied in this publication is made in good faith but on the basis that the City of Whittlesea, its agents and employees are not liable (whether by reason of negligence, lack of care or otherwise) to any person for any damages or loss whatsoever which has occurred or may occur in relation to that person taking action in respect of any representation, statement, or advice referred to above. Page 2 of 18 City of Whittlesea – 2015 Household Survey Table of contents 2015 SUMMARY OF FINDINGS ......................................................................................................... 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................................................................ 3 INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................................... 4 Methodology ................................................................................................................................... 4 Metropolis Research ....................................................................................................................... 4 KEY FINDINGS ...................................................................................................................................... 5 Demographic profile ....................................................................................................................... 5 Health and recreation ..................................................................................................................... 7 Employment .................................................................................................................................... 7 Education ........................................................................................................................................ 9 Transport ........................................................................................................................................ 9 Housing ......................................................................................................................................... 10 Communication and consultation ................................................................................................. 12 Community .................................................................................................................................... 13 Environment .................................................................................................................................. 17 Issues for Council to address ........................................................................................................ 17 Performance of Council ................................................................................................................ 18 Importance of and satisfaction with Council services and facilities ............................................. 18 Page 3 of 18 City of Whittlesea – 2015 Household Survey Introduction The Research Unit of the City of Whittlesea Council commissioned Metropolis Research to conduct this, the eighteenth annual Household Survey, the first being completed in 1997. The survey provides an accurate snapshot of the population of the City of Whittlesea; its characteristics, behaviours and requirements of Council. The Household Survey also provides a timely update to the Census of Population and Housing and functions as Council’s major source of current community data. This report has been prepared to provide a summary of the main findings of the Household Survey results. Readers are encouraged to read the municipal report for more detailed information or to contact the Research Unit, City of Whittlesea Council directly for more information on the Household Survey or to discuss the application of the data presented to specific situations. Methodology The City of Whittlesea – 2015 Household Survey was designed in the style of the Australian Bureau of Statistics’ Census of Population and Housing, with some changes in emphasis and the inclusion of Council specific questions, with other questions similar to the ABS General Social Survey. The 2015 Household Survey is a self-assessment survey distributed primarily via a drop-off and pick-up methodology. A mail-out and reply paid methodology was employed for households located within the Rural North precinct of the City of Whittlesea, due to occupational health and safety and efficiency reasons. The survey was distributed to a random, precinct-stratified sample of 2,013 households across the City of Whittlesea. A total of one thousand households, comprising 2,878 individual residents of the City of Whittlesea were included in the results. Responses were obtained from every individual in the household for forty questions, including children where appropriate, as well as responses from the household as a whole for twenty-nine questions. Metropolis Research The Research Unit of the City of Whittlesea Council commissioned Metropolis Research to conduct the City of Whittlesea – 2015 Household Survey. Metropolis Research worked collaboratively with the Research Unit to review the survey design from that used in recent years to ensure the survey was relevant to the current information needs of Council. Metropolis Research was responsible for the implementation of the survey in the field, the data entry, cleaning and coding, data analysis and preparation of the main report, this summary of findings and two issues papers. Page 4 of 18 City of Whittlesea – 2015 Household Survey Key findings This section of the report provides a summary of the findings from each section of the main report. This summary is designed to provide a basic overview of the results of each section of the survey and to identify important or noteworthy results. It is important to bear in mind that the City of Whittlesea – 2015 Household Survey is a very comprehensive and wide-ranging resource comprising data relating to sixtynine separate questions. The main report provides a more comprehensive examination of these results including time-series analysis of municipal results, results for each of the twelve precincts comprising the City of Whittlesea, as well as an examination of variation in results for example by age, gender, language and household structure. Readers are strongly advised to refer to the main report when seeking additional information not provided in this summary. Demographic profile The age structure of respondents o The median age was 39 years, up slightly on the 2014 survey median of 36 and higher than the 34 years from the 2011 Census. Respondents’ gender o Respondents were comprised of 49.8% male, 50.0% female and 0.2% other respondents. Household structure and size o A little more than half of the respondents were in family households (46.6% two-parent, 5.9% one-parent and 6.0% other families). o A little more than one-quarter (27.2%) were in couple-only households, 0.8% group households and 13.4% lived alone. o The average household size in 2015 was 2.87; slightly lower than the 2011 Census result of 3.0, and lower than the 2.92 from 2014. Country of birth o Approximately two-thirds of respondents (64.1%) were born in Australia, 3.9% in a mainly English speaking country and 29.4% in a mainly non-English speaking country (similar to the 2014 results). o The top five other countries of birth were India (4.8%), Italy (3.4%), Macedonia (2.6%), Greece (2.2%) and Lebanon (1.3%). o Almost three-quarters (72.9% up from 63.8%) of overseas born respondents had lived in Australia for ten years or more, and 2.7% less than one year (down from 3.0%). Page 5 of 18 City of Whittlesea – 2015 Household Survey o 1.2% of respondents identified as Aboriginal (0.8%) or Torres Strait Islander (0.4%). Languages o Two-thirds of respondents (68.5% up from 66.5%) preferred to speak English at home and one-third (31.5%) preferred another language. o The top five languages other than English respondents prefer to speak or read were Greek, Italian, Macedonian, Arabic, and Punjabi. Personal income o The median personal weekly income in 2015 was $581 per week or $30,212 per annum. o This is a 17.3% increase on the 2014 median of $495 per week and a 34.8% increase on the 2007 median of $431 per week. o One-quarter of respondents (25.1%) had an income of less than $250 per week and one-quarter (25.5%) had an income of $1,000 or more per week. o The median income of those employed full time or self-employed was $1,067 per week, or $55,484 per annum, up 7.4% on 2014. Males employed full-time or self-employed earned a median income that was 24.5% higher than that of females. English speaking respondents employed full-time or selfemployed earned a median income that was 20.2% higher that of non-English speaking respondents. Disability o Page 6 of 18 A little more than one-sixth of respondents (17.9% up from 13.6%) reported that they had a permanent or long-term disability. More than one-third (41.7%) of older adults (61 to 75 years) and more than half (57.8%) of senior citizens (76 years or older) reported having a permanent or long-term disability. There was no variation between males and females or between English and non-English speaking respondents. o The most common disabilities were physical (8.3%), mental health (5.0%) and hearing impairment (3.0%). o A little less than one-third of the respondents with a disability require assistance with the disability (18.1% emotional support, 10.5% self care activities and 10.1% financial support). City of Whittlesea – 2015 Household Survey Health and recreation General health o The overwhelming majority of respondents (87.5% down from 88.5%) rated their general health as “good” or better, with just 10.5% rating their general health as “fair” and 1.9% as “poor”. o There was a clear relationship between respondent age and perception of general health, with older respondents more likely to rate their health as “fair” or “poor” than younger respondents. Moderate to vigorous physical activity o A little more than one-third of respondents (35.5% down from 38.0%) reported that they spend less than one hour in the last week doing moderate to vigorous physical activity, 41.9% spent between one and five hours and one-fifth (22.6%) spent more than five hours. o There was relatively little variation in this result for respondents of most ages, although young children, older adults and senior citizens were considerably less likely to have spent any time doing moderate to vigorous physical activity. o There was no meaningful variation based on respondent gender, however English speaking respondents were more likely than nonEnglish speaking respondents to undertake some activity. Recreation activities o Four-fifths (81.0%) of respondents aged five years and over identified at least one recreational activity in which they participate. The top six activities were walking (54.4%), gardening (21.0%), gym / fitness group (17.2%), swimming (11.5%), cycling / bike riding (9.7%) and running (9.2%). Employment Employment status o A little more than two-thirds (68.6%) of the respondents aged 15 years and over were participating in the labour force. One-third (37.4%) were employed full-time, 17.8% part-time or casual, 6.4% self-employed and 2.2% employed/studying. 4.8% were unemployed, down from 6.9% in 2014 and 5.3% in 2013. Page 7 of 18 City of Whittlesea – 2015 Household Survey o A little less than one-third of respondents aged 15 years and over did not participate in the labour force. Almost one-sixth of respondents were retired (14.9%), 5.2% studying and 6.1% home duties. Occupations o Almost one-quarter (22.1%) of employed respondents were employed as professionals, continuing a long-term trend towards professional employment. In 1997 just 7.0% were employed as professionals. o Almost one-fifth (19.5%) were employed in clerical / admin, and 6.4% in sales. o Almost one-sixth (15.4%) were employed as community / personal service workers. o Almost one-sixth (13.3%) of employed respondents were employed as technicians / trades, a result that has remained relatively stable. o The proportion employed as labourers decreased somewhat in 2015, down from 12.8% in 2014 to 8.9%, continuing a long-term declining trend. The proportion employed as machinery operators / drivers (10.0%) increased marginally. Industry of employment o The top four industries of employment were healthcare and social assistance (17.3%), transport, postal and warehousing (10.3%), retail trade (10.2%), and manufacturing (9.6%). Employment location o A little more than one-quarter (26.8%) of employed respondents were employed in a suburb within the City of Whittlesea, 13.7% in the North eastern and 14.7% in the North western region. o Approximately one-fifth (20.2%) of employed respondents were employed in the inner Melbourne region. o 11.4% of employed respondents were employed in various rather than a fixed location, reversing the unusual decline in 2014 (1.3%). o 2.3% of employed respondents worked from home as a home-based business, with a little more than one-sixth either sometimes (16.6%) or often/always (2.2%) working from home. Satisfaction with working hours o Page 8 of 18 Almost three-quarters (74.9%) of employed respondents were satisfied with the number of hours they worked, with 5.3% dissatisfied because they work too many hours and 5.9% because they work too few hours. 3.8% were dissatisfied because skills and experience doesn’t match the job, 5.8% were dissatisfied because the commute time was too long, and 3.4% were dissatisfied with a lack of local jobs. City of Whittlesea – 2015 Household Survey Education Attending educational institution o A little more than one-quarter (28.7%) of respondents attends an educational institution. This is comprised of the following: Kindergarten (6.4%), Primary school (24.1%), Secondary school (25.2%), TAFE or similar (12.3%), University (25.4%). Qualifications o The proportion of respondents aged 15 years and over with some form of post-secondary school qualification has remained stable in 2015 at 70.8%, after increasing steadily from 42.5% in 1997 to 70.3% in 2013. Certificate / Diploma (41.8% up from 34.3% in 1997) Bachelor or Higher degree (25.8% up from 8.2% in 1997) Transport Journey to work or study o Four-fifths of employed respondents (81.6%) drive to work, 12.2% travel by train and 4.7% travel by car as a passenger. o The majority of student respondents either drive (40.5%) or travel by car as a passenger (13.1%) to study, 10.4% travel by train and 10.2% travel to study by bus. Average daily two-way commute time o A little less than one-fifth (18.2%) of employed respondents take less than fifteen minutes for the two-way commute to work. o Half (50.4%) take between 31 and 60 minutes, 16.4% take 61 to 90 minutes and 15.0% take more than 90 minutes. Forms of transport used in the last three months for non-work / study trips o A little more than half identified car as driver (58.6% up from 55.1%), and one-third (36.7% down from 45.9%) identified car as passenger. o A little less than one-quarter (22.7% down from 27.5%) identified train, almost one-fifth (19.6% down from 27.9%) identified walking and a little more than ten percent (11.0% down from 14.4%) identified bus. Page 9 of 18 City of Whittlesea – 2015 Household Survey Frequency and purpose of public transport use for non-work / study related trips o Almost one-fifth of respondents (19.9%) use public transport at least weekly, with almost one-sixth (13.8%) using public transport either fortnightly or monthly). o A little less than half (42.8%) of respondents drive to the public transport station / stop, a little more than one-quarter (27.0%) are dropped off by car, and 27.5% walk to the station / stop. o A little less than half of the respondents (41.8%) travel to entertainment venues by public transport, 36.4% travel to sporting events, 34.7% travel to shopping, 17.4% travel to relatives / friends, and 12.2% travel to cultural events by public transport. Factors that would encourage additional public transport use o A little less than one-third of respondents identified car parking at stations (29.7%) and lower cost (29.0%). o Approximately one-quarter of respondents identified more frequent services (27.4%) and more / better security (22.5%). o Approximately one-fifth of respondents identified better timetables (19.9%) and less overcrowding (19.4%). o Approximately one-sixth (17.7%) of respondents identified more stops near home. Housing Dwelling type o The overwhelming majority of dwellings were separate detached houses (92.0% up from 86.6%), although this varies across the municipality. Housing situation o The proportion of respondent households owning their home outright increased somewhat in 2015 from 39.7% to 43.3%, with 40.7% purchasing their home and 14.9% renting (down from 19.7%). Housing payments Page 10 of 18 o The median weekly mortgage was $417 in 2015, down 7.4% on the 2014 median of $450 per week. o The median weekly rental payment was $337 in 2015, a decline of less than one percent on the 2014 median of $340 per week. o The median weekly housing cost (mortgage and rental) varied from $333 per week in Lalor to $452 per week in Doreen. City of Whittlesea – 2015 Household Survey Housing related financial stress o One-quarter of rental and mortgagee household respondents report their housing costs place no stress on the household’s finances. o One-quarter (25.5%) reported low stress, 31.6% moderate stress and 17.3% heavy housing related financial stress. Period residence o Approximately one-third (33.5% down from 40.8%) of respondents had lived at the current address for less than five years and 45.3% for ten years or more. Previous location of residence o Almost half (48.8%) of the respondents living at their current address less than five years previously lived within the City of Whittlesea, the third consecutive decline in this result since the 55.0% recorded in 2012. o A little more than one-fifth (21.3%) had previously lived in the northeastern region of Melbourne. o 10.6% had previously lived interstate or internationally. Potential emigration o In 2015, 3.5% (down from 14.5%) of respondents reported that they would definitely be moving from the current address within 12 months, and 7.7% (down from 8.1%) reported that they may possibly be moving. Potential future suburb of residence o A little more than half (57.7% up from 56.2% in 2014) of respondents potentially moving are most likely to remain within the City of Whittlesea, with a further 12.9% moving within the north eastern region of Melbourne. o A little less than ten percent (8.2%) were potentially moving interstate or overseas. o Approximately five percent (5.2%) were potentially moving to inner Melbourne. Page 11 of 18 City of Whittlesea – 2015 Household Survey Communication and consultation Preferred methods of communicating with Council when they have a matter to deal with. o Two-thirds of respondents (66.9% up from 57.9%) identified telephone and approximately one-third identified email (34.2% down from 37.0%), and in person at Council office (32.5% up from 29.0%), and more than one-fifth (21.2% down from 27.7%) identified traditional mail. o The proportion of respondents identifying social media increased, with Facebook increasing from 3.3% to 6.2%, and Twitter increasing from 0.4% to 1.1%. Publications received and read o Whittlescene – A little less than half of the respondent households received the publication (43.8% up from 43.2%), and almost all these respondent households read the publication (38.9% down from 39.7%). o Whittlesea Leader – More than half of the respondent households received the publication (57.5% down from 61.2%), and a similar proportion of respondent households read the publication (57.6% up from 57.2%). o City of Whittlesea Community Calendar – A little more than onethird of respondent households received the publication (37.2% up from 34.8%), and almost all of these respondent households read the publication (31.9% up from 28.8%). o Northern Star Weekly – A little less than one-quarter of respondent households receive the publication (22.4% up from 20.7%), and three-quarters of these respondent households read the publication (16.4% down from 17.3%). o It is noted that less than ten percent of respondents either received or read any of the four other publications listed on the survey form (North Central Review, Whittlesea Town Crier, Community Kalori, and newspapers / magazines in a language other than English). Preferred sources of information about neighbourhood services and issues Page 12 of 18 o More than four-fifths (86.3%) of respondent households identified at least one method by which they prefer to find out information. o The five most preferred methods were: Articles in Whittlescene (58.0% up from 50.3%). Local newspaper articles (45.4% down from 47.3%). Direct mail / letters / brochures (38.0%). Dedicated column in Whittlesea Leader (32.2% up from 26.8%). City of Whittlesea – 2015 Household Survey o Sent with rates notice (31.4% up from 22.5%). The proportion of respondents identifying Facebook increased (12.5% up from 9.9%) and Twitter declined marginally (1.2% down from 1.6%). Community Agreement with selected sense of community statements o Solid agreement – with each of “I / we have adequate time to spend with friends / family”, “people in my neighbourhood are accepting of people from other cultural / religious backgrounds”, “I / we could turn to the neighbours for help”, “I / we often stop and chat with someone from my local community”, “the community has a distinct character, it is a special place”. o Mild agreement – with each of “most people in my local community can be trusted”, “my / our neighbourhood has a strong sense of community”, “it is easy to find out about activities and events available locally”, “it is easy to find out what services are available for residents”, “I / we feel part of the local community”. o Mild disagreement – with each of “people in my community get involved in local issues”, “there are opportunities to have a real say on issues that are important to us”, and “I / we participate in community activities and events”. In general terms, respondent households from Whittlesea Township, Mernda, Doreen, and the Rural North tended to rate agreement with these sense of community statements higher than average, whilst respondent households from Epping, Blossom Park, and Bundoora rated agreement as somewhat lower than average. Participation in community groups o A little less than half of the respondents (49.5% down from 57.7%) reported participating in at least one of the fourteen listed types of groups. o The community groups with the highest levels of participation were church / religious groups (14.1%), sports clubs (13.8%), and “gym and exercise” (11.9%). Volunteering o Ten percent of respondents (9.9%) aged fifteen years and over reported volunteering locally. o Less than five percent (3.5%) aged fifteen years and over reported volunteering non-locally. Page 13 of 18 City of Whittlesea – 2015 Household Survey Carers o Approximately ten percent of respondents aged 15 years and over (11.1% down from 13.2%) were involved in an on-going carer role for someone to allow that person to stay in their home. Non-English speaking respondents (20.2%) were considerably more likely than English speaking (10.4%) respondents to be a carer. Perception of safety in the public areas of the City of Whittlesea o o The perception of safety in public areas of the City of Whittlesea questions were changed substantially in 2015, and are now asked as a person question. A little more than two-thirds of respondents (69.6%) reported feeling somewhat or very safe in the public areas of the City of Whittlesea during the day. 8.2% of respondents felt somewhat or very unsafe in the public areas of the City of Whittlesea during the day. A little less than one-third of respondents (30.9%) reported feeling somewhat or very safe in the public areas of the City of Whittlesea at night. 41.4% of respondents reported feeling somewhat or very unsafe in the public areas of the City of Whittlesea at night. Locations in which respondents feel unsafe Approximately one-third of respondents felt unsafe around walking / cycling paths (39.8%), at train stations (36.5%), and in local parks (35.8%). Gambling o Almost one-quarter of adult respondents identified at least one form of gambling in which they have participated within the last twelve months: o Page 14 of 18 Pokies at local venues TAB Pokies at non-local venues Casino Sports betting online On-track betting Other forms of gambling (9.4%) (7.5%) (5.6%) (5.6%) (3.7%) (1.4%) (4.8%) Respondent households were asked to rate their agreement with five statements relating to gambling, on a scale of 0 – 10 (0 – strongly disagree to 10 – strongly agree. The results can best be summarised as follows: City of Whittlesea – 2015 Household Survey Very Strong agreement - that gambling negatively affects people’s health (8.39) and that increasing access to gambling opportunities can significantly increase the number of problem gamblers (8.36), with approximately three-quarters strongly agreeing with each statement and less than ten percent disagreeing. Strong agreement – that gambling is a serious problem in the community (7.67), with almost two-thirds (61.5%) strongly agreeing and just 6.8% disagreeing. Mild agreement – that people in the local community gamble at clubs or hotels because there are few leisure activities available (5.84), with one-third (35.8%) strongly agreeing and almost one-quarter (23.3%) disagreeing. Mild disagreement – that people in the community should have access to recreational gambling opportunities (3.81), with almost one-sixth (15.3%) strongly agreeing and almost half (48.7%) disagreeing. Access to health and community services o A little more than half (54.0%) of the respondent households had accessed a bulk billing doctor in the last twelve months, and 35.4% had accessed a dentist. o Less than ten percent of respondent households had accessed childcare, counselling, education, mental health service, employment / retraining, emergency relief, utility relief grants, residential aged care, respite services, interpreter services, settlement programs. o A total of just 57 respondent households (5.7%) had been unable to access at least one of the listed health and community services they required. Access to advice or assistance regarding health and community services o A little less than half (44.7%) of respondent households identified at least one topic with which they needed advice or assistance in the last twelve months, with medical (33.9%), taxation (19.8%), and social security (8.5%) the most common. o Just 2.2% of respondent households identified at least one topic with which they required assistance or advice that they were unable to obtain. Libraries o A little more than one-quarter (28.5%) of respondent households visit a library at least once a month, one-third (36.7%) rarely visit, and onethird (34.8%) never visit. o The most common reason for visiting a library is to borrow books or other library resources (72.9%), with accessing internet or computers Page 15 of 18 City of Whittlesea – 2015 Household Survey (18.7%), for children’s programs (17.1%), to spend time relaxing (13.5%), and to seek information about local services and community (10.6%) also common reasons. Local open spaces o Almost half (47.4%) of the respondent households visit walking / cycling paths at least weekly, and a little less than one-third (30.3%) rarely or never visit walking / cycling paths. o A little less than one-quarter of respondent households visit playgrounds (22.0%) or sporting reserves (24.1%) at least weekly, with a little more than half rarely or never visiting these facilities. o Approximately one-sixth (16.4%) of respondent households visited informal open grassed areas at least weekly, with approximately twothirds (63.4%) rarely or never visiting these areas. o Three-quarters or more of respondent households rarely or never visit each of picnic facilities (75.0%), dog-off leash areas (81.7%), or skate facilities (94.8%). o Reasons for visiting local open spaces o The most common reasons for visiting local open spaces identified by respondent households were to walk in or around (47.8%), and to sit, relax and enjoy the outdoors (42.3%) A little less than one-third of respondent households identified to socialise with family / friends (29.4%), and to walk / exercise the dog (29.3%). Approximately one-quarter of respondent households identified to play on playground equipment (25.6%), to exercise / work out (24.8%), to have a BBQ or picnic (24.6%), to walk / cycle / scooting to destinations (23.7%), and to play (21.7%). Approximately one-sixth of respondent households identified to play / watch organised sport (17.5%), and to attend community events (14.1%). The most common barrier to visiting Council facilities and open spaces was a lack of time, identified by approximately one-fifth of respondent households, with 12.9% identifying personal safety concerns as a barrier to visiting local open spaces. Food security o Page 16 of 18 In 2015, a total of 6.2% of respondent households reported having run out of food and been unable to afford to buy more at least once in the last twelve months, a decline on the 8.9% reported in 2014. City of Whittlesea – 2015 Household Survey Environment There was substantial variation in the proportion of respondent households currently engaging in the various environmental actions, the results being best summarised as follows: o The overwhelming majority (85.6%) of respondent households were currently turning off lights and appliances when not being used. o Approximately two-thirds of respondent households had installed energy efficient lights (67.3%) and water efficient showerheads (68.9%). o A little less than half (44.0%) of the respondent households currently reduce heat transfer from windows. o Approximately one-third of respondent households currently purchase sustainable products (35.9%), buy organic and / or local produce (34.6%), grow fruit and vegetables (38.5%), and use rain water tanks (32.0%). o Approximately one-quarter of respondent households currently reuse grey water on gardens (24.0%) and compost or worm farm (21.3%). o Ten percent (10.1%) of respondent households currently car pool to work or study. Issues for Council to address A total of 675 respondent households (67.5% up from 50.2%) identified at least one issue they believe Council should address in the coming year. o The top five issues were: Traffic management (28.3% down from 29.9%) Roads maintenance and repairs (20.0% up from 6.6%) Public transport (18.6% up from 17.1%) Safety, policing and crime (13.6% up from 7.6%) Parking (11.6% up from 7.2%). Page 17 of 18 City of Whittlesea – 2015 Household Survey Performance of Council Performance of Council across all areas of responsibility. o The average satisfaction in 2015 was 5.18, on scale from zero to ten where five is neutral, a decrease of 4.9% from 2014 (5.45). o The proportion of respondent households very satisfied (rating 8 to 10) increased from 18.8% to 21.0%, and the proportion dissatisfied (rating 0 to 4) also increased from 19.9% to 24.7%. o Respondents from Doreen rated overall satisfaction notably but not measurably lower than the average at just 4.56. o The most commonly identified reasons for respondents rating the performance of Council overall at less than five related to “communication and awareness” (34.1% of comments), and general negative comments (10.1%). Governance and leadership. o Average satisfaction with the five aspects of governance and leadership (on a scale of 0 – 10) were as follows: Meeting responsibility to environment Community consultation / engagement Representation and advocacy Making decisions in interests of com. Keeping the community informed (5.55 dn from 5.86) (5.01 dn from 5.43) (5.01 dn from 5.29) (4.91) (5.18) o A little less than one-sixth of respondent households (14.8%) were dissatisfied with Council managing its environmental responsibilities. o A little more than one-quarter of respondent households were dissatisfied with each of the four other aspects of governance and leadership. Importance of and satisfaction with Council services and facilities The average importance of the twenty-two services and facilities included in the 2015 survey was 7.23 out of 10 down from 7.25. The importance was rated between 8.3 for waste management services and 6.40 for fostering aboriginal reconciliation. The average satisfaction with the twenty-two services and facilities included in the 2015 survey was 6.26 out of ten, up from 6.24. Satisfaction with each of the twenty-two included services and facilities varied from 7.39 for waste and recycling collection services to 5.27 for promotion of local employment opportunities. Page 18 of 18