Name ____________________________________ Per___
What is Sensation?
pg. 115-124
What is Perception?
● If the eye senses stimuli from the outside world, then what perceives the messages taken in by the eye? (be specific)
Bottom-up processing- Example-
Top-down processing- Example-
*Go to a quiet room. Turn the volume on a radio/stereo/TV down until you are right before “zero” noise or until you can’t hear it. Step back a foot or two, wait and listen for about a minute. Can you hear it?
If you can hear the radio/stereo/TV 50% of the time, what is this activity demonstrating? How?
What are some of our (human) absolute thresholds?
Explain the signal detection theory.
Subliminal-
Can we sense stimuli below our absolute thresholds? Explain.
Can we be affected by stimuli so weak as to be unnoticed? Explain.
*Go back to the quiet room with the radio/TV on. Wait and listen for it (have someone with you for this one). Step back about 5 feet. Have someone barely turn the radio/TV up. Can you notice the difference in the volume? Have them turn it up relatively loud. Then have them turn it down just a little. Can you notice the difference in the volume? What is this activity demonstrating? How?

Weber’s Law-
Sensory adaptation-
Give an example?
Benefit?
Selective attention-
Cocktail party effect-
Inattentional blindness-
Sensory transduction
Light-
*Draw a picture for each term below in the table provided. USE COLOR! Use more than one color to show differences in the terms. wavelength hue intensity
pg. 124-133

label the eye. Explain the process of getting light messages into the eye (be sure to describe the roles of the different parts of the eye)
A
C
E
G
I
B
D
F
H
J
K
M
O
Q
L
N
P
R
Acuity
Nearsightedness-
Farsighted
Draw a picture of the retina. Describe how information is processed in the retina (include rods/cones, fovea, bipolar cells, ganglion cells, optic nerve, and blind spot)
Fovea (what is it and what does it allow you to do)
Cones vs. rods – what information do they “see”?
Explain feature detectors and how they work.

Parallel processing (what is it and how does it work?)
Color deficiency (How many people are color deficient? Why does it occur? What is it?)
Color theories
Young-Hemholtz trichromatic theory
Opponent-process theory
Afterimages
Color constancy
pg. 133-150
Frequency vs. pitch
Decibels (when does damage occur?)
Label the ear. Explain the auditory process (including the parts of the outer, middle and inner ear)
Hair cell loss and damage

How do we detect loudness?
What does it mean when your ears ring?
Noisy environments and stress
Place vs. frequency theory
How do we locate sounds?
What is “wrong” when someone has Conduction hearing loss?
What is “wrong” when someone has sensorineural hearing loss?
Cochlear implant
How does the Deaf Culture feel about this device?
How does our brain “compensate”

(what basic sensations?)
What is pain and what does it tell us?
Explain the phantom-limb sensation.
How is pain unlike many of the other sensations we experience
Explain the gate-control theory
How does rubbing a painful area cause there to be “less” pain?
What are some of the ways one can “control” pain?
(4 basic sensations ) How do taste buds work?
How long does it take us to taste?
Taste bud regeneration
What can affect taste buds?
Sensory interaction
: How do we detect odors?
Why is it hard for us to describe smells?
Odors and memory

Explain kinesthesis
Explain our vestibular sense.
Using this sense, explain the sense of dizziness you feel after getting off a “Tilt-a-Whirl” or similar spinning ride.
Gestalt:
pg. 151-169
“famous saying” of Gestalt psychologists:
Principles
○ Figure-ground
○ Grouping
■
Proximity
■
Similarity
■ Continuity
■ Connectedness
■
Closure
Depth perception
Visual cliff (explain the experiment and what it proved)
Binocular cues
Retinal disparity
Convergence
Monocular cues
○ Interposition

○ Relative size
○ Relative clarity
○ Texture gradient
○ Relative height
○ Relative motion
○ Linear perspective
○ Light and shadow
Motion perception (how does our brain process motion?)
Phi phenomenon
Perceptual constancy
Explain shape constancy
Explain size constancy
Perceptual Interpretation
What have the studies on perceptual limitations (and restored vision) shown us about early experience?
Explain.
What occurred in/during the first “sensory deprivation” studies ?
Is this still the belief about sensory deprivation/restriction? Explain.
Perceptual adaptation
Can people adapt to an “upside-down” world? Why and how?
Perceptual set

How can our perceptual sets influence us?
What determines our perceptual set?
How can contexts influence our perceptions?
What do human factor psychologists do? How do they help us live our daily lives?
Extrasensory perception (ESP)
Parapsychologists
Types of ESP
○ Telepathy
○ Clairvoyance
○ Precognition
○ Psychokinesis
How accurate are psychic visions and premonitions?
Why do people continue to believe in their accuracy?
Do dreams foretell the future?
What is the major difficulty in proving the existence of parapsychology?
Why are so many people predisposed to believe in the existence of ESP?