The Height of Imperialism
World History – Mr. Heaps
Livingstone in Africa
• In 1841, Scottish _______
doctor &
____________
missionary David Livingstone began
to explore central & southern Africa.
• Livingstone’s goal was to find locations
for ___________
Christian _________.
missions
• In Britain, Livingstone’s exploits of
Africa made him a _______.
hero
• Livingstone’s books & lectures about the
_________
beauty of Africa, contradicted what
most people thought of the continent.
• Livingstone tried to persuade Britain to
send _______________
missionaries & ___________
merchants
to Africa as to civilize the continent.
Imperialism
•
In the 19th century, European nations began
African & ________
Asian
to view ________
societies as
the following:
raw ________.
materials
1. A source of industrial _____
market for Western manufactured goods.
2. A ________
•
Instead of cloves, pepper, tea, & silk,
European factories were sent to Africa &
oil
tin
rubber & other
Asia for ______,
______,
_______,
industrial resources.
Imperialism
• European states began an
intense scramble for
territories
overseas ___________.
• Imperialism – The
extension of one nation’s
power over other lands.
_______
• Instead of setting up
trading posts, “new
imperialist” European
nations sought ______
direct
control over vast
________
territories.
Reasons for Imperialism
1. As European affairs grew tense, states sought to
acquire colonies in order to gain an ___________
advantage
over their ________.
rivals
2. Colonies were a source of national __________.
prestige
According to Social Darwinists, nations that did not
set their mark upon “barbarian lands” were not
considered _____
fit or ____________.
victorious
3. Some European _______
races saw themselves as
superior and other races as __________.
inferior
4. Some Europeans felt they had a moral
civilize
responsibility to ___________
primitive people.
white man’s burden
This was known as the “____________________.”
Chart & Geography Skills
• Look at the map of Europe in 1900 on page 405 and
the chart on page 430. Name 3 European countries
that did not try to take control of territories in Asia or
Africa. Switz., Aust.-Hung., Russia, Sweden, Norway
• Study the map on page 431. Which two European
nations had the most territory in southeast Asia in
1900? The Netherlands (Dutch) & Great Britain
• On the map on page 431, Thailand is located
between possessions owned by ________
Britain &
France
_______.
What status did these two countries
agree to leave Thailand as? (p. 432) As a buffer state
• What raw materials did the Philippines provide the
united States? Timber, sugar, coffee
Colonial Takeover in SE Asia
• In 1800, only the Spanish _________
Philippinesand the Dutch
___________
East Indies were ruled by Europeans.
Western rule.
• By 1900, the entire area was under ___________
British Empire in 1900
By 1900, Great Britain was the greatest
Imperial power in the world.
Great Britain in SE Asia
• Sir Thomas Stamford
Raffles of Great Britain
established the colony of
_________
Singapore on a small
island off the coast of the
________
Malay Peninsula.
• In the new age of
steamships, Singapore,
aka the “city of the
______”,
was a major
Lion
stopping point for traffic
going to and from
China
_________.
British Colonial Rule in SE Asia
• Britain also advanced
into SE Asia into the
kingdom of ________,
Burma
present day Myanmar.
Britain wanted control
of Burma in order to
protect its possessions
in India.
• Britain also sought a
land route through
Burma into South
China
________.
France in SE Asia
British advancement
• To stop ________
into Vietnam, France forced the
Vietnamese in 1857 to accept
French protection.
• France made the Vietnamese
Empire a French ____________.
protectorate
• By 1887, France extended its
colonial power over Vietnam,
Cambodia, Annam, Tonkin, &
Laos, into a Union of French
_____________.
Indochina
Thailand - The Exception
• Imperial rivalry between
Britain & _______
France threatened
_______
to place Thailand (then Siam)
under colonial rule.
• Rulers of Siam, ______
King
_________
Mongkut and his son, were
able to resist colonial rule by
maintaining friendly relations
with European powers.
• Britain and France agreed to
maintain Thailand as an
buffer state
independent ________
between their SE Asian
possessions.
THAILAND
United States in SE Asia
•
George ________defeated
Dewey
After Commodore _______
the
Spanish fleet in Manila Bay in 1898, President William
Philippines into a U.S.
McKinley decide to turn the _____________
colony for two reasons:
1. To prevent the area from falling into the hands of
________.
Japan
2. The islands were a convenient jumping-off point for trade
China
with _________.
•
Emilio ___________,
Aguinaldo a leader for independence in
________
the Philippines, led a revolt against the Spanish in the
Philippines and established himself as the president of
the Republic of the Philippines. He continued the revolt
against the U.S. but was ultimately defeated.
See Video Clip
Indirect v. Direct Rule
• Western imperial powers governed their colonial
possessions by either direct or indirect rule.
natural
• Their purpose was to exploit the _________
__________
resources of these lands and open new _______.
markets
– _________
Indirect Rule – allowed local rulers to maintain
authority and _______.
status
their positions of ________
It had
less effect on local culture and lowered the cost of
government.
Direct
– _________
Rule – used when local elites resisted
foreign conquest. ________
Locals were removed from
power & replaced with a new set of officials from
the ________
mother country.
Colonial Economies
• Colonial governments did not want their colonies to
develop their own __________.
industries
– Reason 1: They wanted their colonies to supply the
raw __________.
materials
mother country with ______
– Reason 2: They wanted their colonies to serves as
markets for their manufactured goods.
__________
• In many cases some form of ____________
plantation system was
used in which peasants
________ worked as wage laborers on
plantations owned by foreign investors.
poverty level
• Plantation owners often kept wages at _________
as to increase their profits.
unhealthy plantation
• Thousands died because of _________
conditions
Major exports from SE Asia
Teak wood
• Burma - ____________
• Malaya - _______________
Rubber & Tin
Spices, tea, coffee, palm oil
• East Indies - ______________________
• Philippines - ___________
sugar
Benefits of Colonial Rule
• Colonial rule led to the beginnings of a modern
economic system.
___________
railroads &
• Colonial governments built _________
_________
highways that could benefit native people as
well as colonials.
• The development of an export market led to the
creation of a new class of entrepreneurs
___________ in rural
areas.
Resistance to Western Domination
•
Resistance to Colonial rule occurred in three
areas:
ruling
1. Resistance from the existing __________
class.
peasant revolts,
2. Resistance in the form of _________
because of being driven off their lands to make
way for plantation agriculture.
3. Resistance based on the force of
nationalism
urban
middle
______________
from a new ______-________
class that had been created by colonial rule and
educated in _________-style
schools.
Western