Chapter 14 – The
Height of Imperialism
Section 1 – Colonial Rule in
Southeast Asia
Chapter 14 Outline
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All about colonies and imperialism by Europe
to 4 different places
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Section 1:
Section 2:
Section 3:
Section 4:
Southeast Asia
Africa
India
Latin America
Key Terms
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Imperialism – The extension of a nation’s
power over other lands
Protectorate – A political unit that depends on
another govt. for its protection
Indirect rule – Colonial govt. in which local
rulers are allowed to maintain power/status
Direct rule – Colonial govt. in which local elites
are removed from power & replaced by people
from the mother country
The New Imperialism
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Started in 1800s
WHY start expanding to Southeast Asia (SEA)?
2 reasons – raw goods and markets
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New way to build empires = abroad
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Raw goods = rubber, oil, tin, etc.
Markets = people to sell manufactured goods to
A new version of a very old idea
A race for power in Europe
How would Social Darwinism/Racism play in?
A hidden 3rd reason – religion/humanitarianism
Colonial Takeover in S.E.A.
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Gradualness (something we can learn
from today!)
GB
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1: Base on Singapore for steamships going to China
2: Burma (Myanmar) as a buffer for India
France
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1: Missionaries to Vietnam, which becomes a French
protectorate
2: 1880s, Laos, Tonkin, Annam, & Cambodia
The U.S.A.
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Spanish-American War
President: William McKinley – turns Spanish
Philippines into U.S. colony
Emilio Aguinaldo led independence movement, but
lost
125 years later…here we were…
Had we learned nothing from England???
Types of Colonial Regimes in
S.E.A.
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Indirect rule: Convenient & cheap, but
impossible when locals refused to accept
colonial rule
Direct rule: more tyrannical, but sometimes
necessary
Colonial Economies
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Remember: markets and raw goods
Export-based economies
Plantations with locals as slaves with high
taxes from mother country (USA under
England example)
The Exception - Thailand
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Siam = only free state in S.E.A.
Thanks to King Mongkut and his son, King
Chulalongkorn
Appeased West, so never taken over
Resistance to Colonial Rule
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Peasant revolts (remember Aguinaldo??)
Nationalism
All in all, it was the SAME OLD STORY!
Different place, different time, same problems
This is a persistent issue in history