© C. Muhlstein, 2007
MATSE 259 Spring 2007, C. Muhlstein
MATSE 259
Properties and Processing
of Engineering Materials
Christopher L. Muhlstein, Ph.D.
Department of Materials Science and Engineering
The Pennsylvania State University
University Park, PA
The contents of this lecture are protected under U.S. copyright law and should not be duplicated or redistributed for commercial purposes.
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© C. Muhlstein, 2007
MATSE 259 Spring 2007, C. Muhlstein
Today’s Lecture
• Administrative issues (syllabus, etc.)
• Introduction to materials engineering
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© C. Muhlstein, 2007
MATSE 259 Spring 2007, C. Muhlstein
Instructor and TAs
• Instructor: E. Ryba
– e-mail: ryba@ems.psu.edu
– Office: 122 Steidle Bldg.
– Office Hours: by appt.
• TA: Youngho Jin
– e-mail: yuj107@psu.edu
– Office: 225 Steidle Bldg.
– Office Hours: Wed. 1:303:30PM
I will be teaching this
course through 1/26/07
(when Prof. Ryba is back
from China).
• TA: Sameet Nabar
– e-mail: ssn116@psu.edu
– Office: 211 Steidle Bldg.
– Office Hours: Mon. 10AM-12
noon
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© C. Muhlstein, 2007
MATSE 259 Spring 2007, C. Muhlstein
Important Information
• Meeting time and place
– 12:20 PM – 1:10 PM, 121 Sparks
• Textbook (recommended)
– W.D. Callister, Materials Science and
Engineering: An Introduction, 6th ed.
• Prerequisites
– E MCH 13 or E MCH 210
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© C. Muhlstein, 2007
MATSE 259 Spring 2007, C. Muhlstein
Administrative Issues
• http://www.ems.psu.edu/~ryba/
coursework/259/matse%20259.html
– For the syllabus, lecture slides, announcements, example
problems, etc.
• Academic integrity
– This course adopts the College of Earth and Mineral
Science’s academic integrity policy as detailed at:
http://www.ems.psu.edu/students/integrity/index.html.
– Sanctions for violating the academic integrity policy will be
enforced.
• Special needs
– If you anticipate needing any type of accommodation in
this course or have questions about physical access, please
tell the instructor as soon as possible.
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© C. Muhlstein, 2007
MATSE 259 Spring 2007, C. Muhlstein
Administrative Issues
• Assessment tools
– Four exams (each 25% of final grade)
• First three outside of class 6:30-7:45PM
• Last exam during class
• See web site for dates
• Example Problems
– Problems and solutions posted on class web site
– No graded homework
• Make up policy
– You must contact the the instructor in advance of
the exam
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© C. Muhlstein, 2007
MATSE 259 Spring 2007, C. Muhlstein
Administrative Issues
• See web site for
– Course objectives
– Course outcomes
– Relevant book sections
• Lecture Slides on web site
– These slides are not “lecture notes”
– Posted slides are provided to facilitate the note taking
process
– Posted slides are not a substitute for your own, handwritten
notes or for attending lecture
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© C. Muhlstein, 2007
MATSE 259 Spring 2007, C. Muhlstein
Materials and Engineering
•
•
•
•
What is engineering?
What is materials engineering?
Why should you care about this class?
What can we learn about engineering from
materials-related failures?
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© C. Muhlstein, 2007
MATSE 259 Spring 2007, C. Muhlstein
Engineering Design and Failure
• Aloha Airlines 243 (4/28/1988)
• 1 killed
• Stress corrosion cracking/corrosion
fatigue failure of structural aluminum
after 89,680 flight cycles
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© C. Muhlstein, 2007
MATSE 259 Spring 2007, C. Muhlstein
Engineering Design and Failure
• Kansas City Hyatt Regency
Bridge Collapse in Kansas
City, MO (7/1981)
• 114 killed, over 200 injured
• Structural steel design error
Scene after collapse
Deformed 4th floor box beam
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© C. Muhlstein, 2007
MATSE 259 Spring 2007, C. Muhlstein
Engineering Design and Failure
James Rajotte, The Digital Collegian 9/4/2002
• Pepper Mill (9/3/2002)
• No fatalities
• Pepper Mill Condominiums,
710 S. Atherton St., State
College, PA
• Under investigation
Scene after collapse.
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© C. Muhlstein, 2007
MATSE 259 Spring 2007, C. Muhlstein
Lecture 1: Key Concepts and References
• Six different property classifications of
materials that determine their applicability
• The three primary classifications of materials
• The four components of materials engineering
and their interrelationships
• Steel designations
• Read in Callister:
– sects. 3.12, 4.3, 5.1
– pps. 261-262
– start chapter 6
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© C. Muhlstein, 2007
MATSE 259 Spring 2007, C. Muhlstein
Engineering Properties of Materials
What are some
general categories
of properties of
engineering
materials?
•
•
•
•
•
•
Mechanical
Electrical
Thermal
Magnetic
Optical
Deteriorative
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© C. Muhlstein, 2007
MATSE 259 Spring 2007, C. Muhlstein
Components of Materials Engineering
• Materials science is the study of the
relationships between the structures and
properties of materials
• Materials engineering is the design or
engineering of a material to produce the
desired properties
• Components of materials engineering:
Callister, Materials Science and Engineering:
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An Introduction (2003)
© C. Muhlstein, 2007
MATSE 259 Spring 2007, C. Muhlstein
Fundamental Principle of MATSE
• Structure, processing, and properties are
interrelated
Structure
Processing
Properties
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© C. Muhlstein, 2007
MATSE 259 Spring 2007, C. Muhlstein
What’s in a rug?
• What is it, and what is
its function?
• What is it made from?
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© C. Muhlstein, 2007
MATSE 259 Spring 2007, C. Muhlstein
The Periodic Table
Callister, Materials Science and Engineering:
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An Introduction (2003)
© C. Muhlstein, 2007
MATSE 259 Spring 2007, C. Muhlstein
Primary Classes of Materials
1. Metals (e.g. aluminum, iron, and titanium)
2. Ceramics (e.g. Al2O3, Fe3C, and SiC)
3. Polymers (e.g. acrylic, polyethylene, and
nylon)
•
Other “classes”
–
–
Composites
Semiconductors (e.g. silicon, germanium, and
SiC)
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© C. Muhlstein, 2007
MATSE 259 Spring 2007, C. Muhlstein
Metals, Ceramics, and Polymers
• Composition
• Structure/Bonding
• Properties
Callister, Materials Science and Engineering:
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An Introduction (2003)
© C. Muhlstein, 2007
MATSE 259 Spring 2007, C. Muhlstein
Is this your design?
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© C. Muhlstein, 2007
MATSE 259 Spring 2007, C. Muhlstein
Looks like a materials problem!
What is
the
material?
The contents of this lecture are protected under U.S. copyright law and should not be duplicated or redistributed for commercial purposes.
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© C. Muhlstein, 2007
MATSE 259 Spring 2007, C. Muhlstein
Types of Steels
1005 1006 1008
1018
1019
1030
1034
1035
1046
1050
1060
1095
1108
1116
1144 1211
4012 1330
4032 4037
4145 4147
4427 4615
4820 5046
1009
1020
1010
1021
1012
1022
1015
1023
1016
1025
1017
1026
1038
1039
1040
1044
1044
1045
1064
1065
1070
1074
1080
1090
1117
1212
1335
4042
4150
4620
5060
1118
1213
1340
4047
4161
4626
5120
1119
1215
1345
4118
4419
4718
5130
1132
1547
4023
4130
4320
4720
5132
1137
1548
4027
4140
4340
4815
1141
3140
4028
4142
4422
4817
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© C. Muhlstein, 2007
MATSE 259 Spring 2007, C. Muhlstein
Low and Medium Carbon Steel Nomenclature
• Four digit number
– First two give alloy
– Second two give wt%
carbon  100
– UNS number starts
with G
• Some alloy types
– 10XX, plain carbon
– 41XX, Cr + Mo
– 43XX, Ni + Cr + Mo
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© C. Muhlstein, 2007
MATSE 259 Spring 2007, C. Muhlstein
Tool and Stainless Steel Nomenclature
• Tool steels
– High carbon content (0.6-1.4 wt. %)
– AISI code denoted by letter+number
• e.g. M1, A2, etc.
– UNS number starts with T
• Stainless steels
–
–
–
–
–
>11 wt. % Cr
3XX series, austenitic
4XX series, ferritic and martensitic
XX-XPH, precipitation hardened
UNS number starts with S
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© C. Muhlstein, 2007
MATSE 259 Spring 2007, C. Muhlstein
Does it matter?
• Properties of hot rolled and
normalized steels
Type
1020
1030
1040
1050
1060
1080
Tensile strength
64.0 ksi
75.5 ksi
85.5 ksi
108.5 ksi
112.5 ksi
146.5 ksi
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© C. Muhlstein, 2007
MATSE 259 Spring 2007, C. Muhlstein
How else can steel properties be changed?
Steel
Tensile strength
1040 hot rolled and normalized
86 ksi
1040 quenched and tempered at 400 F
130 ksi
8640 quenched and tempered at 400 F
270 ksi
(8640: Fe - 0.5%Cr - 0.5%Ni - 0.2%Mo - 0.4%C)
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© C. Muhlstein, 2007
MATSE 259 Spring 2007, C. Muhlstein
Tensile Behavior of Steels
• Features
–
–
–
–
Elastic response
Yielding behavior
Ultimate strength
Failure
• Influence of alloy
chemistry
Popov, Engineering Mechanics of Solids
(1991)
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© C. Muhlstein, 2007
MATSE 259 Spring 2007, C. Muhlstein
What do these things do in steels?
Change C content
Mechanical work
Change “structure”
Heat treat
Alloying elements
Changing structure changes properties
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