Gabriel Krotkov
Latin Notes
VIII. Adjectives
2/14/14
A. Noun-adjective agreement
1. Agree in
a. Gender
b. Number
c. Case
d. Not declension
2. Declension differences
a. For adjectives of the first and second declensions, the masculine follows
the second declension masculine, the feminine follows the first declension feminine,
and the neuter follows the neuter of the second conjugation
b. For adjectives of the third declension, all genders follow the third
declension, because the third declension has all genders.
i. Quirk of third declension, third declension masculine nominative
adjectives that end in “-er” drop the “e” in all other forms.
B. Emphasis
1. Adjective will usually follow its noun, but for emphasis, an adjective may
precede the noun.
C. Degrees of adjectives
1. Positive
a. Gives the lightest sense of the adjective
b. It simply notes that someone is one side of the spectrum of the adjective
c. “Regular adjective”
2. Comparative
a. Something that is greater than positive, lesser than superlative
b. Greater than something
c. Most “compare” duh.
3. Superlative
a. The greatest degree of adjective
b. Cannot be superseced
D. Forming Comparative Adjectives
1. Take stem
2. Add “-ior” for masculine or feminine
3. Add “-ius” for neuter
4. Add 3rd declension noun endings
E. Forming suplerlative
1. Take stem
2. Add “-issimus”
3. Exceptions
a. 1+2 declension ending in “-er”
i. “-rimus”
b. 3rd declension ending in “-lis”
i. “-limus”
ii. Difficilis
Similis
Dissimilis
Gacilis
Humilis
Facilis
Dissimilis
F. Indefinate Adjectives
1. Translation
a. Singular: Some
b. Plural: Some
2. Latin Grammar
a. Agrees with noun in gender, number, and case.
b. Relative pronoun form from gender, number, and case + “-dam”
c. Interior ending reveals agreement
3. Example
a. Quosdam senatores – masculine, pl, accusative
b. os agrees with es
c. dam can be deceptive, it is not accusative singular feminine!
G. Interrogative Adjectives
1. Similarities to interrogative pronoun
a. Both begin sentances
b. Both interrogatives introduce a question
c. Plurals are identical to Relative Pronoun
2. Differences from Interrogative pronoun
a. Pronoun stands alone, adjective needs something to modify
b. Because the pronoun has masculine and feminine forms combined, it has
10 forms to the adjective’s 15 forms.
c.