Matter and Measurement Mrs. Alvarez 9/2013 Definition: Mass per unit volume of a substance Formula: D = m/V ; units: g/mL, g/cm3, kg/L Sample Problem A piece of copper has a mass of 57.54 g. It is 9.36 cm long, 7.23 cm wide, and 0.95 mm thick. Calculate density (g/cm3). Strategy 1. Get dimensions in common units. m = 57.54 g L = 9.36 cm W = 7.23 cm Thickness (Height) = 0.95 mm = 0.095 cm 2. Calculate volume in cubic centimeters. V = LxWxH = (9.36 cm)(7.23 cm)(0.095 cm) = 3. Calculate the density. D = m/V sig figs Be sure to check 2. Use of density as a conversion factor: Sample Problem: Mercury (Hg) has a density of 13.6 g/cm3. What is the mass of 95 mL of Hg in grams? In pounds? First, note that 1 cm3 = 1 mL Strategy 1.Use density as a conversion factor to calculate mass (g) from volume. 2.Convert mass (g) to mass (lb) Need to know conversion factor; 454 g = 1 lb Density of water changes with temperature – why? Intensive property - is a physical property of matter that does not depend on the system size or the amount of material in the system Examples: density, color hardness, melting point, boiling point Extensive property – any property that depends on the size of the system. A property that changes as the amount of matter changes. Examples: mass, volume, temperature, energy released/absorbed State of matter: gas, liquid, solid Kinetic Molecular Theory: A theory of the behavior of matter at the molecular level Kinetic Energy: The energy of a moving object, dependent on its mass and velocity K.E. = 1/2mv2 Matter has both Macroscopic –measurable and observable to the naked eye Macroscopic properties - color, length Submicroscopic or particulate –not measurable with a microscope Particle size, chemical bond length 3 examples 2 forms of energy Is energy a form of matter Symbolic level Measurement System – in summer work ◦ Length base unit – meter Conversions: 2.54 cm = 1 inch ◦ Mass base unit – kilogram Conversions: 453.5 g = 1 pound (only on earth!) ◦ Time base unit – second Conversions: 1 hour = 60 minutes; 1 minute= 60 seconds (NOTE THESE ARE EXACT NUMBERS) We did this - you tell me! ◦ Volume – A problem solving method – ◦ Example: how many seconds in a day ?? ◦ 1 day 24 hours 1 day 60 min 1 hour 60 sec = 1 min Find the surface area of a room 20 feet by 12 feet in square meters. ( Use 2.54 cm = 1 inch) Using density as a conversion – What is the mass of a gold cube with 2 inch sides? (density of gold =19.3 g/cm3) Hint: need volume in cubic centimeters - Accurate – close to the true value Precision – reproducibility of the measurement Percent Error: State the problem ◦ Organize the information ◦ Determine what you know & what you need to know Determine the strategy ◦ May stem from prior knowledge Write down each step ◦ NO WORK NO CREDIT!! Check your answer ◦ Is it reasonable???? Chapter 1 ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ Density p. 39 # 21, 23, 25, 55, 57 Unit Conversions p. 40 31, 33, 35, 37, 53, 59 Problem solving p. 40 45, 47, 49, 61, 63, 77 Dimensional Analysis Worksheets Sig fig review worksheet