c h a p t er
14
Education
Sociology Now
1st Edition (Brief)
Kimmel/Aronson
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The Sociology of Education
• Education as Social Institution
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education
manifest versus latent functions
hidden curriculum
credential society
• The History of Education
– most of human history – no schools
– “reading, writing, and arithmetic”
– 1918: mandatory education law
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Education and Globalization
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Education and Globalization
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practical knowledge - traditional tasks
global inequity in educational opportunity
family back ground
illiteracy rates
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Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2009
Education and Globalization
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Education and Globalization
• Intelligence(s) and Literacy
– The I.Q. score: being “smart” versus success in
school
• bias of educational system
• social and cultural differences
– eight types of intelligence (Gardner)
• Cultural Literacy
– Hirsch
– scientific literacy
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2009
Education and Globalization
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Education and Inequality
• Education and Mobility
– social mobility
– creation of social inequalities
– hidden curriculum
• learned social roles
• dominant and subordinate
• gender and racial hierarchies
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Education and Inequality
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Education and Inequality
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Education and Inequality
• Inequality and the Structure of
Education
– Private versus Public Schools
– Wealthy versus Poor School
Districts
– Racial Segregation
• segregation
• integration
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Education and Inequality
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Education and Inequality
• Bilingual Education
– Bilingual Education Act of 1968
• equal access
• rectify language deficiency
• Tracking
– tracking
– self-fulfilling prophecy (Merton)
– reinforces inequality
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Education and Inequality
• Schooling for Gender Identity
and Inequality
– “Math class is tough!” – Barbie
– gender stereotypes
– Title IX legislation
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Education and Inequality
• School Reform
• Privatization
– voucher system
– charter schools
• Homeschooling
– response to concerns about the
environment of traditional schools
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Education and Inequality
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Education and Inequality
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Education and Inequality
• No Child Left Behind
– 670-page law outlines a top-down
approach to school performance
• competency testing
• tuition assistance
• every child should learn to read and write
English by end of 3rd grade
– highly controversial
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The Sociology of Higher Education
“[Higher education] . . . is not merely a matter if intellectual
interests: Today, people need bachelor’s degrees, and sometimes master’s degrees, to get a job that would have required
a high school diploma less than 50 years ago”
• Preparing for College
– low student readiness/achievement
– little over 50% of college students earn
a bachelor’s within six years of
enrolling
– tests scores holding steady since
1970s
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The Sociology of Higher Education
• Higher Education and
Inequality
– high school graduation rim of
funnel of educational privilege
– class barrier increasing
– high tuition and scholarships: being
smart is not a replacement for
having money
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The Sociology of Higher Education
• Student Life
– different cultures
• professional/academic
• social: drinking, partying, etc.
– pursuit of “fun” (Moffatt)
– lack of free time (Small)
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Education, Inc.
• For-Profit Universities
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a.k.a. proprietary
market niche
University of Phoenix
separation and (or) elimination of
other dimensions of higher
education
• no labs
• no research
• no tenure or other forms of academic
freedom
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Education, Inc.
• The Marketization of
Higher Education
– state-supported versus
state-assisted
– “fees”
– declining foreign student
enrollment as a result of
foreign competition
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2009
Education, Inc.
• The Marketization of Higher
Education
– state-supported versus state-assisted
– “fees”
– declining foreign student enrollment
as a result of foreign competition
• McSchool
• Education in the 21st Century
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2009