Name: ______________________
Jefferson Academy
8th Grade Physical Science
Spring Break Packet –M/L
***Due at the beginning of Science class on Monday, April 20th***
Spring Break Packet Checklist
o Have parent read and sign the
informational letter
o Complete the 2 assignments
o Complete the take home test
o Turn in completed packet to Ms.
Hillenbrand on 4/20/15
4/20/15
Dear Jefferson Families,
Your 8th grade student has been studying chemistry and matter interactions in Physical Science class. In between
relaxation and Spring Break fun, all students are to extend their learning by completing the 3 assignments in this packet.
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Assignment 1 (pg. 5-7): 100 point classwork assignment
Assignment 2 (pg. 8): 100 point classwork assignment
Assignment 3 (pg. 9-15): 100 point exam
These assignments are connected to the following 8th Grade Next Generation Science standards:
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MS-PS1-1 Develop models to describe the atomic composition of simple molecules and extended structures.
MS-PS1-2 Analyze and interpret data on the properties of substances before and after the substances interact to
determine if a chemical reaction has occurred.
MS-PS1-5 Develop and use a model to describe how the total number of atoms does not change in a chemical
reaction and thus mass is conserved.
This completed packet will be turned in to me on Monday, April 20th for two classwork grades and an exam grade.
Late packets will lose 10 points every day they are late. The last date students can turn in packets for credit is May
1st. After that students will receive a “0.”
Please sign below to acknowledge that you read this letter and are aware of your student’s assignment. Don’t hesitate
to reach out if you have any questions or concerns.
Have a wonderful spring holiday!
Sincerely,
Ms. Trilby Hillenbrand
trilby.hillenbrand@dc.gov
(315)440-6159
I have read the informational letter, and I am aware of my student’s winter break assignment.
Parent Signature: ____________________________________________________________
Date: _____________________
Suggested Calendar for Completion
 Monday 4/13
o Assignment 1-Read article and complete summary
 Tuesday 4/14
o Assignment 1-Re-read article and answer questions
 Wednesday 4/15
o Complete Assignment #2
 Thursday 4/16
o Assignment 3-Complete questions 1-13
 Friday 4/17
o Assignment 3-Complete questions 14-22
 Monday 4/20
o Packet due to Ms. Hillenbrand
Assignment 1:
Biographies for Kids
Antoine Lavoisier
Adapted from: http://www.ducksters.com/biography/scientists/antoine_lavoisier.php
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Occupation: Chemist
Born: August 26, 1743 in Paris,
France
Died: May 8, 1794 in Paris,
France
Best known for: Founder of
modern chemistry
Biography:
Early Life
Antoine Lavoisier was born in Paris, France on August 26, 1743. He grew up in an aristocratic and
wealthy family. His father was a lawyer and his mother died when he was only five years old.
Antoine discovered his love for science while attending college. However, he initially was going to follow in
his father's footsteps, earning a law degree.
Career
Lavoisier never did practice law because he found science much more interesting. He had inherited a
good deal of money when his mother died and was able to live as a nobleman, pursuing various interests.
Lavoisier worked in various government positions and was elected to the Royal Academy of Science in
1764.
In 1775, Lavoisier set up a laboratory in Paris where he could run experiments. His lab became a
gathering place of scientists. It was in this lab where Lavoisier made many of his important discoveries
in chemistry. Lavoisier considered it important to use experiments, precise measurements, and facts in
science.
The Law of Conservation of Mass
One of the main scientific theories of Lavoisier's time was the phlogiston theory. This theory stated that
fire, or combustion, was made up of an element called phlogiston. Scientists thought that when things
burned they released phlogiston into the air.
Lavoisier disproved the phlogiston theory. He demonstrated that there was an element called oxygen that
played a major role in combustion. He also showed that the mass of products in a reaction are equal to
the mass of the reactants. In other words, no mass is lost in a chemical reaction. This became known as
the Law of Conservation of Mass and is one of the most important and basic laws of modern chemistry
and physics.
The Elements and Chemical Nomenclature
Lavoisier spent a lot of time isolating elements and breaking down chemical compounds. He invented a
system of naming chemical compounds that were made up of multiple elements. Much of his system is
still in use today. He also named the element hydrogen.
Water is a Compound
During his experiments, Lavoisier discovered that water was a compound made of hydrogen and oxygen.
Prior to his discovery, scientists throughout history had thought that water was an element.
The First Chemistry Textbook
In 1789, Lavoisier wrote the Elementary Treatise of Chemistry. This was the first chemistry textbook. The
book contained a list of elements, the most recent theories and laws of chemistry (including the
Conservation of Mass), and refuted the existence of phlogiston.
Death
The French Revolution began in 1789. Lavoisier attempted to remain separate from the revolution, but
because he had worked as a tax collector for the government, he was branded a traitor. On May 8, 1794
he was executed by guillotine. A year and a half after he was killed, the government said he had been
falsely accused.
Interesting Facts about Antoine Lavoisier
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His wife, Marie, played an important role in his research helping to translate English documents to
French so he could study them. She also drew illustrations for his scientific papers.
Lavoisier did experiments with breathing and showed that we breathe in oxygen and breathe out
carbon dioxide.
He worked as commissioner of the French Gunpowder Commission for many years.
One of the elements listed in his textbook was "light."
He demonstrated that sulfur was an element rather than a compound.
Directions: Read the article. Then summarize what you read and answer the comprehension questions
Who: _____________________________________________________________________________________
What:_____________________________________________________________________________________
When: ____________________________________________________________________________________
Where:____________________________________________________________________________________
Why: _____________________________________________________________________________________
How: _____________________________________________________________________________________
Summary: ________________________________________________________________________________________
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1. Why did Lavoisier become a scientist instead of a lawyer? Use evidence from the text to support your answer.
2. One of Lavoisier’s most important ideas is known as the Law of Conservation of Mass. What is the Law of
Conservation of Mass?
3. Why do you think Antoine Lavoisier is best known as the founder of modern chemistry? Use evidence from the
text to support your answer.
Assignment 2:
Conservation of Mass Worksheet
Directions Use the Law of Conservation of Mass to determine the amount of reactants and products that
should be present in each problem.
Law of Conservation of Mass
Mass cannot be created or destroyed, so:
MASS of REACTANTS = MASS of PRODUCTS
Example:
REACTANT(S)
PRODUCT(S)
Sodium
+
Chlorine

Salt
50 g
+
??? g

126 g
How many grams of chlorine reacted?
Answer: 76 g of chlorine reacted, because the mass of the reactants must equal the mass of the products.
50 g + 76 g = 126 g
1. REACTANT(S)
Aluminum
+
20 g
+
Bromide
177 g
PRODUCT(S)

Aluminum Bromide

??? g
How many grams of aluminum bromide were formed? _____________________
2. REACTANT(S)
Water
178.8 g


PRODUCT(S)
Hydrogen
+
20 g
+
Oxygen
??? g
What is the mass of the oxygen gas produced?_____________________________
3. REACTANT(S)
Sodium
+
23 g
+
Chlorine
??? g
PRODUCT(S)

Salt

58.0 g
How many grams of chlorine reacted? ____________________________________
4. REACTANT(S)
Iron
+
10 g
+
Oxygen
??? g
PRODUCT(S)

Rust

18.2 g
How many grams of oxygen reacted? _____________________________________
Assignment 3:
Chemical Reactions Unit Test
Multiple Choice
Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer. (4 points each)
1. The bubbles the form when baking soda and vinegar are mixed are evidence of a(n)
a. Physical change
c. Temperature change
b. Increase in concentration
d. Chemical reaction
2. In a chemical reaction, the starting materials are called the
a. Products
b. Reactants
c. Precipitates
d. Endothermic materials
3. In a chemical reaction, the ending materials are called the
a. Products
b. Reactants
c. Precipitates
d. Endothermic materials
4. In a chemical reaction,
a. The atoms of the reactants stay together to form the products
b. The atoms of the reactants separate, rearrange, and then bond again to form the products
c. New atoms appear and form the products
d. Some atoms disappear and others multiply to form the products
5. Which of the following will increase the speed of a reaction?
a. Breaking solid reactants into smaller pieces
b. Decreasing the temperature
c. Removing a catalyst
d. Decreasing the concentration
6. Near freezing temperatures are important in preserving food because low temperatures
a. Decrease the fat content of food
b. Slow down reactions that cause food to rot
c. Increase the nutritional value of food
d. Speed up the reactions that cause food to rot
7. During a chemical reaction, the total amount of mass present
a. Increases
b. Decreases
8. Which statement agrees with the law of conservation of mass?
a. Mass can be created but not destroyed
b. Mass can be destroyed but not created
c. Mass cannot be created or destroyed
d. Mass can be created and destroyed
c. May increase or decrease
d. Does not change
9. An exothermic reaction is typically marked by a(n)
a. Decrease in concentration
b. Increase in temperature
c. Increase in elements
d. Decrease in catalysts
10. Which of these types of reactions absorbs heat from the surroundings?
a. Combustion
b. Endothermic
c. Exothermic
d. Neutralization
Analyzing Data
Directions: Read each scenario and determine if a chemical reaction occurred or not. Explain your answer. (5 points
each)
Liquid A is added to Liquid B in a beaker. As the liquids mix, a white solid and several bubbles form inside the beaker.
11. Is this a chemical reaction?
_______________________________________________________________
_____________________
How do you know?
_______________________________________________________________
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Your cousin has a piece of play dough. They roll it up into a ball.
12. Is this a chemical reaction?
_______________________________________________________________
_____________________
How do you know?
_______________________________________________________________
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You mix baking soda and vinegar in a cup. You notice that a few seconds later the cup feels very cold.
13. Is this a chemical reaction?
_______________________________________________________________
_____________________
How do you know?
_______________________________________________________________
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Analyzing Data
Directions: Using the equations, answer the following questions. (5 points each)
Reaction A: 2HCl + Zn  H2 + ZnCl
Reaction B: 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy  C6H12O6 + 6O2
14. What are the reactants in Reaction A?
_______________________________________________________________
_____________________
15. What are the products in Reaction A?
_______________________________________________________________
_____________________
16. Where did the atoms come from that make the products in Reaction A?
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
__________________________________________
17. What does the addition of energy tell you about Reaction B?
_______________________________________________________________
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Directions: Using the data table below, answer the following questions. (5 points each)
Two chemicals are mixed in a beaker and a chemical reaction takes place. A thermometer measures the temperature
inside the beaker over time. The data are shown in the table below.
Temperature Over Time
Time (in seconds)
0
10
20
30
40
50
Temperature (in degrees
Celsius)
48
50
51
54
63
90
18. What happened to the temperature of the substance in the beaker from the beginning to the end of 50-second
interval?
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
__________________________________________
19. Is this an endothermic or exothermic reaction? Explain your answer.
_______________________________________________________________
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Constructed Response (7 points each)
20. Look at the list of terms below. Choose 3 terms. Describe how they affect the rate at which a chemical reaction
takes place.
a. Concentration
b. Surface Area
c. Temperature
d. Catalysts
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21. Many chemical reactions appear to use up mass. For example, in a wood fire, the ash left over is less massive
than the wood that burned. Explain the law of conservation of mass. Then explain how it applies to the wood
fire example.
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Bonus Question (10 points)
22. A student wrote down this equation to summarize a chemical reaction between aluminum and oxygen.
Al + O2  Al2 + O3
Complete the chart below to show how many atoms are present on the reactants and products side of the equation.
Number of atoms in the reactants
Aluminum (Al)
Number of atoms in the products
Aluminum (Al)
Oxygen (O)
Oxygen (O)
Total number of
atoms
Total number of
atoms
Does this equation demonstrate the law of conservation of mass? Explain your answer.
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