Chapter 1 Image Slides Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. CHEMISTRY 101 Prof. Mohammed Wazeer Sections 10, 11, and 12 Textbook: Burdge 1stEdition Office Location: Building 4, Room 221 Office Hours: SMW: 8:00-10:00 am or by appointment Office Telephone: 3829 Email: miwazeer@kfupm.edu.sa Grade Distribution • • • • • First Major Second Major Lab work Class work Final Exam • Total 60 60 100 (75%) 80 (65%) 100 15% 15% 25% 20% 25% 400 100% Distribution Class Grade 80 • • • • • 8 Quizzes will be given Take the best 6 for each student Attendance Home Work (WebCT) 60 10 10 Students Responsibilities 1. Read and Study every detail in textbook. 2. Use the internet educational tools provided by Burdge and others. 3. Search for other sources of information: other textbooks and references, internet, etc. 4. Solve homeworks on time (WebCT). Homeworks are NOT enough to get a good grade, 5. students should solve all the problems they can and also old exams. 6.Check www.kfupm.edu.sa/chem/gchem and instructor website http://faculty.kfupm.edu.sa/CHEM/miwazeer/ regularly to get information Instructor’s Role To summarize important points of each chapter. Give directions on how and where to find information. Solve typical problems and give quizzes during recitation. Answer your questions during office hours. In summary, I am a facilitator and NOT a teacher that will feed information in your brains. You are responsible now for your life. Figure 01.03 Figure 1.5: The various parts of the scientific method. Atoms, Molecules, Compounds and Mixtures 3 states of Matter Solid, Liquid and Gas Figure 01.05 Figure 01.06a Figure 01.06b Figure 01.07 Table 01.02 Figure 01.08 Figure 01.09 Table 01.03 Properties of Matter 1. Extensive property – Depends on the amount of matter. Example: mass, volume etc. 2. Intensive property Does not depends on the amount of matter Example: Density, temperature etc. Uncertainty in Measurement • A digit that must be estimated is called uncertain. • A measurement always has some degree of uncertainty. Figure 01.10 Rules for Significant Figures in Mathematical Operations Multiplication and Division: # sig figs in the result equals the number in the least precise measurement used in the calculation. 6.38 X 2.0 = 12.76 → 13 (2 sig figs) • Addition and Subtraction: # sig figs in the result equals the number of decimal places in the least precise measurement. 6.8 + 11.934 = 18.734 • 18.734 18.7 (3 sig figs) • Sample problem 1.5 a. 317.5 mL + 0.675 mL 318.175 mL round to 318.2 mL b. 47.80 - 2.075 45.725 round to 45.73 c. 13.5g/ 45.18 L = 0.2988047 round to 0.299 g/L S.P. 1.5 contd d. 6.25 cm x 1.175 cm = 7.34375 cm2 round to 7.34 cm2 e. 5.46 x 102 g +49.91 x 102 g 55.37 x 102 g 5.537 x 103 g • Examples 1. 0.355 +105.1 -100.5820 • 4.8730 → 4.9 2. 4.562 x 3.99870 / (452.6755 – 452.33) • 0.3455 • 52.79904 → 2 sig fig • 53 Precision and Accuracy Accuracy refers to the agreement of a particular value with the true value. Precision refers to the degree of agreement among several elements of the same quantity. Figure 01.11 The results of several dart throws show the difference between precise and accurate. Figure 01.12 The three major temperature scales Normal body temperature on the Fahrenheit, Celsius, and Kelvin scales TEMPERATURE CONVERSION TK = TC + 273.15 TF = TC x 9oF/5oC + 32 F Dimensional Analysis 1m = 100 cm; this can be written as 100 cm 1m 1 inch = 2.54 cm 1 inch or 2.54 cm 2.54 cm 1 inch Convert 12.00 in into m 12.00 in x 2.54 cm x 1 m 1 in 100 cm or = 0.3048 m 1m 100 cm • Sample problem 1.7 convert 2400 mg into pounds (lb) 1 lb = 453.6 g. Sample problem 1.8 convert 5.2 L into m3 Ethylene glycol is the main component in the automobile antifreeze. Device a new temperature scale where M.P. -45 oC is taken as 0 oA and B.P. 115 oC is taken as 100 oA. What is the temperature in oC when this thermometer reads 86 oA? 100 oA 86 oA 115 oC 100 oA = 160 oC ? 86 oA x 160 oC = 137. 6 oC 100 oA 0oA -45 oC 137.6 oC - 45 oC = 92.6 oC = 93 oC Text Figure 01.06 TABLES Table 01.01