The Revolutionary War & the
War of 1812
AHSGE Social Studies Review

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Guerilla war tactics- hit and run attacks
Nationalism- pride in and devotion to one’s country
Embargo- ban on trade with another country
Impressment- act of seizing men from a ship or village and forcing them to serve in the navy

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Unalienable- given at birth
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Colonialism- the system or policy by which a country maintains foreign colonies, especially in order to exploit them economically
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Monopoly- complete control of a certain market; a market in which there is one supplier (no competition)

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Writs of assistancelegal documents that allowed British customs officers to search for illegal goods without an owner’s permission
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Minutemen- volunteers who trained to fight the British

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Navigation Act of 1651- only English ships could carry goods to and from the colonies; passed to stop Dutch trading in the English colonies
Navigation Act of 1696- allowed customs officials to seize any unlawfully shipped goods and required that merchants accused of smuggling to be tried without a jury (colonists would not convict the merchants).

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George III- became king of Britain and tried to gain more control over colonial trade
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Issued writs of assistance

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James Otis
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Lawyer representing Boston merchants who had their businesses searched
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Defended the rights of merchants
Brought important leaders into a larger discussion about personal liberties.

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French and Indian War- conflict between France and Britain in North
America 1754- 1763
Seven Years’ War- European name for the French and Indian War
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The Iroquois Confederacy joined Britain and the colonists
Algonquin and Huron joined the side of the
French

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Proclamation of 1763- British informed settlers they could not move west because the colonies had to respect the rights of the Native American nations.

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The colonists were not allowed representatives in without their consent.
the British
Parliament, so each tax became law
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The Sugar Act- lowered the tax on molasses, but British troops strictly enforced this new tax.

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Stamp Act- created a tax on all paper items
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Sons of Liberty- secret group of colonists who boycotted British goods
Daughters of Liberty- weaved their own cloth so they would not have to buy it from Britain
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Stamp Act was repealed in 1766.

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Townshend Acts- established a tax on all imported glass, paper, lead, and tea sold in the colonies
British soldiers searched homes, businesses, and ships to make sure colonists had paid the tax on these items

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Boston Massacre- British soldiers shot five men in Boston, March 5, 1770
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Crispus Attucks- a free black sailor killed in the Boston Massacre
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Britain removed all taxes with the exception of the tax on tea to try and settle the colonial unrest.
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Colonists boycotted the tea.

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Boston Tea Party- December 16, 1773, some Sons of Liberty dressed as Native
Americans and threw tea into Boston
Harbor in protest of the tax on tea
Samuel Adams- led the Boston Tea
Party
Intolerable Acts- laws passed in
Parliament to punish colonists for
Boston Tea Party

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Patrick Henry- burgess from Virginia, gave the famous “Give me liberty or give me death!” speech
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Paul Revere- rode from Boston to
Concord to warn the patriots that the
British were coming (British were in route to confiscate the colonists’ guns.)

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Battle of Lexington and Concordbegan the Revolutionary War
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John Adams- called for independence even if it meant going to war with
Britain
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Second Continental Congress- drafted the Olive Branch Petition to King
George III

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Prohibitory Act
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Declared colonists were in a state of rebellion
Empowered royal officers and loyal subjects to “bring the traitors to justice”

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Written by Thomas Jefferson
Became the foundation for a new
American government.
Principles:
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All men are created equal
All people have certain unalienable rights
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Government exists only by the consent of the governed
Government must be changed if it becomes unjust

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The Continental Congress named him
Commander of the Continental Army
He trained troops to fight the Revolutionary
War at valley Forge
Later served as the first President of the
United States

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Battle of Bunker Hill- British suffered heavy casualties even though Patriots ran out of ammunition
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Battle of Saratoga-
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British General Burgoyne surrendered his
5700 troops to the Patriots
France decided to join the fight for the colonists independence from Britain

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Battle of Cowpens- Nathaniel Greene led Patriot forces to victory over the
British in South Carolina.
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Battle of Yorktown- French naval and army forces joined Washington at
Yorktown to give a final blow to the
British war effort.
British General
Cornwallis surrendered.

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Britain recognized the independence of the United States as well as the border of the new nation
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The border extended to Canada in the north, to the Mississippi River in the west, to the northern border of Spanish
Florida in the south, and to the Atlantic
Ocean in the east.

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Shawnee leader who organized Native
American tribes to fight with the British in case of war with the US
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He was angry because settlers wanting to move west had been tricking or forcing Native Americans off their land.

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The War of 1812- war from 1812- 1815 between the US and Britain with Native
Americans helping on both sides
Causes of the war
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Impressment of US sailors by the British and the
French
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Napoleon agreed to stop conscripting US sailors for the French navy
War hawks wanted to expand territory into
Canada and Spanish Florida (British ally)

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Battle of Horseshoe Bend-
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Andrew Jackson, with the help of the Cherokee nation, defeated the Creeks (Allies of
Tecumseh).
Creeks gave up much of their land (present day
AL and GA).
Battle of Ft. McHenry-
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The British attacked here, but were defeated.
Francis Scott Key wrote “The Star Spangled
Banner” from the Baltimore Harbor the morning after the British bombardment.

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The Treaty of Ghent-
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The US and Great Britain negotiated to end the war.
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Battle of New Orleans-
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Andrew Jackson led the US troops against
British troops
The US suffered 71 casualties while the
British suffered over 2000 casualties

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Consequences of the War
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The US and Britain agreed to return their land boundaries to pre-war agreements
Other European nations recognized the rights of the US as a nation
Strong feelings of nationalism developed after the Battle of New Orleans
Manufacturing industry grew in the US
Congress passed the Tariff Act of 1816 to protect domestic industries from foreign competition