Animal Disease Emergencies
Local Response
Preparedness and Planning
Emergency Responders
Note to Presenter
The following presentation provides an
overview of animal disease emergency
preparedness, prevention, response and
recovery measures.
• Supplemental PowerPoints on each topic
are available for inclusion into this
presentation or for stand alone
presentations, depending on time allotted
and interest of the audience.
•
HLSEM, IDALS, CFSPH
Ag Emergency Local Response Preparedness, 2008
Overview
•
•
•
•
•
What are animal disease
emergencies
Who may be involved
What to expect
Importance of preparing
at the local level
How you can prepare
HLSEM, IDALS, CFSPH
Ag Emergency Local Response Preparedness, 2008
Preparing and Responding to
an Animal Disease Emergency
Prepare
• Identify
• Local
stakeholders and resources in community
plan development
• Practice:
• Animal
Prevent
Table tops, functional exercises
ID and Premises ID
•Awareness
and education
•Biosecurity
Respond
• Detection/diagnosis;
surveillance
• Contain:
Quarantine, isolation, stop movements;
biosecurity
• Control:
Depopulation and disposal, vaccination,
cleaning and disinfection
Recover
•Indemnity
•Business
HLSEM, IDALS, CFSPH
continuity
Ag Emergency Local Response Preparedness, 2008
Animal Disease Emergencies
•
What are they?
Affect large numbers
of livestock
– Highly contagious/
easily spread
– Animal health impact
– Economic
consequences
– Human health impact
–
HLSEM, IDALS, CFSPH
•
How do they
occur?
– Intentional or
accidental
introduction of
foreign disease
agents
–
Emerging or
re-emerging
diseases
Ag Emergency Local Response Preparedness, 2008
Diseases of
High
Consequence
International,
U.S. and
Iowa
HLSEM, IDALS, CFSPH
Ag Emergency Local Response Preparedness, 2008
Importance of Agriculture
Value of Agricultural Products
U.S.
Animal Number
Cattle
Pigs
~95
million
~61
million
Poultry
(layers)
338
million
Sheep
6 million
HLSEM, IDALS, CFSPH
(2005)
Value
~$70.5
billion
~$4.5
billion
~$1
billion
~$600
million
Iowa
Number
~4
million
~17
million
~55
million
235,000
(2006)
Value
~$2.5
billion
~$4
billion
$407
million
(eggs)
~$33
million
Ag Emergency Local Response Preparedness, 2008
Iowa Agriculture, 2006
Farms 88,600
HLSEM, IDALS, CFSPH
#1
Pork, eggs, corn, soybeans
#2
Red meat production
$6.5 billion pounds
National exports
$4 billion
#3
Total cash receipts
$14.8 billion
Ag Emergency Local Response Preparedness, 2008
Food Production Changes
•
•
•
Number of farms decreasing
Animal numbers rising on some farms
Opportunities
Increasing intensity/specialization
– Efficient food source: U.S. and world
–
•
Challenges
Disease control and eradication
– Devastating economic effects
–
HLSEM, IDALS, CFSPH
Ag Emergency Local Response Preparedness, 2008
Impact of Animal Disease
•
Animal Health
–
•
Death, illness, loss of production
Economics
Loss or disruption of trade
– Loss of consumer confidence
– Movement restrictions
–
•
Human Health
Zoonoses
– Mental health
–
HLSEM, IDALS, CFSPH
Ag Emergency Local Response Preparedness, 2008
Vulnerabilities
High density husbandry
• Mixing at auction markets
or transport by vehicles
•
–
Over 5 million cattle each year
Poor traceability of animals
• No immunity to foreign
animal diseases
• Centralized feed supply
and distribution
•
HLSEM, IDALS, CFSPH
Ag Emergency Local Response Preparedness, 2008
Vulnerabilities
•
•
•
•
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Diseases are widespread
in other countries
Expanded international
trade and travel
Border penetration:
People, wild birds,
mammals
Inadequate on-farm
biosecurity
Inadequate foreign
animal disease awareness
HLSEM, IDALS, CFSPH
Ag Emergency Local Response Preparedness, 2008
Prepare
State and Federal Agencies
Iowa Department of Agriculture
and Land Stewardship (IDALS)
•
State Veterinarian: Dr. David Schmitt
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Animal health and control issues
Animal movement and tracking
State District Veterinarians (6)
–
Foreign Animal Disease Diagnosticians (FADD)
•
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Specially trained veterinarian
The Center for Agricultural Security
–
Iowa Veterinary Rapid Response
Team (IVRRT)
•
HLSEM, IDALS, CFSPH
330 trained veterinarians and
animal health professionals
Ag Emergency Local Response Preparedness, 2008
STATE VETERINARIAN DISTRICTS
Dr. David Schmitt, State Veterinarian
Work: 515-281-8601 Cell: 515-669-3527
Lyon
Osceola
Dickinson
Emmet
Sioux
O'Brien
Clay
Palo Alto
Kossuth
Winnebago
Worth
Mitchell
Howard
Winneshiek
Dr. Pamela Smith
Cerro
Gordo
Floyd
Chickasa
w
Fayette
Plymouth
Buena
Vista
Cherokee
Pocahontas Humboldt
Wright
Franklin
Butler
Ida
Sac
Hardin
Grundy
Black Hawk Buchanan
Calhoun
Hamilton
Tama
Monon
a
Crawford
Carroll
Greene
Clayton
Bremer
Webster
Woodbury
Dr. James Johnson
Dr. Tim Smith
Allamakee
Hancock
Boone
Benton
Delaware
Linn
Dubuque
Jones
Jackson
Marshall
Story
Dr. Gary E. Eiben
Clinton
Cedar
Harrison
Shelby
Audubo
n
Guthrie
Cass
Adair
Dallas
Jasper
Polk
Poweshiek
Iowa
Johnson
Scott
Muscatine
Pottawattamie
Madison
Warren
Marion
Mahaska
Keokuk
Washington
Louisa
Dr. John Schiltz
Mills
Montgomery
Adams
Union
Clarke
Lucas
Monroe
Wapello
Jefferson
Dr. R.E. Welander
Henry
Des
Moines
Fremont
Page
Taylor
Ringgold
Decatur
Wayne
Appanoose
Davis
Van Buren
Lee
February 2008
HLSEM, IDALS, CFSPH
Ag Emergency Local Response Preparedness, 2008
Iowa Premises
Identification Program
Voluntary participant in National Animal
Identification System (NAIS)
• Premises
•
–
•
Complete application
–
–
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Any geographically unique location in which
agricultural animals are raised, held or boarded
www.agriculture.state.ia.us/premiseID.htm
Premise Identification Number (PIN)
Allied agricultural and non-producer
participants can also be assigned PINs
HLSEM, IDALS, CFSPH
Ag Emergency Local Response Preparedness, 2008
Additional State Agencies Involved
•
Iowa Homeland Security and Emergency
Management Division (HLSEMD)
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Department of Natural Resources (DNR)
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Resource management
Animal disposal issues
Livestock burial maps
Iowa Department of Public Health (IDPH)
–
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Human health issues
State Public Health Veterinarian
•
HLSEM, IDALS, CFSPH
Dr. Ann Garvey
Ag Emergency Local Response Preparedness, 2008
Additional Supporting Agencies
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Iowa Department of Public Safety
Iowa Department of Transportation
Iowa National Guard
Iowa State University Extension
Iowa State University College of
Veterinary Medicine
HLSEM, IDALS, CFSPH
Ag Emergency Local Response Preparedness, 2008
Iowa Emergency
Response Plan
•
The State plan outlines who is
responsible for what and when
–
–
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Each state agency is assigned responsibilities
Each agency determines how to meet
their responsibilities
Iowa Comprehensive Plan
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Iowa Emergency Response Plan
•
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Annex W: Infectious Animal Disease
Iowa Hazard Mitigation Plan
Iowa Disaster Recovery Plan
Iowa Critical Asset Protection Plan
HLSEM, IDALS, CFSPH
Ag Emergency Local Response Preparedness, 2008
Annex W: Infectious
Animal Disease
•
•
Addresses Iowa’s ability to
respond and eliminate infectious
animal diseases
Course of action for controlling
and eradicating
–
•
To aid key state government
decision-makers
Not activated for all
animal disease outbreaks
HLSEM, IDALS, CFSPH
Ag Emergency Local Response Preparedness, 2008
Federal Agencies
•
U.S. Department of Agriculture
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Animal and Plant Health
Inspection Service (APHIS)
•
•
Veterinary Services
Emergency Management
and Diagnostics
–
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HLSEM, IDALS, CFSPH
National Center for Animal Health
Emergency Management
National Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratories
Ag Emergency Local Response Preparedness, 2008
USDA-APHIS-VS
Diagnostic Laboratories
•
Foreign Animal Disease Diagnostic
Laboratory
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National Veterinary
Services Laboratories
–
•
Plum Island, NY
Provide diagnostic
services and training
Ames, IA
National Animal Health
Laboratory Network
HLSEM, IDALS, CFSPH
Ag Emergency Local Response Preparedness, 2008
USDA Personnel in Iowa
•
Area Veterinarian In Charge (AVIC)
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9-Federal Veterinary Medical Officers
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Dr. Kevin Petersburg
All are Foreign Animal Disease
Diagnosticians
Area Emergency Coordinator
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Dr. Stephen Goff
•
HLSEM, IDALS, CFSPH
Iowa, Nebraska
Ag Emergency Local Response Preparedness, 2008
USDA Federal Veterinary Medical Officers (VMO)
Dr. Kevin Petersburg, Area Veterinarian In Charge (AVIC)
Work: 515-284-4140
Dr. Pamela Smith
Osceola
Lyon
Dickinson
Emmet
Dr. Tim Smith
Kossuth
Winnebago
Worth
Mitchell
Dr. Gary E. Eiben
Howard
Winneshiek
Allamakee
Sioux
O'Brien
Clay
Palo Alto
Hancock
Cerro
Gordo
Floyd
Chickasa
w
Dr. Neil Rippke
Fayette
Plymouth
Buena
Vista
Cherokee
Pocahontas Humboldt
Wright
Franklin
Butler
Hardin
Grundy
Bremer
Webster
Woodbury
Ida
Sac
Black Hawk Buchanan
Calhoun
Hamilton
Tama
Dr. John Schiltz
Monon
a
Crawford
Carroll
Greene
Clayton
Boone
Benton
Delaware
Linn
Dubuque
Jones
Jackson
Dr. Sharon Fairchild
Marshall
Story
Clinton
Cedar
Harrison
Shelby
Audubo
n
Guthrie
Cass
Adair
Dallas
Jasper
Polk
Poweshiek
Iowa
Johnson
Scott
Muscatine
Pottawattamie
Madison
Warren
Marion
Mahaska
Keokuk
Washington
Louisa
Mills
Montgomery
Adams
Union
Clarke
Lucas
Monroe
Wapello
Jefferson
Henry
Des
Moines
Dr. James Johnson
Fremont
Page
Taylor
Ringgold
Decatur
Wayne
Appanoose
Davis
Dr. R.E. Welander
Van Buren
Lee
Dr. Don Otto
HLSEM, IDALS, CFSPH
February. 2008
Ag Emergency Local Response Preparedness, 2008
National Animal Identification
System (NAIS)
•
•
•
•
•
•
Voluntary
Created to identify and trace livestock
State-to-state consistency
Goal: 48 hour trace of animals
in disease outbreak
Maintain contact information that can be
accessed in case of an animal health
emergency to speed notification
Premises ID, animal ID, animal movement
HLSEM, IDALS, CFSPH
Ag Emergency Local Response Preparedness, 2008
U.S. Department of Homeland
Security (DHS)
•
Customs and Border Protection
317 ports of entry into US
– Imported animal and plant material
– Over 40,000 employees
3,000 agriculture specialists
–
•
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1 million conveyances
83 million passengers
3.6 million cargo inspections
Beagle Brigade
•
HLSEM, IDALS, CFSPH
75,000 interceptions annually
Ag Emergency Local Response Preparedness, 2008
Veterinary Response Teams
National Veterinary
Response Teams
(NVRT)
• Veterinary Medical
Assistance Teams
(VMAT)
• National Animal
Health Emergency
Response Corps
(NAHERC)
•
HLSEM, IDALS, CFSPH
Ag Emergency Local Response Preparedness, 2008
HSPD-9
•
•
Homeland Security Presidential
Directive #9: Management of
Domestic Incidents
January 30, 2004
National policy to defend the nation’s
agriculture and food system against
terrorist attacks, major disasters and
other emergencies
– Develop a National Veterinary Stockpile
–
HLSEM, IDALS, CFSPH
Ag Emergency Local Response Preparedness, 2008
National Veterinary Stockpile
•
HSPD-9 (Jan 30, 2004)
–
National repository
of critical veterinary
supplies
•
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Vaccine, antiviral, drugs
PPE kits
Deploy within 24 hours
– Support response
efforts for 40 days
–
HLSEM, IDALS, CFSPH
Ag Emergency Local Response Preparedness, 2008
Other Federal Agencies
•
Department of Homeland Security
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Department of Justice
–
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Law enforcement activities
Department of State
–
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FEMA – Federal Emergency
Management Agency
International response activities
Department of Defense
–
Authorizes Defense Support of Civil Authorities
HLSEM, IDALS, CFSPH
Ag Emergency Local Response Preparedness, 2008
National Response Framework
•
Released January 2008
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Successor of NRP
Effective March 22, 2008
All-hazards approach
Unified; All-discipline
Flexible and scalable
Best practices and procedures
Allows Federal, State, local and tribal
governments and the private sector to
work together
HLSEM, IDALS, CFSPH
Ag Emergency Local Response Preparedness, 2008
National Response Framework
•
•
•
Incidents handled at the lowest
jurisdictional level possible
Emphasis on local response
Identify personnel responsible for
incident management at local level
Police, fire, public health, medical or
emergency management
– Veterinary, animal health professionals
– Private sector is key partner
–
HLSEM, IDALS, CFSPH
Ag Emergency Local Response Preparedness, 2008
The 15 ESFs
1: Transportation
Dept. of
Transportation
6: Mass Care,
Emergency Assistance,
Housing and Human
Services
American Red Cross
11: Agriculture and
Natural Resource
US Dept. of Agriculture/
Dept. of the Interior
2: Communications
National
Communications
System
7: Resource Support
General Services
Administration
12: Energy
Dept. of Energy
3: Public Works
and Engineering
Dept. of Defense/
Army Corps of Engineers
8: Public Health and
Medical Services
Dept. of Health and
Human Services
13: Public Safety
and Security
Dept. of Homeland
Security/Justice
4: Firefighting
Dept. of Agriculture/
Forest Service
9: Urban Search
and Rescue
Federal Emergency
Management Agency
14: Long Term
Community Recovery
U.S. Small Business
Administration
5: Emergency
Management
Federal Emergency
Management Agency
10: Oil and Hazardous
Materials Response
Environmental
Protection Agency
15: External Affairs
Federal Emergency
Management Agency
Slide used with permission from Dr. Dahna Batts, CDC/COCA.
HLSEM, IDALS, CFSPH
Ag Emergency Local Response Preparedness, 2008
Prevent
Managing Disease Risk
Routes of Transmission
•
Spread of disease agents
Animal
animal
– Animal
human
“zoonotic”
–
•
Different modes
of transmission
Aerosol
– Direct contact
– Fomite
–
HLSEM, IDALS, CFSPH
Oral
– Vector-borne
– Zoonotic
–
Ag Emergency Local Response Preparedness, 2008
Disease Transmission
•
•
Animals may not exhibit
obvious clinical signs
of disease
Essential
Disease prevention
– Awareness of how
disease is transmitted
–
•
Develop strategy to
minimize disease risk
for livestock operation
HLSEM, IDALS, CFSPH
Ag Emergency Local Response Preparedness, 2008
Response to an Animal
Disease Emergency
Response
•
Preparedness plan in action
–
•
Expedient, safe, effective
Level of response depends on:
Particular disease
– Ability of disease to spread
– Degree of spread
– Resources available
–
HLSEM, IDALS, CFSPH
Ag Emergency Local Response Preparedness, 2008
Detection
• Unusual
sign noted by:
–Producer,
animal handler or processor,
local veterinarian
• Diagnostic
laboratory
• Processing plant
Local
Initial
Response
• Local
Risk and
Response
Assessment
• Response
Response
Actions
•Quarantine;
State
State or
Federal
DVM contacts State Veterinarian
or AVIC
• FADD sent to investigate
(within 24 hours)
• Samples submitted to Federal Lab
action levels determined based
on disease suspected or diagnosed
• Activation of State Response Plan and/or
National Response Framework
Stop movements
•Surveillance
•Depopulation
and disposal
•Vaccination (?)
•Cleaning and disinfection
Local
Recovery
•Indemnity
•Business
HLSEM, IDALS, CFSPH
continuity
Ag Emergency Local Response Preparedness, 2008
FADD Investigation
•
Foreign Animal Disease Diagnostician
Visits premise within 24 hours
– Inspects animals
– Consults with State Veterinarian
and AVIC on case priority and
necessary actions
–
Sample collection, handling, submission
• Control measures: movement
restrictions, quarantine
•
HLSEM, IDALS, CFSPH
Ag Emergency Local Response Preparedness, 2008
Animal Health Laboratory
Submissions
•
Routine (daily) testing
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ISU CVM Diagnostic Laboratory
Other Private Laboratory Facilities
National Animal Health Laboratory Network
When a foreign animal
disease is suspected
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Foreign Animal Disease Diagnostic
Laboratory, Plum Island, NY
(cloven hoofed)
National Veterinary Services
Laboratory – Ames (poultry, equine, fish)
HLSEM, IDALS, CFSPH
Ag Emergency Local Response Preparedness, 2008
Containment
of an Animal Disease
Emergency
Prevention: State Level
•
State Veterinarian
Under authority of Iowa Secretary of Ag
– Embargo
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•
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Voluntary hold order
•
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Prohibits animal and/or product
movement into Iowa
Request that owners voluntarily cease all
movement of animals and/or product
Quarantine
•
HLSEM, IDALS, CFSPH
Mandatory order to cease animal and/or
product movement
Ag Emergency Local Response Preparedness, 2008
IDALS Authority:
Iowa Code 163.1(1)
•
Grants IDALS power to “control an
infectious disease affecting animals within
this state” which may involve
Control and eradication of animal disease
– Quarantine of animals or premises
– Regulate or restrict animal movement
– Enter any premises where animals/
carcasses are or have been in the past
– Condemn and depopulate animals
– Disinfect farm operations
–
HLSEM, IDALS, CFSPH
Ag Emergency Local Response Preparedness, 2008
Prevention: State Level
•
•
Movement restrictions
Animals
Live animals and their products
– Not allowed to go to market, processing
–
•
People
Essential personnel only
– No deliveries
–
HLSEM, IDALS, CFSPH
Ag Emergency Local Response Preparedness, 2008
HLSEM, IDALS, CFSPH
Ag Emergency Local Response Preparedness, 2008
Single Premises Response
•
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One location
FADD investigates
Diagnosis
Quarantine premises
Most coordination at
State level
Treat or depopulate
Federal authorities manage
international issues
HLSEM, IDALS, CFSPH
Ag Emergency Local Response Preparedness, 2008
Multiple Premises,
Confined Area Response
Everything for single premise
• Increased quarantine Area
• REGIONAL Involvement
•
–
•
State, federal and
industry agricultural
authorities handle situation
with or without State
Declared Emergency
USDA Secretary of Agriculture may
issue Declaration of Emergency
HLSEM, IDALS, CFSPH
Ag Emergency Local Response Preparedness, 2008
Multiple Premises,
Multi-State Response
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Everything previous plus
National movement controls
State level
emergency declared
U.S. Secretary of Agriculture
requests assistance
from DHS
National Response
Framework and
ESF 11 activated
APHIS is lead agency
HLSEM, IDALS, CFSPH
Ag Emergency Local Response Preparedness, 2008
World Organization for
Animal Health (OIE)
Early Warning System
• Disease reported
within 24 hours
• Informs countries
at risk
• Trade shut down
until further notice
•
HLSEM, IDALS, CFSPH
Ag Emergency Local Response Preparedness, 2008
Euthansia
•
•
•
Humane method
Determined by State or Federal
Veterinarian
May include
Cervical dislocation
– Carbon dioxide
– Captive bolt
– Anesthetic overdose
–
HLSEM, IDALS, CFSPH
Ag Emergency Local Response Preparedness, 2008
Disposal
•
•
•
•
•
•
Burial on-site
Composting
Incineration
Rendering
Alkaline hydrolysis
Landfill
–
Biosecurity concerns
•
•
•
Disease characteristics
Quarantine zones
Open burning (not allowed in Iowa)
HLSEM, IDALS, CFSPH
Ag Emergency Local Response Preparedness, 2008
Disposal Options
•
Disposal restricted by:
–
Disease characteristics
•
•
•
Ease of transmission
Method of transmission
Zoonotic potential
Quarantine zones
– Other restrictions per the
State Veterinarian
–
HLSEM, IDALS, CFSPH
Ag Emergency Local Response Preparedness, 2008
IDNR: Carcass Disposal Maps
•
www.iowadnr.gov
–
Site considerations of burial locations
Disease characteristics
• Environmental: Water tables
• Public health
•
•
GIS Mapping - Interactive
–
3 tiered approach
•
•
•
HLSEM, IDALS, CFSPH
Red – restricted zones
Multiple colors – cautionary zones
Green – no known restrictions
Ag Emergency Local Response Preparedness, 2008
HLSEM, IDALS, CFSPH
Ag Emergency Local Response Preparedness, 2008
Cleaning and Disinfection
•
Cleaning
–
Remove all organic
matter
•
•
Manure, dirt, feed, etc.
Disinfection
Use proper
concentration
– Allow proper
contact time
–
•
Vehicles, equipment,
footwear, housing
HLSEM, IDALS, CFSPH
Ag Emergency Local Response Preparedness, 2008
Disease Prevention
During an Animal
Health Event
Prevention: On the Farm
•
•
•
•
Restrict access to farm
Clean vehicles only
Record ALL
traffic, visitors
Monitor animals
frequently
–
Contact your
herd veterinarian
HLSEM, IDALS, CFSPH
Ag Emergency Local Response Preparedness, 2008
Preventing Entry
•
Some animal viruses can be carried
by fomites
–
•
Truck tires, wheel wells, undercarriage,
footwear, clothing
Walking/driving through animal areas
Pick up viruses/bacteria
– Deposit on the road, next farm
–
•
Proper cleaning and disinfection
is important
HLSEM, IDALS, CFSPH
Ag Emergency Local Response Preparedness, 2008
Prevention: On the Farm
•
Wear clean gloves, coveralls and boots
at all times
–
–
•
Disinfect, properly dispose
Wash hands
Personal protective equipment
Eyewear, mask or respirator
– Ear plugs (noise)
–
•
Vaccination, treatments
–
–
Subject to availability
Specific to disease
HLSEM, IDALS, CFSPH
Ag Emergency Local Response Preparedness, 2008
Human Health Issues
During a Response
Human Health Implications
•
Zoonotic Diseases
Diseases of animals spread to humans
– Newcastle disease: “pink eye”
– Swine vesicular disease: skin blisters
– Avian influenza: respiratory, pneumonia
– Anthrax: skin lesions, respiratory, death
–
HLSEM, IDALS, CFSPH
Ag Emergency Local Response Preparedness, 2008
Zoonotic Disease
•
Livestock producers
work with animals daily
–
•
Most have immunity
to various diseases
Immunocompromised
population more
vulnerable to zoonoses
Young and old
– Chemotherapy
– Chronic conditions
–
HLSEM, IDALS, CFSPH
Ag Emergency Local Response Preparedness, 2008
Preventing Zoonosis
•
Protective outer clothing
–
–
Coveralls, water-resistant barriers
Footwear
•
•
–
Overshoes that can
be cleaned, disinfected
Disposable
Gloves
•
Sick, unknown health
status animals
Remove soiled items before leaving
• Wash hands
•
HLSEM, IDALS, CFSPH
Ag Emergency Local Response Preparedness, 2008
Human Health Implications
•
Safety Concerns
Injuries
– Slips, trips and falls
– Mental Health
–
•
•
–
Environmental stress
•
–
Producers loss of herds and livelihood
Responders stress from response
Heat, cold, rain
Physical stress
HLSEM, IDALS, CFSPH
Ag Emergency Local Response Preparedness, 2008
Response Coordination
NIMS and ICS
National Incident Management
System (NIMS)
•
February 2003
–
•
•
Draft revision Aug 2007
Homeland Security
Presidential Directive–5
Nationwide template
–
Enables all government,
private-sector, and NGOs
to work together during
domestic incidents
HLSEM, IDALS, CFSPH
Ag Emergency Local Response Preparedness, 2008
NIMS Key Concepts
•
Standardizes incident management
for all responders
–
•
Flexible, adaptable
–
•
A core set of principles, terminology and
organizational processes
Applicable regardless of incident cause,
size, location, or complexity
Enables government and private
entities work together
HLSEM, IDALS, CFSPH
Ag Emergency Local Response Preparedness, 2008
National Incident
Management System (NIMS)
Standardized process
and procedures for
incident management
Incident
Local
Support or Response
State
Support or Response
Federal
Support or Response
National Response
Framework
Application of integrated
Federal resources
HLSEM, IDALS, CFSPH
Ag Emergency Local Response Preparedness, 2008
Incident Command System
(ICS)
•
Standardized on-scene emergency
management tool
–
•
Integrated organizational structure
–
•
To coordinate and combine independent efforts
Can have officials and responders
from Federal, State, local and tribal
agencies, private sector and
non-governmental organizations (NGO)
Not hindered by jurisdictional boundaries
HLSEM, IDALS, CFSPH
Ag Emergency Local Response Preparedness, 2008
Incident Command Post
•
Modular Format
–
–
Top down structure
Five key functional areas
Command
Safety Officer
Information Officer
Liaison Officer
Operations
HLSEM, IDALS, CFSPH
Planning
Logistics
Finance/
Administration
Ag Emergency Local Response Preparedness, 2008
Command Post (CP)
•
•
On-scene command
and management
Incident Commander in
charge of all functions
–
•
By legal, agency, or delegated authority
A Safety Officer, Information Officer,
and Liaison Officer may be appointed
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Ag Emergency Local Response Preparedness, 2008
Unified Command
•
•
•
Multi jurisdictional authorities
or agencies
Manage under appropriate law,
ordinance or agreement
Goals
Develop objectives for incident
– Improve information flow and
interaction among all agencies involved
– Reduce or eliminate duplicate efforts
–
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Ag Emergency Local Response Preparedness, 2008
Area Command
•
•
Management of multiple incidents
being handled by separate Incident
Command Posts
-orManagement of very large or
complex incident with multiple
incident management teams
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Ag Emergency Local Response Preparedness, 2008
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Ag Emergency Local Response Preparedness, 2008
Incident Command
Local
Emergency
Ops Center
(EOC)
Area
Command
Incident
Command
Post
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Incident
Command
Post
Coordination of
information and resources
to support local incident
management activities
Management of multiple
incidents - each handled by
an ICS organization
Incident
Command
Post
Primary tactical-level,
on-scene incident
command functions
Ag Emergency Local Response Preparedness, 2008
Animal Health Incident Command
System Organization
Unified Command
State Vet/AVIC
Finance/
Administration
Information (Public Affairs)
Liaison Officers
Orientation & Training
Safety Officer
Operations
(Field)
Logistics
Planning
(Technical Support)
Finance
Procurement & Supply
Appraisal
Animal Welfare
Personnel
Contracts & Leases
Cleaning & Disinfection
Database Systems
Employee Relations
Vehicles
Diagnosis & Inspection
Disease Reporting
Depopulation & Disposal
Disease Specialist
Regulatory Enforcement
Economics
Biosecurity
Environmental Impact
Surveillance
Epidemiology
Vaccination
Risk Assessment
Vector Control
Vaccination Evaluation
Wildlife
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Ag Emergency Local Response Preparedness, 2008
Each Location Will be a
LOCAL Incident
•
•
•
•
Requires local planning
Initial response will be a local one
After State and Federal agencies
leave – it is still a local incident
Address long term recovery
Producers
– Local jurisdiction
– Economic effects
–
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Ag Emergency Local Response Preparedness, 2008
Recovery
Recovery
•
•
Restore confidence
Requires time, money, effort
Cleaning and disinfection
– Indemnity for livestock owners
– Restocking
–
•
Business continuity
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Ag Emergency Local Response Preparedness, 2008
Prior to Disaster
•
•
•
•
•
“It will never happen to me”
“It won’t be that bad”
“I have insurance”
“The government will
take care of me”
Preparation and planning are
essential for businesses to
survive a disaster
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Ag Emergency Local Response Preparedness, 2008
Federal
State
HLSEM, IDALS, CFSPH
Increasing severity or scale of incident
Local
Local support may
include:
Road barricades
– Quarantine enforcement
– Checkpoint personnel
– Decon stations and
personnel
– Transportation
– Additional communications
capacity
– GPS equipment
– Base of operations
– Training/orientation facility
– Staging area for
equipment
– Food, lodging
– Supplies, resources as
needed for task
management
–
Ag Emergency Local Response Preparedness, 2008
Planning Pays Off
•
•
No or poor plan can result in losses
In the event of a major disaster
43% never reopen
– 16.5% reopen but close in 2 years
–
•
•
~60% attrition due to a disaster
For every $1 spent on planning,
$7 saved from disaster loss (FEMA)
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Ag Emergency Local Response Preparedness, 2008
Animal Disease
Emergency Example
Foot and Mouth Disease
Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD)
•
•
•
•
•
Highly contagious virus
Considered to be the most
important livestock disease
in the world
Not in U.S. since 1929
Affects cloven-hoofed animals
Spread between animals,
by contaminated objects
or aerosol
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Ag Emergency Local Response Preparedness, 2008
Foot and Mouth Disease Outbreaks
– Jan to Mar 2008
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Ag Emergency Local Response Preparedness, 2008
U.K. FMD Outbreak, 2001
•
Total costs over £10 billion
–
•
6 million animals slaughtered
–
•
Ag industry, compensation,
tourism, sports
FMD free in less than 1 year
Public perception
Animal welfare
– Smoke pollution
–
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Ag Emergency Local Response Preparedness, 2008
Conclusion
What Have We Learned?
•
•
•
Threats need to be taken seriously
Framework for response
and coordination
Adequate resources and expertise
Determine extent of attack
– Prevent disease spread and
associated losses
– Prevent any public health implications
–
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Ag Emergency Local Response Preparedness, 2008
Why is Local Planning needed?
•
Early detection and response are
critical to limit impact
–
•
•
Know what to look for and who to call
for assistance
Cooperation with local, state, and
federal authorities is essential
Everyone plays an important role in
protecting U.S. agriculture
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Ag Emergency Local Response Preparedness, 2008
What can you do?
•
•
•
•
•
•
Local preparedness important
Training in NIMS and ICS
Awareness of steps in an outbreak
and where you fit in
Be involved in local response plan
development process
Practice plan with exercises
Encourage prevention and vigilance
among members of your community
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Ag Emergency Local Response Preparedness, 2008
Contacts
•
Phone numbers to know
–
State Veterinarian
•
–
APHIS Area-Veterinarian
-in-Charge (AVIC)
•
–
515-284-4140
State Public Health Veterinarian
•
–
515-281-8601
515-281-4933
County Emergency Manager
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Ag Emergency Local Response Preparedness, 2008
Acknowledgments
Development of this presentation
was funded by a grant from the
Iowa Homeland Security
and Emergency Management Division and
the Iowa Department of Agriculture and
Land Stewardship to the
Center for Food Security and Public Health
at Iowa State University.
Contributing Authors: Glenda Dvorak, DVM, MPH, DACVPM; Danelle BickettWeddle, DVM, MPH, DACVPM; Gayle Brown, DVM, PhD; Reviewer: Tegwin
Taylor, DVM, MPH
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Ag Emergency Local Response Preparedness, 2008