***Chapter10 – Agriculture for Rubenstein 10th Edition *** NAME_____________
AP HUMAN GEOGRAPHY Required NOTE-TAKING FORMAT – 2015
Attach this cover sheet with your name to your completed notes.
INTRO
1. When you go to the grocery store to buy food, are you reminded of a farm? Explain.
2. The most fundamental differences between MDC’s and LDC’s are the ____________ practices.
3. Explain why geographers study where agriculture is distributed across Earth.
4. Summarize how local diversity and place affect agricultural practices.
5. Describe how agriculture has become globalized? List three local products that are globalized. (Good thing we live
in the Ohio River Valley…it’s all around us) Create/print a copy of a label from a globalized product found in
Louisville.
CASE STUDY
6. Explain the differences between Wheat Farmers in Pakistan and Kansas. (Use the Rule of 3! Give 3 examples)
KEY ISSUE #1 – Origins of Agriculture
7. Define agriculture and crop. Give three examples of YOUR favorite crops.
8. Explain what Hunters and Gathers do to survive. List three regions and continents that Hunters and Gathers can be
found today. Circle your answer.
9. The first Agricultural Revolution occurred around ___________ years ago. This was when plants and animals were
first domesticated. List and explain the early centers of crop an animal domestication.
10. Define Subsistence agriculture and give three examples from Figure 10-4. Define Commercial agriculture and
give three examples from Figure 10-4.
11. List and explain the five principal features that distinguish commercial agriculture from subsistence agriculture.
12. Define prime agricultural land. Define agribusiness and give three examples not already mentioned in #5. Circle
your answer.
KEY ISSUE #2
13. Describe the process of Shifting Cultivation. Name three regions and toponyms within those regions where it is
practiced. See Figure 10-4. Circle your answer.
14. Define swidden and how the land is cleared.
15. How do indigenious people decide which crops to grow? Explain why the Kayapo people farm the way they do.
16. Summarize ownership and use of land in shifting cultivation.
17. Make a chart to explain the future of shifting cultivation and pastoral nomadism. Incorporate figure 10-9 in your
answer.
18. Define Pastoral Nomadism. Name three regions and toponyms within those regions where it is practiced. See
Figure 10-4. Circle your answer.
19. Explain the characteristics of pastoral nomadism. How do they chose the type of number of animals for their herds?
List the types of animals pastoral nomads might use.
20. Define transhumance and pasture. Describe the movements of pastoral nomads.
21. What form of agriculture feeds the most people in the peripheral regions? Define the word. How do these farmers
maximize food production? Explain. Name three regions with toponyms within those regions where it is practiced.
See Figure 10-4. Circle your answer.
22. Explain intensive subsistence with wet rice dominant. Define wet rice. Include the steps a farmer needs to follow.
Name three regions and toponyms within those regions where it is practiced. See Figure 10-4.
23. Define sawah, paddy, chaff, threshed, winnowed, hull and double cropping. Name three regions with toponyms
within those regions where it is practiced. See Figure 10-4. Circle your answer.
24. Explain rice production in China since the Communist Revolution in 1949.
25. Define plantation. Explain plantation farming. Name three regions with toponyms within those regions where it is
practiced. See Figure 10-4. Circle your answer.
KEY ISSUE #3
26. Commercial agriculture can be divided into six main types. List them with their distinctive regions. Name three
toponyms in each region.
27. Explain the characteristics of mixed crop and livestock farming.
28. Describe crop rotation including the difference between the two-field and four-field systems.
29. Define cereal grain. List three processed cereals that contain use each grain, ex: rice– Rice Krispies.
30.
31.
32.
33.
What is the most important commercial agricultural practiced on near urban centers? ________________
Define milkshed. Summarize the regional distribution and challenges for dairy farmers. See Figure 10-16.
According to Figure 10-17, India produces the most milk. Explain.
List and explain the two types of grain farming. List them with their distinctive regions. Name three toponyms in
each region. See Figure 10-18.
34. Define Ranching. Summarize livestock ranching and where it is located. Use Figure 10-20 and 10-21 in your
answer.
35. Define Horticulture. Summarize Mediterranean agriculture and where it is located. Name three regions on three
continents with toponyms within those regions where it is practiced. See Figure 10-4 and 10-22.
36. Define truck farming. Summarize commercial gardening and fruit farming.
KEY ISSUE #4
37. Explain the Von Thunen Model, see Figure 10-24. Draw a diagram of the model and label each ring.
38. Define sustainable agriculture. List and explain the three principal practices that distinguish sustainable from
commercial agriculture.
39. List and explain the four strategies employed to increase the world’s food supply.
40. Explain the health problems and export problems of GMO’s. See page 332, Global Forces, Local Impacts.
Draw a picture of a GMO product you have seen or eaten.
**AP OUTLINE – This is why you are learning this.**
V. Agriculture, Food Production, and Rural Land Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13–17% of the multiple choice questions will be from this Unit.
A. Development and diffusion of agriculture
1. Neolithic Agricultural Revolution
2. Second Agricultural Revolution
3. Green Revolution
4. Large-scale commercial agriculture and agribusiness
B. Major agricultural production regions
1. Agricultural systems associated with major bioclimatic zones
2. Variations within major zones and effects of markets
3. Interdependence among regions of food production and consumption
C. Rural land use and settlement patterns
1. Models of agricultural land use, including von Thünen’s model
2. Settlement patterns associated with major agriculture types: subsistence, cash cropping, plantation, mixed farming, monoculture, pastoralism,
ranching, forestry, fishing and aquaculture
3. Land use/land cover change: irrigation, desertification, deforestation, wetland destruction, conservation efforts to protect or restore natural
land cover, and global impacts
4. Roles of women in agricultural production and farming communities
D. Issues in contemporary commercial agriculture
1. Biotechnology, including genetically modified organisms (GMO)
2. Spatial organization of industrial agriculture, including the transition in land use to large-scale commercial farming and factors affecting the
location of processing facilities
3. Environmental issues: soil degradation, overgrazing, river and aquifer depletion, animal wastes, and extensive fertilizer and pesticide use
4. Organic farming, crop rotation, value-added specialty foods, regional appellations, fair trade, and eat-local-food movements
5. Global food distribution, malnutrition, and famine