Chapter Two
Federalism and the
States
The Concept of Federalism
• Unitary, Confederate, and Federal
Systems
• The Advantages and Disadvantages of
Federalism
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The History of U.S. Federalism
•
•
•
•
Early History
The Move Toward Federalism
State-Centered Federalism
The Growth of National Power Through
the Constitution and the Judiciary
• The Growth of National Power Through
Congress
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Models of Federalism
• Dual Federalism (1787–1932)
• Cooperative Federalism (1933–1964)
• Contemporary Variations on Cooperative
Federalism Since 1964
• President Clinton, the Republican
Congress, and the “Devolution Revolution”
• George W. Bush and New Federalism
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Intergovernmental Relations
• Tribal Governments
• Interstate Cooperation
• Intergovernmental Financial Relations
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Federal Purse Strings
• The Importance of Federal Funds
• Here’s the Check and Here’s What to Do
with It: Mandates, Pre-emptions, SetAsides, and Cost Ceilings
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Figure 2.1: Historical Trends in Federal
Grants-in-Aid Outlays
Source: U.S. Office of Management and Budget, The Budget of the United States Government, Fiscal Year 2002,
Historical Tables, and www.access.gpo.gov/usbudget/fy2003/pdf/hist.pdf
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Table 2.1: Federal Grants to State & Local
Governments in 2002, in Rank Order
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Conclusion
The Future of Federalism
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