Chapter Two Federalism and the States The Concept of Federalism • Unitary, Confederate, and Federal Systems • The Advantages and Disadvantages of Federalism Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 2-2 The History of U.S. Federalism • • • • Early History The Move Toward Federalism State-Centered Federalism The Growth of National Power Through the Constitution and the Judiciary • The Growth of National Power Through Congress Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 2-3 Models of Federalism • Dual Federalism (1787–1932) • Cooperative Federalism (1933–1964) • Contemporary Variations on Cooperative Federalism Since 1964 • President Clinton, the Republican Congress, and the “Devolution Revolution” • George W. Bush and New Federalism Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 2-4 Intergovernmental Relations • Tribal Governments • Interstate Cooperation • Intergovernmental Financial Relations Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 2-5 Federal Purse Strings • The Importance of Federal Funds • Here’s the Check and Here’s What to Do with It: Mandates, Pre-emptions, SetAsides, and Cost Ceilings Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 2-6 Figure 2.1: Historical Trends in Federal Grants-in-Aid Outlays Source: U.S. Office of Management and Budget, The Budget of the United States Government, Fiscal Year 2002, Historical Tables, and www.access.gpo.gov/usbudget/fy2003/pdf/hist.pdf Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 2-7 Table 2.1: Federal Grants to State & Local Governments in 2002, in Rank Order Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 2-8 Conclusion The Future of Federalism Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 2-9