Pesticide
Application
Equipment
Page 78
General
Manual
To Enhance Safety and Benefits and
to Get the Most From Any Sprayer:
Select
the right equipment.
Set it up correctly.
Use proper operation procedures.
Perform proper maintenance.
Reference Materials
The
pesticide label
Spray
equipment
BLM
and Extension guidelines
All Sprayers Should Be:
Durable
Convenient
to fill
Convenient to operate
Easy to clean
Three Basic Functions of a Sprayer:
Distribution
& Metering
– Determine the volume or weight that
application equipment will apply to a
known area under a given set of
conditions.
CALIBRATION
Storage and transport
Types of Spray Equipment
Hand sprayer
Knapsack (LOK)
Battery powered
Low pressure hydraulic
High pressure
ULV
Chemigation or injection
Tanks
Fiberglass
Stainless
steel
Galvanized steel
Aluminum
Polyethylene
Lock
Opening
Large

Openings
Strainer For Filling
 Agitation
Device
Large Drain
Agitation
Agitation
Agitation Requirement
5% of tank volume
(5 gallons for each 100 gallons)
1000 gallon tank
Pump - 50 GPM just for agitation
12 GPM for Boom
50 GPM for agitation
62 GPM total pump requirement
Strainers
Tank
opening
– Basket Strainer (16-80 mesh)
In-line
(40-50 mesh)
Nozzle
screen (50 - 100 mesh)
Pumps Must Provide
Gallons
per minute (GPM) required by
all nozzles
Tank
agitation (5 - 6 % of tank volume)
Twenty
percent (20%) reserve for wear
Pump Types
Roller
Centrifugal
Gear
Turbine
Diaphragm
Piston
Positive Displacement
General Purpose
 Wide range
 Output
 Pressures
 Herbicides
 Rollers can wear

Roller Pump
Positive Displacement



High Pressure
Volume depends on RPMs
 Insecticides
 Dry Formulations
Part can wear
Piston
Positive Displacement




High Pressure
High Volume
 Insecticides
 Herbicides
Dry Formulations
Part can wear
Diaphragm
Non-positive Displacement






Continuous Flow
High RPM’s
Low Pressures
Durable
Easy to Maintain
Dry Formulations
Pump requirement
(GPM)
=
Desired GPA x Boom Width x MPH
495
For Boom Flow only
Add 5 GPM for every 100
gallons of tank – page 78
Example
30 GPA x 40 feet x 5 MPH
495
= 12 GPM
Pressure
 Least
desirable to adjust GPA
 4 x pressure to double GPA
 20 GPA at 30 psi
 40 GPA at 120 psi
Small droplets = DRIFT
• Minor tweeks!
Find New Pressure (psi)
page 82
35 psi X
40 GPA
20 GPA
2
35 X 2 2
New Pressure = 140 psi
35 X 4
Hoses
Flexible
(non-collapsible if suction hose)
Durable
Resistant
(sunlight, oil, chemicals, abrasion,
twisting)
Sufficient Pressure Rating
Correct size
Guide for determining hose size.
General Manual Page 88
Pump Output
(gals/min.)
Suction
Hose
Discharge
Hose
(inside diameter in inches)
Under 12 GPM
3/4
5/8
12-25 GPM
1
3/4
25-50 GPM
1 1/4
1
50-100 GPM
1 1/2
1 1/4
 GPA –
Gallons per Acre (GPA)
– Total sprayer output, delivery rate, volume applied…ad
nauseum
 GPM
– Gallons per Minute (GPM)
– Nozzles and pump output
– dilutes formulation at applicatoin
 Carrier – dilutes active ingredient at manufacture
 Diluent
Comparison of Micron Sizes
(approximate)
•
•
•
•
•
•
2000 m - #2 Pencil lead
850 m - paper clip
420 m – staple
300 m - toothbrush bristle
150 m - sewing thread
100 m - human hair
Pesticides
Droplet Description
Insecticides
Fungicides
Herbicides: Pre- and Post
emergent
Soil application of
Herbicides
Very Fine
Fine
Medium
Coarse
Very Coarse
Desired Droplet Size
(microns)
< 119
119 - 216
217 - 353
354 - 464
> 464
What’s a good GPA?
Very Fine to Fine Droplet = Low Volume (GPA)
Medium to Coarse
Droplets
Very Coarse = High Volume
Read them labels!!
Three Functions of a Nozzle
 Metering - GPA
– Liquid to drops
 Pattern dispersal
 Atomization
MAXIMIZING SPRAYER
PERFORMANCE
 Nozzle
materials
– Stainless steel, brass
and plastic are the
most common.
– Stainless steel is
probably the best
choice
Nozzles: Wear vs Cost
Nozzle
Type
Brass
Life in
Hours
100
Cost per
Hour
$0.013
Nylon
400
$0.003
SS
500
$0.008
HSS
1500
$0.001
Ceramic
2000
$0.0005
VOLUME OF PESTICIDE
SOLUTION APPLIED DEPENDS
UPON:
 NOZZLE
TIPS
 PRESSURE
 SPEED
 NOZZLE SPACING
TeeJet nozzle tip examples
NOZZLE TIP
DESIGNATIONS
SPRAYING SYSTEMS CO.
 HSS8002E
 HSS
80 02 E
 HSS = HARDENED STAINLESS STEEL
 80 = 80 DEGREE SPRAY ANGLE
 02 = 0.2 GALLON PER MINUTE AT 40
PSI
 E = EVEN FLAT FAN PATTERN FOR
BAND APPLICATION
Nozzle Coding- Spraying Systems






XR means eXtended
Range
80 means 80o pattern
03 means 0.30 GPM
at 40 psi
VS means Stainless
Steel withVisiFlo
color coding
SS = Stainless Steel
VP = Polymer, etc
Atomization (Droplet Size) is
Dependent On:
Nozzle
type and orifice size
Pressure
– higher pressure = small drops
Liquid
characteristics
Nozzle Types
Flat fan - regular
Flat fan - extended range
Twin flat fan - good for
dense foliage
MAXIMIZING SPRAYER
PERFORMANCE
Nozzle Orientation
Nozzle types
Even flat fan - band applications
Flooding flat fan
Hollow cone
Full cone
Flood Jet
MAXIMIZING SPRAYER
PERFORMANCE
 NOZZLES
– Nozzle types

Flat fan is best for broadcast application of herbicides
Flat fan
Even fan
BOOM BUSTER
SPRAY NOZZLES THAT WORK WITHOUT BOOMS
 FEATURES
– All nozzles machined from
solid stainless steel. All
have replaceable industrial
grade nylon diffusers. (Tests
have shown that this nylon
will outlast stainless steel.)
Roadside Spray Boom
Boom Buster (con’t)
–
–
–
–
Extra wide spray pattern.
Excellent pattern and distribution.
All models spray chemicals and fertilizers.
All nozzles have standard pipe threads.
Boom Buster (con’t)
 USES
–
–
–
–
–
–
Row Crops, Grain and Pastures
State and County Right-of-Ways
Orchards and Vineyards
Forestry and Utility Right-of-Ways
Lawn and Turf
Roads, Hedge Rows and Fence Rows
Rule of Thumb
 An
8004 nozzle will deliver 40 gpa when
used at 3 mph with 40 psi.
 Likewise
an 8002 will deliver 20 gpa
under the same conditions.
 An
8001 will deliver 10 gpa.
CHOOSING THE RIGHT NOZZLE SIZE
GPM = GPA x MPH x Nozzle spacing in inches
5940
 GPM
= Gallons per minute per nozzle
 GPA =
 MPH
Gallons per acre
= Miles per hour
EXAMPLE
 GPA =
30
 MPH = 4
 Nozzle spacing = 20
 GPM
= 30 GPA x 4 MPH x 20 in
5940
 GPM = 0.40
HOW TO CHANGE
SPRAYER OUTPUT
 NOZZLES
– Best for large changes in output
HOW TO CHANGE
SPRAYER OUTPUT
 Pressure
– Only feasible within a limited pressure range
– Pressure must be increased by a factor of 4
in order to double the flow
– 10 GPA at 20 PSI
– 20 GPA at 80 PSI
HOW TO CHANGE
SPRAYER OUTPUT
 SPEED
– Only feasible within a limited range of
speeds
– Double ground speed will decrease output by
50%
– 1/2 ground speed will increase output by
50%
Ground Speed – Page 100
•
Linear relationship
Verifying Speed
Page 95
Make a test strip to verify MPH
•
Feet x 60 .
Seconds x 88*
•
Feet per second x 0.682
* At 1 MPH, it takes 1 minute to travel 88 feet
Speed 2
 Test
Strip Distance = 200 feet
 Seconds to travel strip = 27 seconds
(200 / 27 seconds) x 0.682 =
5 MPH
So What!
Speed Effects on GPA
Current GPA x Present MPH = New GPA
New GPA
Page 100 for example
20 GPA x 3 MPH
10 GPA
= 60 = 6 MPH
10
ROW Manual – Pg 15
New GPA = Current GPA x Current MPH
New MPH
25 GPA x 5 MPH
7 MPH
= 125 = 17.8 or 18 GPA
7