International Atomic Energy Agency
" Effective Training Methods in Nuclear
Engineering and Science to provide the Needed
Infrastructure Development in Egypt "
Ahmed Abdel-Halim
Former Deputy Head of IAEA Tokyo Regional Office, Japan
Consultant
Division of Safeguards Technical Support (SGTS)
Conference on Nuclear Education,
Cairo/ Egypt March 2009
A. Abdel-Halim
3/23/2016
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International Atomic Energy Agency
Conference on Nuclear Education,
Cairo/ Egypt March 2009
A. Abdel-Halim
3/23/2016
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International Atomic Energy Agency
Nuclear Fuel Cycle Training
The Activities of the Nuclear fuel Cycle are divided into:
Front-end :
1. Uranium exploration,
2. Mining of uranium ore,
3. Milling and refining of the ore to produce the YELLOW CAKE,
4. Production of UF6,,
5. Isotopic enrichment of U to attain reactor enrichment
requirements (4-5 % U 235),
6. Fuel fabrication and utilization in Nuclear Power Plant.
Back-end:
1. Temporary or long-term spent fuel storage,
2. Spent fuel reprocessing for recovery of plutonium and uranium for
recycling ,
3. Mixed oxide fuel fabrication to be used in FBRs / LWRs,
4. Radioactive waste management ( treatment, conditioning and
disposal)
Conference on Nuclear Education,
Cairo/ Egypt March 2009
A. Abdel-Halim
3/23/2016
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International Atomic Energy Agency
An overview of Nuclear
Safety, Security &
Safeguard (N3S)
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Providing for application of standards for the:
Safety of nuclear installations
Safety of radioactive sources
Safety of transport of radioactive waste
Management of radioactive waste
Simulator
Security of nuclear installations, nuclear material and
radioactive material
Safeguards of declared nuclear materials and activities
Conference on Nuclear Education,
Cairo/ Egypt March 2009
A. Abdel-Halim
3/23/2016
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International Atomic Energy Agency
An overview of Safeguards Training Course
with IAEA
Curriculum:
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International Safeguard (Legal Agreements and IAEA
Requirements)
International Safeguard (Strategies and Verification
Techniques)
Nuclear Material Accounting and Control
Establishment and Maintenance of a State System of
Accounting for and Control of Nuclear Materials (SSAC)
Strengthened Safeguard System
Effectiveness of State Systems
Conference on Nuclear Education,
Cairo/ Egypt March 2009
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International Atomic Energy Agency
Nuclear Engineering Case Study
Engineers will be needed in the following area:
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Nuclear Technology Licensing- an urgent need as the core designs are
being assessed by ENPPs
Design Review and Assessment- high level nuclear, civil, mechanical,
electrical, chemical and control/instrument engineering skills to allow
proper technology selection
Civil and structural engineering- very large inputs on site specific
issues of foundation design, seismic, coastal protection and nuclear
buildings
Integration engineering-design integration for the complete power
plant
Project and programme management
Construction management
Cost engineering
Conference on Nuclear Education,
Cairo/ Egypt March 2009
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3/23/2016
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International Atomic Energy Agency
 The value in training a new generation of nuclear engineers
 What is the term" nuclear engineer”?
I recognise four broad categories:
A) Engineers who understand the fundamental physics and design of
nuclear reactor and system technology. These are the specialist
engineers required for licensing of new NPP,
B) Those qualified in a a range of engineering disciplines (e.g. electrical,
mechanical, civil or control) but who need in addition to have the
specialist knowledge together with post graduate training on the job to
equip them to work with safety and regulatory standards required in
the nuclear field,
C) A still larger number who can support project engineering, design
adaptation, subsystem procurement, construction, commissioning,
operation and maintenance activities, rather than the fundamental
physics or design of nuclear power plant,
D) A large number of engineers who are generalists but work on nuclear
for part of their career, e.g. by designing the cooling water system for a
NPP.
Conference on Nuclear Education,
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International Atomic Energy Agency
Without engineers, NPPs will not be built.
Even though the core technology for new NPP will
be imported as finished designs from international
manufactures, a vast engineering effort will be
needed to apply the core technology to form a
working environment.
Conference on Nuclear Education,
Cairo/ Egypt March 2009
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International Atomic Energy Agency
Proposed Education and Training Fields at
Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA)
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Nuclear Power and Nuclear Fuel Cycle Technology
Nuclear Safety Codes and Standards
Nuclear Safety Improvements
Radioactive Waste Management Technology
Radiation Protection
Radioisotope Production and Radiation Application
Technology
Non-Destructive Testing Technology
Basic Nuclear Science and Technology
Reactor Design Technology
Nuclear Policy
Nuclear Chemistry
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Cairo/ Egypt March 2009
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International Atomic Energy Agency
Proposal of Nuclear Education & Training Center in EGYPT
Missions of NET Center:
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Development of Nuclear Education and Training Programs
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Implementation of International Nuclear Training Programs
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Implementation of Nuclear Training Programs for Domestic
Industry / Hospitals (Nuclear Medicine Dept’s) Personnel
Implementation of Nuclear Experiment Education
Programs for University Students
Implementation of Internal Education Programs for R&D
Staff Members
Conference on Nuclear Education,
Cairo/ Egypt March 2009
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International Atomic Energy Agency
Nuclear Fuel Cycle Training (cont’d)
 Past training in Nuclear Fuel Cycle Technology
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During 80S and 90s of last century the Agency (IAEA) has organised
20 international and regional training courses in the various fields of
the nuclear fuel cycle, mainly in the front-end of the cycle.
A large part of training was carried out through the Agency's
fellowship and scientific visit programme.
 Need for education and training
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The creation of the “nuclear culture" could be the best guarantee for
successful and safe use of nuclear energy for peaceful applications.
The first and most important condition for the safe introduction and
evolution of the nuclear energy is the high level of “nuclear “
education and professional qualification
Conference on Nuclear Education,
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International Atomic Energy Agency
Nuclear Fuel Cycle Training (cont’d)
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This precondition helps to avoid dangerous
mistakes and unpredictable accidents (e.g. TMI-2
(1979), Chernobyl(1986)) and guarantees safety
for the country and the world.
Increasing of the “nuclear culture” in developing
countries is a vital problem for the world
community. The IAEA system of technical cooperation is one of the best mechanism to combat
this problem by providing training courses ,
seminars and conferences.
Conference on Nuclear Education,
Cairo/ Egypt March 2009
A. Abdel-Halim
3/23/2016
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International Atomic Energy Agency
Networking for Nuclear Education and Training
The growing demand for power and non-power
applications of nuclear technologies would require a
sustainable supply of well qualified nuclear workforce.
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The Asian Network for Education in Nuclear Technology,
(ANENT), was established in 2004
European Nuclear Engineering Network (ENEN)
World Nuclear University (WNU), London
World Nuclear Association (WNA), London
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International Atomic Energy Agency
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Networking for Nuclear Education and Training
Activities of NET:
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Exchange of information and materials for education and training
-Establish and maintain a web-based network to support all NET activities
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Facilitating exchange of students, teachers and researchers
– Work with IAEA and other regional and international organization to
establish a working mechanism for supporting the exchange.
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Distance learning
– Compilation of available distance learning material;
– Making the material available to NET-web and other electronic media;
– Setting up new NET distance learning courses
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Establishment of reference curricula and facilitating mutual recognition of
qualifications
Conference on Nuclear Education,
Cairo/ Egypt March 2009
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International Atomic Energy Agency
Present Status of Nuclear Education
The decrease in qualified personnel has been evident
since the nineties due to:
- retirement of the aging workers,
- lack of replacement workers,
- students are not interested in professional opportunities in this area.
Next slide shows an example of Nuclear Engineering enrolment in US
universities.
Similar situation is occurring in:
- Japan,
- China,
- R.O. Korea,
- UK and
- Canada
Conference on Nuclear Education,
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International Atomic Energy Agency
Present Status of Nuclear Education (cont’d)
Nuclear Engineering enrolment in USA universities
Conference on Nuclear Education,
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International Atomic Energy Agency
Nuclear Education Trends in Selected Countries
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USA: By the year 2007 there were 30 programs for nuclear
engineering education in the U.S. (Nuclear Engineering Education
Sourcebook 2006-2007, North American Edition), important efforts were
under way with the Department of Energy (DOE) and other agencies to
improve the conditions of nuclear teaching and research activities in the
Universities and National Labs (e.g. LANL,ORNL, etc).
Conference on Nuclear Education,
Cairo/ Egypt March 2009
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International Atomic Energy Agency
Nuclear Education Trends in Selected Countries (cont’d)
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Hungary: Nuclear education and training have been closely linked to
the construction, operation and future of the country’s nuclear power
plant. Programs specializing in nuclear power, radiochemistry and
nuclear measurement techniques, for example, have been offered
over the years within the framework of technical and scientific
programs. With the IAEA’s assistance, a nuclear maintenance
centre was built and a new generation of instructors were trained, as a
part of a project to improve the nuclear plant’s professional training
system and conditions.
-B.Sc. and M.Sc. degree courses in Nuclear Engineering at the
Technical University of Budapest.
-Basic theoretical training provided by the University for NPP
personnel in radiation protection, emergency procedures and
planning, radiological accident management for radiation
workers.
Conference on Nuclear Education,
Cairo/ Egypt March 2009
A. Abdel-Halim
3/23/2016
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International Atomic Energy Agency
Nuclear Education Trends in Selected Countries (cont’d)
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France: Next slide shows the main activities related to teaching and
training in nuclear sciences and techniques at the Institut National de
Sciences et Techniques Nucléaires (ISTN). All of these programs
have a strong support since the nuclear fraction in the French Electric
is about 77%.
Conference on Nuclear Education,
Cairo/ Egypt March 2009
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International Atomic Energy Agency
Table 1. Nuclear options at the INSTN
{Institut National de Sciences et Techniques Nucléaires} France
Degree
Orientation
Master of Science
Research or Professional in: Nuclear Waste, Materials
Radiations, Biomedical Engineering etc.
Atomic Engineering
Two semesters of courses and experiments on:
Neutronics, Thermo-hydraulic Analysis, Materials,
Instrumentation, Health Physics, Fuel cycles, Nuclear
economy, etc.
Third Cycle
Doctorate
Diplomes DEA, DESS
Second Cycle
License
Reactor Dismantling and Waste Management
Second Cycle
License
Nuclear Techniques and Health Physics
Several Certificates
Nuclear Medicine, Radiopharmacy, Medical Physics,
etc.
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International Atomic Energy Agency
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International Atomic Energy Agency
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International Atomic Energy Agency
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International Co-operation
IAEA is a world promoter of Nuclear Education and Training through
its two main pillars: International Nuclear Information System (INIS) and
Electronic Nuclear Training Catalogue (ENTRAC)
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Cairo/ Egypt March 2009
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3/23/2016
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International Atomic Energy Agency
International Co-operation (cont’d)
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INIS
is the World’s Nuclear Knowledge Reservoir.
INIS is becoming the foundation for the preservation and exchange of
knowledge in the fields of nuclear science and technology.
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INIS strength comes from the fact that is based on international cooperation among Member States and global organizations.
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INIS has grown from 25 in 1969 to 117 Member States and 23
International Organizations in 2008
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INIS main products are: the bibliographic database and the unique full
text Non-Conventional Literature (NCL) which are not easily available
through commercial channels and includes scientific and technical reports,
patents conference proceedings and theses.
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International Atomic Energy Agency
International Co-operation (cont’d)
The INIS database covers a broad range of subjects within the nuclear field:
- Nuclear Energy, including nuclear engineering; nuclear
instrumentation and the nuclear fuel cycle;
- Nuclear Safety;
- Nuclear Safeguards, non-perforation;
- Radioactive waste management;
- Radiation protection;
- Nuclear physics;
- Nuclear chemistry;
- Life sciences and environmental aspects;
- Isotopes and nuclear applications in earth sciences; agriculture;
biology; medicine and industry;
- Fusion research and technology; and
- Economic, legal and social aspects.
Conference on Nuclear Education,
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International Atomic Energy Agency
Recent success stories:
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TC projects to enhance the national INIS Centres in:
Egypt
Tajikistan
Azerbaijan
These INIS Centres have already started providing relevant nuclear
information services to researchers and engineers within their national
boundaries
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International Atomic Energy Agency
Nuclear Education in Canada
University Network of Excellence in Nuclear Engineering
(UNENE)
What is UNENE?
UNENE is an industry driven alliance of prominent
Canadian universities and nuclear industry
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International Atomic Energy Agency
University Members
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McMaster University
Queen’s University
University of Toronto
University of Waterloo
University of Western Ontario
University of Ontario Institute of Technology
Ecole of Polytechnique
University of New Brunswick
Royal Military College
University of Guelph
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International Atomic Energy Agency
Current Industry Membership
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Ontario Power Generation (OPG)
Bruce Power (BP)
Atomic Energy of Canada Limited (AECL)
CANDU Owners Group (COG)
Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission (CNSC)
Nuclear Safety Solutions (NSS)
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International Atomic Energy Agency
University Research Areas
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The UNENE are covering a variety of courses in areas that are
fundamental to nuclear power design , operation and safety as well as to
industrial applications which use nuclear techniques:
Nuclear Reactor physics
Nuclear plant systems and operations
Reactor thermalhydraulics
Project management for nuclear engineering
Nuclear Materials
Radiation health risks and benefits
Power plants thermodynamics
Engineering risk and reliability
Control, instrumentation in CANDU based nuclear power
Reactor Chemistry and corrosion
Fuel management
Nuclear Fuel waste management
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International Atomic Energy Agency
Proposed 2 years course Syllabus
for
Engineers and Scientists
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Basic Concepts
- Energy
- Atoms and nuclei
- Radioactivity
- Nuclear Process
- Radiation and Materials
-Fission
-Fusion
Nuclear Systems
- Particle Accelerators
- Isotope Separators
- Radiation Detectors
- Neutron Chain Reactions
- Nuclear Heat Energy
- Breeder Reactors
- Fusion Rectors
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International Atomic Energy Agency
Proposed 2 years course Syllabus
for
Engineers and Scientists (cont’d)
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Nuclear Energy and Man
- The History of Nuclear Energy
- Biological Effects of Radiation
- Information and Isotopes
- Useful Radiation Effects
- Reactor Safety and Security
- Radiation Protection
- Radioactive Waste Management
- Nuclear Explosions
- Laws, Regulations, and Organisations
- Energy Economics
- International Nuclear Power
- The Future
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International Atomic Energy Agency
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International Atomic Energy Agency
Thank you very much for your
attention !!
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International Atomic Energy Agency