Engineering
Management
Systems Engineering
Management
MSE607B
Chapter 3
System Design Requirements
Learning Objectives
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Cover the design requirements through the development
of specifications
Review some of the details as they pertain to individual
design disciplines
Introduction to a select sample of disciplines
Importance of design integration through application of
system engineering methods
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A Systems Engineer
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A ‘big picture’ person
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Focuses on stakeholder objectives
Takes Broad perspective
Nothing left out, detail oriented
Considers all contingencies
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Total System Design
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Defined as:
• “The systematic activity necessary, beginning with
identification of the user need to the selling and delivery of a
product that will satisfy the need”
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Encompasses product, process, people and
organization
Evolve from initial identification of a need
Developed through the accomplishment of feasibility
analysis
Design activities are included within each of the life
cycle basic functions
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Development of Design Requirements
and “Design-To” Criteria
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Define and allocate appropriate criteria for the
system elements
 Break down of the system into elements
• Equipment
• Software
• People
• Facilities
• Data
• Information
 Specific, qualitative, quantitative
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Development of Specifications
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Establish the criteria for judging the performance of the
system
Determine whether the objectives of system are being
achieved
Criterion include:
• Qualitative
• Quantitative
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Development of Specifications
(Cont’d)
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Integration of System
Design Activities
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Based on the specification and established goals
 Categories of engineering expertise identified for the
design and development of the system depends on:
• System nature and complexity
• Size of the project
 Highly dynamic, utilizing various specialties at various
times
 Requires understanding, appreciation, communications
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Selected Design
Engineering Disciplines
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Systems Engineering
• Establishes the baseline system design
• Allocates system requirements
• Establishes measures of effectiveness for ranking
alternative designs
• Integrates the design among the design disciplines
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Selected Design
Engineering Disciplines (Cont’d)
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Software Engineering
 Reliability Engineering
 Maintainability Engineering
 Human Factors Engineering
 Safety Engineering
 Security Engineering
 Manufacturing and Production Engineering
 Logistics and Supportability Engineering
 Disposability Engineering
 Quality Engineering
 Environmental Engineering
 Value/Cost Engineering
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Software Engineering
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Is the establishment and use of
sound engineering principles to
obtain economically software that is
reliable and works on real machines
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Application of a systematic, disciplined, quantifiable
approach to the development, operation, and
maintenance of software
• The application of engineering to software
 Best-practice processes used to create and/or maintain
software
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Reliability Engineering
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Systematic application of time-honored engineering
principles and techniques throughout a product
lifecycle
• Is an essential component of a good Product Lifecycle
Management (PLM) program
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Goal:
• Evaluate the inherent reliability of a product or process and
pinpoint potential areas for reliability improvement.
• All failures cannot be eliminated from a design
• Identify the most likely failures and then
• Identify appropriate actions to mitigate the effects of
those failures
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Maintainability Engineering
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Ensure system availability at optimum Life Cycle Cost
Key in the availability a system is its down time
• Time required to bring a failed system back to operation
• Normally attributed to maintenance activities
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To increase system's availability minimize the downtime
• Does not happen at random
• Ensure full consideration is given during the conceptual and
design phase
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Assure maintainability characteristics of a system
Implementing specific design practices
Validated through maintainability assessment process
• Utilizing both analyses and testing
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Human Factors Engineering
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For example
• A light switch that operates a lamp across the room.
Arranging light switches so there's no mystery as to what
light they turn on is good human factors design
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Human Factors takes into consideration capabilities
and limitations of the human operator
• Both physical and mental
• How these should be used to guide the design of systems
with which people interact
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Important when implementing mission-critical avionics
and aviation systems for military or commercial
applications
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Safety Engineering
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Goals
• Manage the safety program
• Protect valuable assets from accidental harm
• Detect safety incidents
• i.e., accidents and near misses
• React to safety incidents
• Adapt to avoid future incidents
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Safety Engineering (cont.)
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Objectives
• Develop a safety program and document it in a safety
program plan
• Monitor the status of the safety program
• Assess and certify compliance of:
• The endeavor to its safety program plan
• Work products to their safety goals and requirements
• Eliminate or mitigate hazards
• Develop safety requirements
• Ensure that safety risks are at an acceptable level
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Safety’s Role in the
Cost & Schedule Paradigm
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Safety can play a significant and sometimes
contributory role in the cost and schedule paradigm
 Safety’s contribution can impact the cost and
schedule both positively and negatively
 The goal of any project should be to achieve a balance
in terms of cost and safety
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Security Engineering
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The effort to achieve and maintain optimal security
and survivability of a system throughout its life
cycle.
Protect information systems from
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Corruption
Eavesdropping
Unauthorized use
General malice
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Manufacturing and
Production Engineering
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Functions
• Analyze and plan work force utilization, space
requirements, and workflow
• They Develop step-by-step methods
• Design the layout of equipment and workspace
• Decide when and where to use robots, computer-aided
design (CAD), and computer-aided manufacturing (CAM)
• Recommend changes in the design of a product
• Confer with management on production capabilities,
schedules, and problems
• Determine product specifications
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Manufacturing and
Production Engineering (cont.)
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Functions
• Arrange for purchase of equipment, materials, or parts and
evaluate them
• Estimate production times and determine how many
workers are required
• Devise racks, bins, or other containers
• Design the layout of equipment and workspace
• Recommend changes in the design of a product
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Logistics and
Supportability Engineering
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Supportability Engineering
• Determine the optimum operating, support and disposal
requirement of a system or equipment over its whole-life
under given conditions
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For operator
• Provides the definition and cost of whole-life support
For supplier
• Provides the definition and revenue from whole-life support
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Can also be applied for an individual equipment, or
product line
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Disposability Engineering
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What disposition assigned to items as they are phased
out of the inventory
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Eliminating waste
Minimizing cost
Precluding negative impacts on the environment
Allow recycle or reuse
More important now than in the past because…
• Resources become scarce
• Environmental concerns increase
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Quality Engineering
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A set of activities to ensure quality characteristics of a
product are at the nominal or required levels
Consists of quality assurance and quality control
Maximize the quality of the process, system, and the
products it produces
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Inspection and test planning
Data analysis
Corrective action
Interface with marketing and engineering
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Environmental Engineering
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Assist with the development of :
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Water distribution systems
Recycling methods
Sewage treatment plants
Other pollution prevention
Control systems in the water, air, and land
Constantly seek new ways to reduce air pollution and
pesticides
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Value/Cost Engineering
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Define business and manufacturing problems and
opportunities to:
• Solving problems by analyzing functions
• Assessing value (cost and performance) of functions
• Identify and close gaps to achieve business value
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Benefits
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Reduce cost for system products and components
Reduce operating and maintenance costs
Reduce processing time and material or procedures
Reduce product transition time
Improve operability of a facility and quality of a process or
product
• Improve process yield, maintainability, and reliability
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Interactive Workshop
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Software Engineering is:
a) Application of systematic, disciplined, quantifiable
approach to the development, operation, and
maintenance of software.
b) Application of systematic, disciplined, quantifiable
approach to the development, operation, and
maintenance of hardware.
c) Application of CAD/CAM programming
d) Application of ATE programming
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Interactive Workshop
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Security Engineering is:
a) The effort to achieve and maintain optimal security
and survivability of the employees
b) The effort to achieve and maintain optimal security
and survivability of a system throughout its life cycle
c) Has nothing to do with systems engineering
d) Both (a) and (b)
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Interactive Workshop
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Environmental Engineering:
a) Determine the optimum operating, support and disposal
of a system
b) Maximize the quality of the process, system, and the
products it produces
c) Constantly seek new ways to reduce air pollution and
pesticides
d) Constantly seek new ways to increase air pollution and
pesticides
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Interactive Workshop
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Integration of system engineering activities depends
on:
a) System nature and complexity
b) The size of the project
c) System achieving design objectives
d) Both (a) and (b)
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Interactive Workshop
 Development
Specification and Product Specification are:
a) Also called Type “A” and Type “B”
b) Based on “Make-or-Buy” decisions
c) Also called Type “C” and Type “D”
d) Developed during detail design
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Summary
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Certain degree of interdependence
Maintainability is based on reliability
Supportability is based on reliability and maintainability
Safety is based on human factors
Disciplines build on each other
Communication is essential
• Free exchange of design-related data
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The need to integrate these activities into a total effective
engineering design effort is a major aspect of system
engineering
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Homework Assignment
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Chapter 3 - Textbook page 196
Answer questions 1, 3, 11, 20, 23, 29, and 33.
Use homework format provided in course
website
Read Chapter 4 - Engineering Design Methods
and Tools
• Pages 201-222
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Questions? Comments?
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