Evolution – Day 4
1. Define natural selection. How are adaptations and natural selection related?
2. Over time, a population of jaguars that had a variety of jaw sizes evolved to only have large jaws in the
population. Explain why this may have happened.
3. Explain what is wrong with this statement: birds with only long thin beaks moved to an island with
hard nuts as the primary food source. Their beaks changed to be strong beaks so they could eat the nuts
and survive and reproduce.
4. Define, give an example of, and draw a graph to represent each of the following types of selection:
stabilizing, directional, disruptive.
5. Define microevolution.
6. Define genetic drift. What are two types of genetic drift? Define each and give an example of each.
7. Define reproductive isolation. This leads to a stop in the flow of genetic material (gene flow) between
two populations - explain what this means for evolution.
8. What are the sources of genetic variation within a population? How does overall health/fitness
contribute?
9. If a mutation occurs in the gene for wing color in moths, what has increase: (circle all that apply)
a. The number of genes for wing color
b. The number of alleles for wing color
c. The wing color diversity in the population
d. Selection pressures on wing color
10. Explain why genetic variation/phenotypic variation is important for evolution.
11. List the 5 evidences of evolution & include HOW they are evidence for evolution. Give examples of
each type of evidence.
12. What is a homologous structure? How is it evidence for evolution? Give examples.
13. How do scientists use fossils to learn about evolution? Explain how each method of dating fossils
works.
14. The occurrence of large or small beak sizes among seed cracker birds in the absence of medium-sized
beaks is an example of which of the following?:
a. directional selection
b. stabilizing selection
c. disruptive selection
15. Use the below table to answer the next 2 questions.
Ecology & Designing a Controlled Experiment – Day 5
1. What are the 5 levels of organization in an ecosystem?
2. Name which level from above would go with each description.
Frog Frogs, birds, plants Temperate Forest Frogs Frogs, birds, plants, rocks, and wind –
3. Define biotic & abiotic factors and give examples of each.
4.
Which statement is a correct description of Ursus spelaeus based on the above food web?
A. It is an omnivore which feeds on Lemmus lemmus.
B. It is a producer preyed upon by Vaccinium oxycoccos.
C. It is a top carnivore and a primary consumer.
D. It is a decomposer and it competes with Rangifer tarandus.
5. Which of the following is characteristic of parasitism?
a.
One organism kills and consumes another.
b.
Two organisms live together and neither is harmed.
c.
Two organisms feed side by side from the same food.
d.
Two organisms nourish each other; both benefit.
e.
One organism lives in or on another and benefits.
6. What is symbiosis? Name and describe the three specific types of symbiotic relationships.
7. Definite density-dependent & density-independent limiting factors & give an example of each.
8. Which of the following could be considered a limiting factor?
a. nitrogen available to producers in a field
b. competition between wolves for moose to eat
c. a tornado destroys a forest, which was the habitat for many populations.
d. all of the above
e. none of the above
9. What is biodiversity? Why is it important? What are some things humans are doing to threaten
biodiversity?
10. Define introduced species & invasive species. What are some possible outcomes when a new species
is introduced to a new ecosystem?
11. The progressive series of changes that eventually produce a climax community on what was once a bare
rocky island is an example of
a.
primary succession.
b.
speciation.
c.
secondary succession.
d.
evolution.
12. Define renewable & non-renewable resources and give examples of each. The use of which would be
considered a positive impact on the environment?
13. Consider the below food web. What may happen to the producer population if the primary consumer
population was decreased?
GrassRabbitSnakeHawk
14. Short answer: The below graph shows the relationship between a predator (Canada lynx) and its
prey (snowshoe hare) on an island.
Part A. Identify & explain the relationship between the predator & prey’s population size.
Part B. Why did the population of the lynx rapidly increase between years 19-23?
Part C. What do you expect to see happen to each population size from years 70-80 based on the graph?
Explain.
Setting up valid experiments
1. Why is it important to only vary one independent variable at a time in an experiment?
2. What is a hypothesis? In what format are hypotheses normally written?
3. Would the following records be considered qualitative or quantitative data?: 27 cm, 0°C, 32 g