RNA
Transcription, Translation
and Protein Synthesis
RNA
Phosphate
Group
O
O=P-O
O
Nitrogenous base
(A, U , G, C )
5
CH2
O
N
Sugar
(ribose)
C4
C3
C1
C2
RNA
• Function: obtain
information from
DNA & synthesizes
proteins
3 differences from DNA
1. Single strand
instead of double
strand
2. Ribose instead of
deoxyribose
3. Uracil instead of
thymine
3 types of RNA
1. Messenger RNA (mRNA)- copies
information from DNA for protein
synthesis
Codon- 3 base pairs that
code for a single amino
acid.
codon
3 types of RNA
2. Transfer RNA (tRNA)collects amino acids for
protein synthesis
Anticodon-a sequence of 3
bases that are
complementary base pairs
to a codon in the mRNA
3 types of RNA
3. Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)- combines
with proteins to form ribosomes
Amino Acids
• Amino acids- the building
blocks of protein
• At least one kind of tRNA is
present for each of the 20
amino acids used in protein
synthesis.
Transcription - mRNA is made from DNA &
goes to the ribosome
Translation - Proteins are made from the
message on the mRNA
Transcription
• In order for cells to make
proteins, the DNA code
must be transcribed
(copied) to mRNA.
• The mRNA carries the code
from the nucleus to the
ribosomes.
Translation
• At the ribosome,
amino acids (AA) are
linked together to
form specific
proteins.
• The amino acid
sequence is directed
by the mRNA
molecule.
Amino acids
ribosome
Make A Protein
• DNA sequence
ATG AAA AAC AAG GTA TAG
• mRNA sequence
UAC UUU UUG UUC CAU AUC
Make mRNA
• mRNA sequence
UAC UUU UUG UUC CAU AUC
• tRNA sequence
AUG AAA AAC AAG GUA UAG
Make mRNA
• tRNA sequence
AUG AAA AAC AAG GUA UAG
• Amino Acid sequence
met lys asn
lys
val stop