Lesson 1—Thinking as a Hobby
Part Four
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ENTER
Lesson 1—Thinking as a Hobby
Language Study
I.
Word Study
II.
Phrases and Expressions
III. Word Building
IV.
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Grammar
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Lesson 1—Thinking as a Hobby
I.
Word Study
Word list:
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1. acquaintance
8.
heady
2. anguish
9.
hustle
3. bulge
10. impediment
4. confer
11. integrate
5. contemplate
12. muscular
6. contempt
13. proficient
7. exalt
14. stampede
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Lesson 1—Thinking as a Hobby
I.
Word Study
1. acquaintance
n. a. (CN) a person whom one knows
b. (UN) knowledge or information about something
or someone
n. acquaintanceship
v. acquaint: to come to know personally; to make
familiar; to inform;
Examples:
Mrs. Bosomley has become merely a nodding
acquaintance.
Few of my acquaintances like Sheila.
The guide has some acquaintance with Italian.
He has a wide acquaintanceship among all sorts of
people.
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To be continued on the next page.
Translation
点头之交
认识的人
懂一点意大利语
交往甚广
Lesson 1—Thinking as a Hobby
I.
Word Study
Examples:
Let me acquaint you with my family.
You must acquaint yourself with your new duties.
Please acquaint us with your plans.
Expressions:
be (become, get) acquainted with:
I am already acquainted with the facts.
make sb.’s acquaintance (make the acquaintance of sb.):
So pleased to have made your acquaintance.
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Lesson 1—Thinking as a Hobby
I.
Word Study
Synonyms
2. anguish
v. (vi.) to feel or suffer anguish
n. agonizing physical or mental pain;torment
a. anguished
Examples:
She was in anguish over her missing child.
anguished cries
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suffering, agony,
distress, grief,
heartache,
heartbreak, misery,
pain sorrow,
torment, torture
Lesson 1—Thinking as a Hobby
I.
Word Study
3. bulge
v. to curve outward; to swell up; to stick out
n. a. a protruding part; an outward curve or
swelling
His pocket was bulging with sweets.
The baby boom created a bulge in school
enrollment.
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protrude
project
b. a sudden, usually temporary increase in
number or quantity
Examples:
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Synonyms
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To be continued on the next page.
stick out
Lesson 1—Thinking as a Hobby
I.
Word Study
protrude
v. to push or thrust outward; to jut out
Examples:
Helen’s teeth protrude too far.
The policeman saw a gun protruding from the
man’s pocket.
Nails protruded from the board and had to be
removed for safety.
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Lesson 1—Thinking as a Hobby
I.
Word Study
4. confer
v. a. to bestow (e.g. an honor) 授予
b. to invest with (a characteristic) 赋予；使带有
c. (vi.) to meet in order to deliberate together
or compare views 协商
Examples:
The government conferred a medal on the hero.
Diplomas were conferred on members of graduating
class.
The engineers and technicians are still conferring on
the unexpected accident.
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To be continued on the next page.
Synonym
award
Lesson 1—Thinking as a Hobby
I.
Word Study
award
v. a. to grant as merited or due
b.to give as legally due
Examples:
Martin Ruther King Jr. was awarded the peace
Nobel Prize of 1964 for advocating nonviolence
policy in the movement for civil rights.
He was awarded his damages in the shipwreck by
the court.
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Lesson 1—Thinking as a Hobby
I.
Word Study
Synonyms
5. contemplate
v. a. to look at attentively and thoughtfully
consider
b. to consider carefully and at length;
ponder
c. to have in mind as an intention or possibility
meditate
deliberate
Examples:
She stood contemplating her figure in the mirror.
The young surgeon contemplated the difficult
operation of kidney transplant.
She is contemplating a trip to Europe, but she
hasn’t planned it yet.
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brood over
Lesson 1—Thinking as a Hobby
I.
Word Study
6. contempt
n. scorn; a feeling that sb. or sth. is not important
and does not deserve any respect
Example:
I feel nothing but contempt for such dishonest
behavior.
Expressions: be beneath contempt
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极为荒谬可鄙的
bring into contempt
使受人鄙视
hold in contempt
鄙视，蔑视
in contempt of
不顾，不把······放在眼里
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To be continued on the next page.
Word
formation
a. contemptible
contemptuous
Lesson 1—Thinking as a Hobby
I.
Word Study
contemptible: deserving of contempt; despicable
卑劣的，可鄙的
contemptuous: manifesting or feeling contempt; scornful
鄙视的；看不起；鄙视的
Examples:
It was contemptible of him to speak like that about
a respectable teacher!
It was a contemptible trick to tell lies and play on
an old friend!
He was contemptuous of Britain’s army.
Seeing I failed to understand, he gave me a
contemptuous look.
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Lesson 1—Thinking as a Hobby
I.
Word Study
7. exalt
v. a. to raise in rank, character, or status
b. to glorify, praise, or honor
c. to increase the effect or intensity of
exalted
a. excited; noble; exaggerated
Examples:
Complementary colors exalt each other.
He was exalted to the position of president.
The retiring professor is exalted by his colleagues.
an exalted dedication to liberty
He has an exalted sense of his importance to the project.
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Lesson 1—Thinking as a Hobby
I.
Word Study
8. heady a.
Try to translate the following phrases:
heady liqueur
醉人的烈酒
the heady news of triumph
振奋人心的获胜消息
a heady outburst of anger
猛一声怒喝
a heady current
一股湍流
heady tactics
机敏的战术
too heady to reason with
太专横而无法与之理论
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Lesson 1—Thinking as a Hobby
I.
Word Study
9. hustle
vt. a. to convey in a hurried or rough manner
b. to cause or urge to proceed quickly
c. to gain by energetic effort
vi. to work or move energetically and rapidly
Examples:
The police hustled the prisoner into a van.
Mother hustled the children off to school lest
they should be late.
We hustled to get dinner ready on time.
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Lesson 1—Thinking as a Hobby
I.
Word Study
10. impediment
Synonyms
n. a. a fact or event which makes action difficult
or impossible
b. an organic defect preventing clear articulation
Examples:
The main impediment to development is the
country’s huge foreign debt.
He has an impediment in speech. 他讲话口吃。
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To be continued on the next page.
hinder
block
hamper
dam
impede
bar
obstruct
Lesson 1—Thinking as a Hobby
I.
Word Study
hinder: to hold back, as by delaying (implying stopping
or prevention)
The travelers were hindered by storms throughout
their journey.
hamper: to hinder by or as if by fastening or entangling
A suit and an overcoat hampered the efforts of the
accident victim to swim to safety.
impede: to slow by making action or movement difficult
Sentiment and eloquence serve only to impede the
pursuit of truth.
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To be continued on the next page.
Lesson 1—Thinking as a Hobby
I.
Word Study
obstruct: implies the presence of obstacles that interfere
with progress
A building under construction obstructs our view of the
mountains.
block: to complete obstruction that prevents progress,
passage, or action
A huge snowdrift is blocking the entrance to the
driveway.
dam: suggests obstruction of the flow, progress, or
release of something, such as water or emotion
They dammed the brook to form a swimming pool.
bar: to prevent entry or exit or prohibit a course of action
Mounted troops barred access to the presidential
palace.
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Lesson 1—Thinking as a Hobby
I.
Word Study
11. integrate
v. a. to make into a whole by bringing all parts
together; to unify
b. to join with something else; unite
disintegrate: to become reduced to components,
fragments, or particles
Examples:
Many suggestions are needed to integrate the plan.
The teachers are trying to integrate all the children
into society.
The extracted case was so old it just disintegrated
when a worker picked it up.
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Word
formation
a. integrated
综合的，完整的
Lesson 1—Thinking as a Hobby
I.
Word Study
12. muscular
Comparison
a. a. of, relating to, or consisting of muscle
b. having well-developed muscles
c. having or suggesting great power;
forceful or vigorous
Examples:
a muscular build 一副强壮的体格
muscular contraction 肌肉的收缩
muscular advocacy groups 有力的拥护团体
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masculine
男性的，男子气概的，
[语法] 阳性的
Lesson 1—Thinking as a Hobby
I.
Word Study
13. proficient
Synonyms
a. having or marked by an advanced degree of
competence, as in an art, vocation, profession,
or branch of learning
n. an expert; an adept
Examples:
A proficient surgeon is the product of lengthy
training and experience.
She is proficient at/in figure skating.
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skillful
skilled
adept
expert
Lesson 1—Thinking as a Hobby
I.
Word Study
14. stampede
v. to (to cause to) flee in panic or to act on mass
impulse
n. a. a sudden frenzied or headlong rush or flight
b. a mass impulsive action
Examples:
Rumors of a shortage stampeded people into
buying up food.
a herd of stampeding cattle
a stampede of support for the candidate
纷纷支持那个候选人
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The end of Word Study.
Lesson 1—Thinking as a Hobby
II.
Phrases and Expressions
List:
1. at the time
7.
make for
2. do away with
8.
nothing but
3. few and far between
9.
on… occasion
4. for (one’s) money
10. out of one’s depth
5. in the flesh
11. think well of
6. lag behind
12. stand by
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Lesson 1—Thinking as a Hobby
II.
Phrases and Expressions
1. at the time
Please match the following phrases with their translations:
at a time
一度，曾经
at all times
在······时候
at one time
尽管如此，同时
at the time
有时候
at times
在最有利的时候
at the same time
在任何时候，经常
at the best of times
那时候
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Lesson 1—Thinking as a Hobby
II.
Phrases and Expressions
Translation
2. do away with
Please translate the following sentences:
废除体罚
They have done away with corporal punishment
消除高架线
in our school.
取消特权
The city has decided to do away with overhead
干掉受害者
wires.
处理掉旧机器
They agreed that privileges must be done away
with.
The robbers did away with their victims.
It is about time all this obsolete machinery was
done away with.
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Lesson 1—Thinking as a Hobby
II.
Phrases and Expressions
3. few and far between
“far” phrases
Examples:
In Nevada the towns are few and far between.
Really exciting games are few and far between.
Places where you can get water are few and far
between in the desert.
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To be continued on the next page.
“few” phrases
Lesson 1—Thinking as a Hobby
II.
Phrases and Expressions
far
as far as
就······而言；只要；一直走到
by far
最······，······得多
far and away
无疑地（和adj. adv.最高级连用）
far and near
到处，四面八方
far and wide
到处，各处
so far, so good
到目前为止，一切顺利。
so far from
非但不，相反······
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Lesson 1—Thinking as a Hobby
II.
Phrases and Expressions
few
Exercises
no fewer than
有······之多，至少有
not a few
不少，相当多
quite a few (a good few)
好些，相当多
the few
少数（有特殊要求的）人
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Lesson 1—Thinking as a Hobby
II.
Phrases and Expressions
Please fill in the blanks with “far” and “few”phrases:
We searched _____ for the missing child.
____; I hope we keep on with such good luck.
He is ____ the best-prepared candidate for the
Presidency.
They should be concentrated in one place ____ this is
reasonable.
There were ____ 500 people present.
____ readers wrote letters of commendation to the
magazine.
____ taking my advice, he went and did just what I
warned him against.
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Keys
far and near/
far and wide
So far, so good
far and away
as far as
no fewer than
Not a few
So far from
Lesson 1—Thinking as a Hobby
II.
Phrases and Expressions
4. for (one’s) money
“money” phrases
according to one’s opinion, choice, or preference
依照某人的意见、选择或偏好
Example:
For my money, it’s not worth the trouble.
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Lesson 1—Thinking as a Hobby
II.
Phrases and Expressions
Try to translate these sentences:
for love or
money
in the money
money to burn
one’s money’s
worth
Put money on
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I wouldn’t give him my dog for
love or money.
After years of struggle and
dependence, air transportation is
in the money.
Dick’s uncle died and left him
money to burn.
It is a bit expensive, but you get
your money’s worth.
to put money on outcome of a
race
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1. 无论如何，不管
以任何代价
2. 非常有钱，有利
可图
3. 大量的钱
4. 花钱值得
5. 为······打赌
Lesson 1—Thinking as a Hobby
II.
Phrases and Expressions
5. in the flesh
in the person, present
Examples:
I have corresponded with him for some years,but I
have never met him in the flesh.
He is nicer in the flesh than in his photograph.
flesh and blood:血肉之躯
Those sorrows are more than flesh and blood can bear.
The author doesn’t give his characters any flesh and blood.
逼真的形象
make one’s flesh creep: 使人毛骨悚然
His story made my flesh creep.
thorn in the flesh: 肉中刺
The guerrilla band was a thorn in the flesh of the invaders.
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Lesson 1—Thinking as a Hobby
II.
Phrases and Expressions
6. lag behind
to fail to keep up a pace; to straggle
Examples:
The elder people and children always lag behind
when we go for a walk.
Don’t let a single classmate lag behind.
He wondered darkly at how great a lag there
was between his thinking and his actions.
他暗暗惊讶于自己在思想和行动上有如此大的差距。
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Lesson 1—Thinking as a Hobby
II.
Phrases and Expressions
7. make for
to have or cause to have a particular effect or result;
to help promote; to go to a place or rush forward
Examples:
small details that make for comfort
Thoughtfulness makes for closer relationships.
This book makes for very enjoyable reading.
The convoy made for the open sea.
As soon as it started to rain we turned round
and made for home.
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Lesson 1—Thinking as a Hobby
II.
Phrases and Expressions
8. nothing but
“nothing”
phrases
only, merely
Examples:
Don’t have him for a friend: he’s nothing but a
criminal.
He had nothing for supper but a little piece of
cheese.
Nothing but roses meets the eye.
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To be continued on the next page.
Lesson 1—Thinking as a Hobby
II.
Phrases and Expressions
nothing doing
毫无，决不
nothing if not
极其，极端
nothing like
没有什么能比得上
nothing less than
不亚于，完全（强调其多、其大）
nothing more than 仅仅，只不过（强调其少、其小）
nothing much
非常少，没什么
nothing of the kind 哪里，不行
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To be continued on the next page.
Examples
Lesson 1—Thinking as a Hobby
II.
Phrases and Expressions
“Let’s go for a boat ride!” “Nothing doing!”
He was nothing if not clever.
There’s nothing like a holiday to make one fell rested.
Studying that lesson should take nothing like four
hours.
That’s nothing less than a miracle. (=no less than)
The drops didn’t get very big, and the earth received
nothing more than a drizzle. (=no more than)
“Anything interesting happening?” No, nothing much.
“I’m sorry to cause you trouble.” “ My dear friend, it’s
nothing of the kind.”
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Lesson 1—Thinking as a Hobby
II.
Phrases and Expressions
9. on… occasion
Chinese
Please translate the following sentences:
He talked about his his work on every occasion.
总是，不管什么时候
有几次
She was invited to the Master’s room on several
有时，遇必要时
occasions.
曾经，有一次
On occasion, we feel like celebrating and have a
party.
On one occasion, he landed in a deserted car
park.
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Lesson 1—Thinking as a Hobby
II.
Phrases and Expressions
10. out of one’s depth
水深过头；超越自己的能力；理解不了的
Examples:
Jack was not a good swimmer, add nearly
drowned when he drifted out beyond his depth.
I am out of my depth when it comes to natural
science.
in depth 广泛地；彻底地
a study in depth of the poems
explore a subject in depth
an in-depth study
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Lesson 1—Thinking as a Hobby
II.
Phrases and Expressions
11. think well of
not think much of
看轻
think better of sb.
对某人印象好；看重某人
think better of sth.
改变······念头；打消主意
think highly of
看重；器重
think well of
重视
think little of
看轻；看不起
think poorly of
不放在眼里；轻视
think nothing of
轻视；认为无所谓；认为没什
么了不起
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Try to make
some sentences
with the
phrases.
Lesson 1—Thinking as a Hobby
II.
Phrases and Expressions
12. stand by
a. to remain uninvolved; to refrain from acting
b. to remain loyal to; to aid or support
c. to keep or maintain
d. to be ready or available to act
Examples:
He stood by me through all my troubles.
The police are standing by to control the
crowd if it is necessary.
You should always stand by your promises.
You can’t stand by and allow such a thing.
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The end of Phrases and Expressions.
Lesson 1—Thinking as a Hobby
III. Word Building
List:
1. Prefix—hind-
2. Suffix— -ette
3. Derivative: orate
4. Suffix— -fer
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Lesson 1—Thinking as a Hobby
III. Word Building
prefix
hindquarters
Prefix—hindlocated at or forming the back or rear
Examples:
hindquarters n. 后腿，臀部
hindlimb (hind legs a.) n. (动物或昆虫的)后肢，下肢
hindsight n.枪的表尺，后瞄准器；后见之明，事后聪明
I now know with hindsight that I did him a
terrible wrong. 我事后才明白我完全冤枉了他。
hindmost a. 最后面的， 最后部的
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Lesson 1—Thinking as a Hobby
III. Word Building
statuette
suffix—-ette
a. small; diminutive 表示小的，小型的
b. female 表示女性的
c. an imitation or inferior kind of cloth
表示仿造品或衣料质地较差的
a. kitchenette 小厨房
luncheonette 小餐馆
b. usherette 女引座员
bachelorette 未婚女子
c. leatherette 人造革
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novelette 中或短篇
launderette 自动洗衣店
drum majorette 鼓乐
Lesson 1—Thinking as a Hobby
III. Word Building
oratory
orate v. to speak in a formal, pompous manner
oration n. a formal speech, especially one given on
a ceremonial occasion; a speech delivered in a
high-flown or pompous manner
orator n. one who delivers an oration; an eloquent
and skilled public speaker
oratory n. the art of public speaking; eloquence or
skill in making speeches to the public; public
speaking marked by the use of overblown rhetoric
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Lesson 1—Thinking as a Hobby
III. Word Building
confer
-fer：from Latin: ferre = to carry 携带
fertile 肥沃的，多产的
afferent 传入的
defer 推迟，延期，听从，服从
proffer 提供
efferent 传出的，输出管
infer 推断
offer, differ, refer, suffer, transfer, prefer
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The end of Word Building.
Lesson 1—Thinking as a Hobby
IV. Grammar
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1.
Parallelism
2.
The Use of Complement
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Lesson 1—Thinking as a Hobby
IV. Grammar
I. The method of expressing ideas of equal importance in
the same or similar grammatical form is called
PARALLELISM.
More examples
Parallel constructions: listing, contrast,
choice, comparison
all shouting the same thing, all warming their hands at
the fire of their prejudices —two absolute constructions
(listing)
not by thought; by an invisible and irresistible spring in
his neck. —two prepositional phrases (contrast)
To be or not to be, that is a question. —two infinitive
phrases (choice)
Crawling up down a mountain is sometimes harder
than climbing up. —two participle phrases. (comparison)
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Lesson 1—Thinking as a Hobby
IV. Grammar
1. For further information, you can either consult an
encyclopaedia or surf the Internet. —two verb phrases
(choice)
2. In the past ten years people, especially old people,
have been concerned more about their health than
about their income. —two noun prepositional phrases
(comparison)
3. The unemployed man wanted a job rather than
welfare. —two nouns (contrast)
4. Many things cannot be learned in the classroom, such
as planning one’s time, working on one’s own and
managing one’s affairs. —three participle phrases
(listing)
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The end of Parallelism.
Lesson 1—Thinking as a Hobby
IV. Grammar
II. The Use of Complement
Next to her, crouched the statuette of a
leopard, ready to spring down… —adjective
phrase as subject complement
You could hear the wind, trapped in his chest
and struggling with all the unnatural
impediments. —past and present
participles as object complement
It took the swimmer some distance from the
shore and left him there, out of his depth. —
prepositional phrase as object complement
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More examples
Lesson 1—Thinking as a Hobby
IV. Grammar
More examples:
Tired and sleepy, I went to bed.
Lincoln was born a poor farmer’s boy and died
President of the United States.
Subject
complements
People are just born what color they are.
As a true friend he stood by me to the end.
John wears his hair very long.
Can I have this parcel weighed here?
I called this robbing Peter to pay Paul.
As the main eating implement, the Chinese use
chopsticks every day.
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The end of Grammar.
Object
complements
Lesson 1—Thinking as a Hobby
Part Four
This is the end
of Part Four.
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