Sugar, Bread, Potatoes, nom nom….
Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates are the
most abundant of the
4 types of biomolecules.
What are the 4 types of biomolecules?
• Carbohydrates
• Lipids
• Proteins
• Nucleic Acids
Monomers
• What are the monomers for Carbohydrates?
Monosaccharides (simple sugars)
• How are the monosaccharides combined into
carbohydrates?
Dehydration Synthesis (removing 1 water molecule)
Structure
Carbohydrates are made up of
Carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen.
Glucose: C6H12O6
Function
• Main source of energy for plants and animals (including
people)
• Carbohydrates act as a FAST source of energy, but can also
be stored for later use.
• Carbohydrates are easy for the body to break down which
is why they are a FAST source of energy
Production
• Carbohydrates are produced by plants using what
process?
Photosynthesis!
• Where in the plant
cell does this occur?
Chloroplasts!
Transport
• Carbohydrates start breaking in down inside of
your mouth with an enzyme in your saliva called
amylase.
• Carbohydrates then move into the bloodstream
from small intestines
Transport
• The pancreas produces insulin which is a hormone that
helps cells absorb glucose
• Glucose is broken down in Mitochondria and used to
generate ATP (Adenosine Tri Phosphate) which is the
body’s main energy source. This is done with 3 specific
cycles called Glycolysis, Kreb’s Cycle, and the ETC (Electron
Transport Chain).
Examples - Monosaccharides
Examples - Disaccharides
Disaccharides:
Examples
Chitin- found in the shell of bugs, and the cell walls of fungi
Cellulose- found in the cell wall of plant cells
Glycogen- how animals (like people) store carbohydrates to be used later
Starch- how plants store carbohydrates