THE REPRODUCTIVE
SYSTEM
ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY
THE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
• functions to produce human offspring with the
- male providing sperm (produced within testes)
- female providing the ovum (produced within
ovaries)
IMPORTANT TERMS
Mitosis part of cell cycle which leads to two
identical cells with same number of chromosomes in
each
Meiosis specialized cell division which reduces the
chromosome number in half
Reproductive cells gametes
MEIOSIS
• Only occurs in the testes of males during sperm
production
• Only occurs in ovaries of female during egg
production
• cells go from 46 chromosomes (diploid) 23
chromosomes (haploid)
MEIOSIS IN ADULTS
• Fertilization= fusion
of gametes
• Zygote= sperm+
egg
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B
FrVmDgh4v4
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u
XsCngh89fI
THE MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
Primary Sex Organs
• Testis (held within the scrotum)
Produce the sperm
Produce male sex hormones
(androgens)
Lie outside of male abdominal
cavity
Testis divided into lobules; each
lobule contains seminiferous
tubules
SPERMATOGENESIS
THE MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEMACCESSORY ORGANS
• Epididymus -ducts where sperm mature and some sperm stored
• Vas deferens – (contained within spermatic cord); transport and
store sperm
• Seminal vesicles – contribute nutrients and fluid to semen;
produce prostaglandins and fructose
•
•
•
•
Ejaculatory duct –transport sperm
Prostate gland – contributes basic fluid to semen
Urethra –transport sperm
Bulbourethral glands – produce mucoid fluid that neutralizes
urine
https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=icSZrxu0hDI
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N
66sAZH1VA8
MALE ACCESSORY SEX ORGANS
ANATOMY OF A SPERM
MORE ABOUT SPERM
- Takes 74 days or about
10 weeks for sperm to
be produced and fully
mature for ejaculation
- Sperm mature in
epididymus
- Sperm can be stored in
male body for
approximately 3 weeks
after they are matured
VASECTOMY
• Surgical procedure for
male sterilization
• Vas deferens are cut and
sealed/tied off to prevent
sperm from traveling
which eventually
prevents fertilization
• ~30 minute procedure
• Vasectomy is different
than castration (where
testicles are removed)
FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
THE EGG
- During fetal
development-6
million to 7 million
eggs.
- At birth, there are
approximately 1
million eggs
- by puberty, only
about 300,000 remain.
-only 300 to 400 will be
ovulated during a
woman's reproductive
lifetime.
THE EGG
- Egg matures due to
LH (Luteinizing
Hormone) surge from
increased Estrogen
- Day 14 of cycle is
when ovulation
occurs
- Ovulation is when
egg is released from
ovary
FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
• Corpus luteum produces
progesterone and helps
thicken lining of uterus for
implantation
• Corpus luteum survives 12-14
days unless begins receiving
HcG from developing embryo
• If egg not fertilized, then corpus
luteum dies off
• Corpus luteum deficiency
corpus luteum doesn’t develop
enough progesterone which
leads to
WHEN THE SPERM MEETS THE EGG
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Sperm approaches
egg
Sperm acrosomal
enzymes digest the
eggs jelly coat
Proteins in sperm bind
with receptors of egg
Plasma membranes
fuse
Sperm nucleus enters
eggs cytoplasm
Fertilization membrane
forms
Nuclei fuse
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v
=_5OvgQW6FG4
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7
G2rL5Cutd4
FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
• Fertilization takes place in
fallopian tubes
• Uterus houses
developing fetus
• Cervix contains the
opening to the uterus
• Vagina serves as birth
canal; exit for menstrual
flow; receives penis
during sexual intercourse
IN THE LAB
DISSECTION NOTES
Adapted from Whitman College
IN THE LAB DISSECTION OF FETAL
PIG
MORE ANATOMICAL LOCATION
DETERMINING THE SEX OF YOUR PIG
Male
In males urogenital tract
opens near umbilical region
Female