Integrating Quotations into
Sentences
Why Integrate Quotes?
 It gives you more control over how your reader
perceives the quotations
 It allows your to focus your reader’s attention (as well
as your own) on essential parts of text
 It helps your paper to flow better
Introducing Quotes
 Before a quote, you
should supply context.




Who?
What?
Where?
When?
 You can also introduce a
quote with a body point.
 How does it help your
argument?
 Why is it worth focusing
on?
Why Context is Important
I had this
dream and in
my dream, I
killed my
mother! It was
horrible!
Without Context
The soccer
player is an evil
man. He said, “I
killed my
mother!” (23).
Introducing… An example
Where
The Quote
Context
 “I had not intended to discuss
this controversial subject at
this particular time. However, I
want you to know that I do not
shun controversy.”
 At a banquet when he was
asked his position on
prohibition, Representative
“Soggy” Sweat Jr., responded
that “I had not intended to
discuss…”
What
Who
Introducing… An example, 2
The Quote
Body Point
 “I had not intended to discuss
this controversial subject at
this particular time. However, I
want you to know that I do not
shun controversy.”
 Though Sweat begins his
Whiskey speech as if he is
unprepared—he tells his
audience, “I had not intended
to discuss this controversial
subject at this particular
time”—it is clear that his
balanced and articulate oration
is well-planned.
The Most
Basic
Lead-in
For nearly 200 ways to say “says,” visit:
http://english.marion.ohio-state.edu/200ways.htm
 Speaker says, “Quote.” Speaker accuses, “Quote.”
Speaker adds, “Quote.” Speaker apologizes, “Quote.”
Speaker boasts, “Quote.” Speaker cautions, “Quote.”
Speaker notes, “Quote.” Speaker interjects, “Quote.”
Speaker contests, “Quote.” Speaker concedes,
“Quote.” Speaker insists, “Quote.” Speaker observes,
“Quote.” Speaker wonders, “Quote.” Speaker
propounds, “Quote.” Speaker muses, “Quote.”
Speaker explicates, “Quote.” Speaker protests,
“Quote.” Speaker entreats, “Quote.”
Integrate Quote into Sentence
Quote
In my Essay!
 “They were intended to spread
Protestantism and royalist
propaganda through a divided
realm” (Wood 105).
 During the Elizabethan period,
plays served a political purpose
and “were intended to spread
Protestantism and royalist
propaganda through a divided
realm” (Wood 105).
Not full sentence!
Fancier Stuff!
Incorporate a quote into your sentence, using an ellipsis so it
flows:
 “‘People say,’ said another,
‘that the Reverend Master
Dimmesdale, her godly pastor,
takes it very grievously to heart
that such a scandal should
have come upon his
congregation.’”
 Early foreshadowing, even in the
gossiping of a villager who
whispers, “People say… that the
Reverend Master Dimmesdale,
her godly pastor, takes it very
grievously to heart that such a
scandal should have come upon
his congregation,” hints that
Dimmesdale is invested in
Hester’s plight.
Another Ellipsis Example
 “Observe, I do not mean to
suggest that the custom of
lying has suffered any decay or
interruption—no, for the Lie,
as a Virtue, A Principle, is
eternal; the Lie, as a recreation,
a solace, a refuge in time of
need, the fourth Grace, the
tenth Muse, man's best and
surest friend, is immortal, and
cannot perish from the earth
while this club remains.”
 It is clear early on that
Twain supports an
acceptance of lying, when
he affirms, “I do not
mean to suggest that the
custom of lying has
suffered any decay or
interruption—no, for the
Lie… is immortal.”
List Key Words or Phrases
 “If when you say whiskey
you mean the devil's
brew, the poison scourge,
the bloody monster, that
defiles innocence,
dethrones reason,
destroys the home,
creates misery and
poverty…”
 The cacophonous sound
created by the alliterative
“defiles,” “dethrones,”
and “destroys” echoes
the harsh consequences
of whiskey and aids
Sweat in demonizing the
drink.
Listing Key Words or Phrases
 “If you mean the evil drink
that topples the Christian
man and woman from the
pinnacle of righteous,
gracious living into the
bottomless pit of
degradation, and despair,
and shame and
helplessness, and
hopelessness, then certainly
I am against it.”
 Sweat creates a false
dichotomy, where religion and
alcohol are necessarily at odds
with one another, creating an
antithesis between “the
Christian man and woman”
and the “evil drink,” and
between their “pinnacle of
righteous, gracious living” and
the “bottomless pit of
degradation” that alcohol
threatens.
Bridging between Parts of Quote
 “The summer soldier and
the sunshine patriot will,
in this crisis, shrink from
the service of their
country; but he that
stands it now, deserves
the love and thanks of
man and woman.”
 Paine contrasts the weakhearted “summer soldier” and
the ineffective “sunshine
patriot” with the courageous
soldier that continues fighting
in harsh conditions and
“deserves the love and thanks
of man and woman” to shame
his audience into practicing
fortitude, even in cold and dark
times, so that they too deserve
gratitude.
Last Example
 “I see them as part of a pattern:
just two of many ads that state
or imply that products, are more
important than people. Ads have
long promised us a better
relationship via a product: buy
this and you will be loved. But
more recently they have gone
beyond that proposition to
promise us a relationship with
the product itself: buy this and it
will love you. The product is not
so much the means to an end, as
the end itself.”
 Kilbourne’s chief argument
that advertisements make
objects “the end itself” points
to the damaging consequences
of contemporary
consumerism; ads’ implied or
stated promise to consumers
that inanimate objects “will
love you” indicates that
consumers are beginning to
endow material goods with
qualities beyond their scope.
Last Example
 “It isn't just the commuters,
whom we have come to
visualize as a supine breed who
have got on to the trick of
suspending their sensory
faculties twice a day while they
submit to the creeping
dissolution of the railroad
industry. It isn't just they who
have given up trying to rectify
irrational vexations. It is the
American people everywhere.”
 By beginning with the anecdote
about train passengers, whom
he describes as a “supine breed”
willing to “submit to the
creeping dissolution of the
railroad industry,” Buckley offers
a concrete example to represent
what he claims is the attitude of
“American people everywhere:”
an attitude which slothfully and
apathetically accepts discomfort
and failure.
Your Turn!
 “That man over there says that women need to be helped
into carriages, and lifted over ditches, and to have the best
place everywhere. Nobody ever helps me into carriages, or
over mud-puddles, or gives me any best place! And ain't I a
woman? Look at me! Look at my arm! I have ploughed and
planted, and gathered into barns, and no man could head
me! And ain't I a woman? I could work as much and eat as
much as a man - when I could get it - and bear the lash as
well! And ain't I a woman? I have borne thirteen children,
and seen most all sold off to slavery, and when I cried out
with my mother's grief, none but Jesus heard me! And ain't
I a woman?”
Again!
 “For the ancient Greeks, drama taught and reinforced
compassion within a society, The object of Greek tragedy
was to inspire empathy in the audience so that the
common response to the hero's fall was: "There, but for
the grace of God, go I." Could it be that this was the
response of the mother who offered the dollar, the French
woman who gave the food? Could it be that the homeless,
like those ancients, are reminding us of our common
humanity? Of course, there is a difference. This play
doesn't end and the players can't go home.”
Again!
 “In the world of advertising, lovers grow cold, spouses
grow old, children grow up and away--but possessions stay
with us and never change. Seeking the outcomes of a
healthy relationship through products cannot work.
Sometimes it leads us into addiction. But at best the
possessions can never deliver the promised goods. They
can't make us happy or loved or less alone or safe. If we
believe they can, we are doomed to disappointment. No
matter how much we love them, they will never love us
back.”
Last Time!
 “Read not to contradict and confute; nor to believe and take for
granted; nor to find talk and discourse; but to weigh and
consider. Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed,
and some few to be chewed and digested; that is, some books
are to be read only in parts; others to be read, but not curiously;
and some few to be read wholly, and with diligence and
attention. Some books also may be read by deputy, and extracts
made of them by others; but that would be only in the less
important arguments, and the meaner sort of books, else
distilled books are like common distilled waters, flashy things.
Reading maketh a full man; conference a ready man; and writing
an exact man.”