English 51
Wednesday, March 6, 2013
Melissa Gunby
Free-write
 Please
 The
respond to the following quote:
word impossible is not in my
dictionary. –Napoleon.
Today’s Agenda
A
note on your essay drafts
 Punctuation Review
 Error Correction Jeopardy
A note on essay drafts
 Overall,
I was happy with the state of the
drafts.
 Be careful using quotation marks. If you’re
not using exact language from the ad or
Fowles’ essay, don’t put it in quotation
marks.


If you are quoting from the ad, remember
to include it on a works cited page
If you use outside materials (like from other
classes), also cite them, and include them
on your works cited page.
Sample Works Cited Page
 Fowles,
Weekly
Monthly
Jib. “Advertising’s Fifteen Basic
Appeals.” Texts and Contexts. William S.
Robinson and Stephanie Tucker. 7th Ed.
Boston: Wadsworth. 2009. Print.
 Neutrogena Corp. Gentle Cleanser ad.
People. 11 Feb. 2013. 31. Print.
 Wells Fargo. Retirement Planning Ad. O.
March 2013. 51. Print.
Punctuation Review
Commas, Periods, and Semi-Colons
Commas
 Rule
1:
 Use a comma to separate two independent
clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction.

Coordinating conjunction = FANBOYS







For
And
Nor
But
Or
Yet
So
Independent clauses look like they
could be sentences of their own; they
contain a subject and a verb and a
complete thought.
Examples
 You
can bury your savings in the
,
backyard but don’t expect Mother
Nature to pay interest.
 I’m
,
going home tomorrow and I’m never
coming back.
CAUTION
 Do
not join two sentences with a comma.
This makes a comma splice. Only use a
comma between two independent
clauses if they are joined by a FANBOYS.
Rule 2
An introductory phrase or clause will not be able to
stand alone as a sentence, and that’s how you can
tell if it needs to be followed by a comma to join it to
the rest of the sentence.
 Set
off an introductory phrase or clause
with a comma


After we had finished our laundry, we
discovered that one sock was missing.
According to the owner of the Hall Laundry
House, customers have conflicting theories
about missing laundry.
Rule 3

You can kind of think about these kind of commas as
elevators that life out these phrases that give extra
information without changing the meaning of the
sentence.
Set off non-essential phrases and clauses. If
the words can be taken out without changing
the meaning of the sentence, put the phrase
between commas.

The jukebox, now reappearing in local honkytonks, first gained popularity during the 1920s.

The addition of the phrase that they’re making
a comeback doesn’t change the meaning of
the sentence if left out, so it goes between
commas.
Rule 4

Put commas around conjunctive adverbs
words like “however,” “therefore,”
“consequently,” etc.
She soon discovered, however, that he had
stolen her monogrammed towels in addition to
her pet avocado plant.
If the conjunctive adverb is at the beginning of
the sentence, the comma follows the word.


Therefore, she resolved to never speak to him
again.
Rule 5

Use commas to separate the items in a list or
series.


A comma before the ‘and’ at the end is
essential for clarity

4 or 5
pints?
Julio collects coins, stamps, bottle caps, erasers,
and pocket lint.
This is formally known as the Oxford Comma
Strawberry, peach, coffee, vanilla and
chocolate swirl
Strawberry, peach, coffee, vanilla, and
chocolate swirl.
Rule 6
These commas can replace the “and”
when using multiple words to describe
the same noun.
 Use
a comma to separate adjectives of
equal emphasis


She finally moved out of her cold, dark
apartment
She finally moved out of her cold and dark
apartment.
Rule 7
 Follow



direct address with a comma.
Gentlemen, you may be seated.
Students, may I have your attention please?
Bitch, please.
Rule 8, 9, and 10

8: set off items in addresses and dates


9: set off degrees or titles


He found me on February 2, 1978, when I
stopped in Fairbanks, Alaska, to buy sunscreen.
The Darwin Award went to Samuel Lyle, Ph.D.
10: set off dialogue

“Eat hearty,” said Marie, “because this is the last
of the food.”
Rule 11
 Set
off weak exclamations like “yes,” “no,”
and “well.”


Yes, there will be a quiz on this material next
week.
No, it will not be open book.
This works a lot like Rule 3.
Rule 12
 Set
off interrupters or parenthetical
phrases.


Jack is, I think, still a compulsive gambler.
Harvey, my brother, sometimes has
breakfast with him.
Rule 13
 Reduce
temptation to over use commas.
If you don’t need to pause, think about
leaving it out.
Activity
 Working
with a partner, make corrections
as necessary to the handout provided.
Periods
 Rule
1: Use a period to signal the end of
most sentences.
 Something
is rotten in Denmark.
 They wondered whether the water was
safe to drink.
Rule 2: Abbreviations
 When
you shorten a word, use a period to
signal the abbreviation:



Mister Spock = Mr. Spock
August = Aug.
9 o’clock in the evening = 9 p.m.
Rule 2.5
 If
an abbreviation ends a sentence, don’t
add another period.

He promised to arrive at 6 p.m.
 If
an abbreviation ends a question, add a
question mark.

Did he promise to come at 6 p.m.?
 If
an abbreviation happens in the middle
of a sentence, use the correct following
punctuation.

He promised to be there at 6 p.m., but he
forgot.
Exceptions
 There
are some abbreviations that do not
use periods:





MD, RN, BC
Common terms: DNA, CD-ROM, FAQ
Acronyms: Hazmat, AIDS, NATO, PIN
Clipped forms: Math, fax, gym, dorm
Postal abbreviations: TX, CA, AK, MA, NY
Rule 3: Poetry and Drama
 Use
periods to separate the act, scene,
and line number when citing dramatic
sources

Hamlet 2.2.1-5
 Use

periods to mark divisions in poetry
Paradise Lost 7.163-167
 Use
periods to separate the book and
verse when citing biblical references

Judges 4.14
Semi-colons
 The
big rule for semi-colons is that they
work like periods; each side has to be a
complete sentence.
;
Rule 1
 Link
two closely related independent
clauses.

Anthropologists believe that popcorn
originated in Mexico; they have found
popcorn poppers that are over 1,500 years
old.
Rule 2
 When
using words like “however,”
“moreover,” and “thus.”

Vincent van Gogh sold only one painting in
his entire life; however, in 1987 his
Sunflowers sold for almost $40 million.
Rule 3
 Use
a semi-colon to separate details as
part of a series.

Last year the Wildcats suffered enough
injuries to keep them from winning the
pennant, as Jake Pritchett, third baseman,
broke his arm in a fight; Hugh Rosenbloom,
starting pitcher, sprained his back on a
trampoline; and Boris Baker, star outfielder,
ate rotten clams and nearly died.
Practice
 Again,
working with a partner, complete
the handout of editing practice.
 There
will be a quiz next week.