Ionic Bonding
Chap. 8
I. When an Atom becomes an
Ion
I. When an Atom becomes an
Ion
A. Why become an ion?
I. When an Atom becomes an
Ion
A. Why become an ion?
B. This process is called _____
I. When an Atom becomes an
Ion
II. Positive Ions
I. When an Atom becomes an
Ion
II. Positive Ions
A. Electron Config./Orbital
Diagram
I. When an Atom becomes an
Ion
II. Positive Ions
A. Electron Config./Orbital
Diagram
B. Bohr’s Model
I. When an Atom becomes an
Ion
II. Positive Ions
A. Electron Config./Orbital
Diagram
B. Bohr’s Model
C. Dot Diagrams
I. When an Atom becomes an
Ion
II. Positive Ions
A. Electron Config./Orbital
Diagram
B. Bohr’s Model
C. Dot Diagrams
D. Equation
I. When an Atom becomes an
Ion
II. Positive Ions
III. Negative Ions
I. When an Atom becomes an
Ion
II. Positive Ions
III. Negative Ions
A. Electron Config./Orbital
Diagram
I. When an Atom becomes an
Ion
II. Positive Ions
III. Negative Ions
A. Electron Config./Orbital
Diagram
B. Bohr’s Model
I. When an Atom becomes an
Ion
II. Positive Ions
III. Negative Ions
A. Electron Config./Orbital
Diagram
B. Bohr’s Model
C. Dot Diagrams
I. When an Atom becomes an
Ion
II. Positive Ions
III. Negative Ions
A. Electron Config./Orbital
Diagram
B. Bohr’s Model
C. Dot Diagrams
D. Equation
I. When an Atom becomes an
Ion
II. Positive Ions
III. Negative Ions
IV. Charges of Ions
I. When an Atom becomes an
Ion
II. Positive Ions
III. Negative Ions
IV. Charges of Ions
A. Monatomic anions
I. When an Atom becomes an
Ion
II. Positive Ions
III. Negative Ions
IV. Charges of Ions
A. Monatomic anions
B. Monatomic cations
I. When an Atom becomes an
Ion
II. Positive Ions
III. Negative Ions
IV. Charges of Ions
A. Monatomic anions
B. Monatomic cations
C. Polyatomic ions
Polyatomic Ions
know your ions
nitrate
phosphate
hydroxide
cyanide
carbonate
bicarbonate
chlorate
acetate
sulfate
bisulfate
chromate
ammonium
V. Ionic Compounds
V. Ionic Compounds
A. Ionic Bond
Generally forms between a
metal and non-metal
Ionic Bond
Electrostatic force that holds
ions together.
V. Ionic Compounds
A. Ionic Bond
B. Classifying Ionic Compounds
V. Ionic Compounds
A. Ionic Bond
B. Classifying Ionic Compounds
1. oxides
Compound made of a metal
and oxygen
V. Ionic Compounds
A. Ionic Bond
B. Classifying Ionic Compounds
1. oxides
2. salts
An ionic compound formed
when an acid reacts with a base
V. Ionic Compounds
A. Ionic Bond
B. Classifying Ionic Compounds
C. How they form
V. Ionic Compounds
A. Ionic Bond
B. Classifying Ionic Compounds
C. How they form
1. The metal atom loses electron(s)
V. Ionic Compounds
A. Ionic Bond
B. Classifying Ionic Compounds
C. How they form
1. The metal atom loses electron(s)
2. The non-metal gains electron(s)
V. Ionic Compounds
A. Ionic Bond
B. Classifying Ionic Compounds
C. How they form
1. The metal atom loses electron(s)
2. The non-metal gains electron(s)
3. The ions are attracted
V. Ionic Compounds
D. Properties
V. Ionic Compounds
D. Properties
1. Form repeating organized
structure
V. Ionic Compounds
D. Properties
1. Form repeating organized
structure
2. High M.P. & B.P. because of
strong bonds
The stronger the bonds, the _____ the
melting point
V. Ionic Compounds
D. Properties
1. Form repeating organized
structure
2. High M.P. & B.P. because of
strong bonds
3. Hard and brittle
V. Ionic Compounds
D. Properties
1. Form repeating organized
structure
2. High M.P. & B.P. because of
strong bonds
3. Hard and brittle
4. Many dissolve in water
VI. Formulas for Ionic
Compounds
VI. Formulas for Ionic
Compounds
A. Written for a formula
unit.
Formula Unit
Simplest ratio of ions
VI. Formulas for Ionic
Compounds
A. Written for a formula
unit.
B. They are always neutral
VI. Formulas for Ionic
Compounds
A. Written for a formula
unit.
B. They are always neutral
C. Predicting charge of ions
Predicting charge of ions
1. for monatomic ions = oxidation #
Predicting charge of ions
1. for monatomic ions = oxidation #
2. for transition metals there may
be more than one.
Predicting charge of ions
1. for monatomic ions = oxidation #
2. for transition metals there may
be more than one.
3. for polyatomic ions you must
memorize the charge
VI. Formulas for Ionic
Compounds
A. Written for a formula
unit.
B. They are always neutral
C. Predicting charge of ions
D. Examples
Compounds containing
Monatomic ions
Compounds containing
Monatomic ions
Potassium and bromine
Compounds containing
Monatomic ions
Potassium and bromine
Calcium and oxygen
Compounds containing
Monatomic ions
Potassium and bromine
Calcium and oxygen
Sodium and sulfur
Compounds containing
Monatomic ions
Potassium and bromine
Calcium and oxygen
Sodium and sulfur
Aluminum and oxygen
Compounds containing
Polyatomic Ions
Compounds containing
Polyatomic Ions
Calcium nitrate
Compounds containing
Polyatomic Ions
Calcium nitrate
Sodium sulfate
Compounds containing
Polyatomic Ions
Calcium nitrate
Sodium sulfate
Ammonium carbonate
Compounds containing
Polyatomic Ions
Calcium nitrate
Sodium sulfate
Ammonium carbonate
Barium hydroxide
VII. Naming Ionic
Compounds
VII. Naming Ionic
Compounds
A. Binary Compounds
Binary Compounds
Compounds made of two
elements
Naming binary compounds
Name the cation (same as element
name)
Name the anion (ends with –ide)
VII. Naming Ionic
Compounds
A. Binary Compounds
B. Compounds containing
Polyatomic ions
Naming Compounds with
Polyatomic ions
Name the cation
Name the anion
Know your polyatomic ions !!!
VII. Naming Ionic
Compounds
A. Binary Compounds
B. Compounds containing
Polyatomic ions
C. Compounds containing
cations with more than
one oxidation state (often
transition metals)
Naming Type II
Compounds
Name the cation. Use a roman
numeral to specify oxidation state
Name the anion
VIII. Metals
VIII. Metals
A. Metallic Bonding
VIII. Metals
A. Metallic Bonding
1. they form lattices
VIII. Metals
A. Metallic Bonding
1. they form lattices
2. electrons in one metal
overlap electrons in another
VIII. Metals
A. Metallic Bonding
1. they form lattices
2. electrons in one metal
overlap electrons in another
3. outer electrons are
delocalized (free to move)
VIII. Metals
A. Metallic Bonding
B. Properties
VIII. Metals
A. Metallic Bonding
B. Properties
1. high m.p./b.p.
VIII. Metals
A. Metallic Bonding
B. Properties
1. high m.p./b.p.
2. malleable and ductile
Malleable = hammered into sheets
Ductile = pulled in wires
VIII. Metals
A. Metallic Bonding
B. Properties
1. high m.p./b.p.
2. malleable and ductile
3. good conductors
VIII. Metals
A. Metallic Bonding
B. Properties
1. high m.p./b.p.
2. malleable and ductile
3. good conductors
4. shiny (lustrous)
VIII. Metals
A. Metallic Bonding
B. Properties
C. Alloys
A chemical combination of two metals
VIII. Metals
A. Metallic Bonding
B. Properties
C. Alloys
1. substitutional
One metal atom is substituted with a
different atom
VIII. Metals
A. Metallic Bonding
B. Properties
C. Alloys
1. substitutional
2. interstitial
A second type of metal atom fills in
holes between other metal atoms
VIII. Metals
A. Metallic Bonding
B. Properties
C. Alloys
1. substitutional
2. interstitial
3. examples
The End