Garcia1
Moises Garcia
Professor Hamlett
English 101-01
July 23, 2015
Sexualization of Pre-Teen Girls: An Annotated Bibliography
Bell, Beth, and Helga Dittmar. “Does Media Type Matter? The Role of Identification in
Adolescent Girls’ Media Consumption and the Impact of Different Thin-Ideal Media on
Body Image.”
Sex Roles 65. 7/8(2011): 478-490. SocINDEX with Full Text. Web. 24
July 2015.
In this journal the authors explored the different affects various kinds of media consumption; TV or music videos, magazines, or video games, and how girl’s aspirations to be like the characters in the media affected their self-image. What they discovered was that, although the means consumption did not matter, what did discover was that girls that identified with media models the more they view themselves in a negative way. In this article the authors wanted to identify what affected these girls self-image the most if any. I plan on using this information to prove that the more a girl is able to identify themselves with an actress or anyone in the media the more they will want to aspire to be like them and if we have nothing but “perfect” role models, then the girls will never be satisfied with themselves.
Drawing on Humor for Change. Perf. Liza Donnelly. TED . N.p., 2010. Web. 24 July 2015.
In this video Liza Donnelly talks about many of the different things that women are told to do and to wear and how mostly everyone will keep doing it without realizing that not only are they doing it. She accuses moms, aunts, and grandmas of being the main people to keep the tradition going. Liza wants to get rid of these expectations and ever changing rules that we have for

Garcia2 women. I plan on using this video to talk about, how in order to have change, woman have to start at their own home, because no matter what the media does, if women are the main officers that enforce the unwritten rules it is going to be difficult to see any kind of change.
Durham, M. Gigi. The Lolita Effect.
New York: The Overlook Press, 2008. Print.
In her book, The Lolita Effect, Durham talks about different aspects of the “sexualization” of girls at a very young age. One very intriguing idea was the one where she claims that society likes the sexualization of young girls, or as she refers to them, Lolitas. She also talks about the importance of the media on pre-teens and teenagers, noting that the average kid spends six and a half hours a day with media. Whether it is online, watching TV, playing video games, or listening to the radio. She explains how the media is constantly targeting very young girls, and how these young girls react to the sexy images of shows like Laguna Beach and Gossip Girl, as well as portraying many young girls in a sexualized way.
In addition to that, she talks about preteen girls perception of a perfect body and how these girls associated with a Barbie, who’s body is impossible to achieve without any kind of surgery and strict diet. Durham also talks about the important role that magazines play, when they have articles that talk about how to get a boys attention, how to get a boy to like you, or secrets that boys wish you knew. Gigi Durham is a professor at the University of Iowa’s College of Liberal Arts and Sciences. Her expertise in teaching gender, women’s and sexualities studies gives her great insight in understanding the influence of the media on girls. She wrote this book to help anybody that has a young girl life, to be able to prepare them and protect them better from the destructive messages that the media send teens and preteens. I hoping to use this book in my research to back up my point, that the media aims a lot of their marketing to girls as you as eight years old.

Garcia3
Levy, Ariel. Female Chauvinist Pigs: Woman and the Rise of Women Culture: Free Press, 2005.
Print.
In Female Chauvinist Pigs , Levy talks about the rise of raunch culture. She reflects of the difference between second wave feminism and the new third wave of feminism, led by organizations like CAKE that encourage female sexuality. How every women has seemed to find a new role model, strippers, and how imitating them is empowering to women. In the chapter “Pigs in Training” she discusses incidents that happened in different middle schools throughout the country, which involved teenage girls performing oral sex on boys and in one case a girl masturbating with a Swiffer mop then send it to a boy. After interviewing some of the girls in age range of 13 to 17, many of them admitted that the reason they dressed so provocative is to impress boys and get their attention. Levy is a writer at The New Yorker magazine and she wrote this book in response to the idealization that many women have towards strippers and porn stars, because they believe that those actions are liberating. In response Levy wants women to comprehend that idealizing. I am hoping to use the information found in Female Chauvinist Pigs to help connect the views and interest of older women that directly affect young girls that look up and imitate the older women in their life.
Miss Representation . Dir. Jennifer Siebel Newsom. Girls Club Entertainment, Rocco Films
Educational, 2011.
Netflix . Web.
24 July 2015.
This documentary talks about how woman get miss represented in very important aspects of everyday life like politics and television. The point that stood out the most is that young girls do not have very good role models to look up to. Most of the woman they see on TV, magazines, and in the Internet are women whose only value comes from their looks, there are no woman to look up to that are smart and successful professionals, like Hilary Clinton, Condoleezza Rice, or

Garcia4
Gloria Steinem. This documentary has a lot of successful woman in it like Marie Wilson,
Marissa Mayer, Susan Molinari, and Katie Couric who all, like the director Jennifer Siebel
Newsom want women to be able to realize their full potential. I want to use the information I found in this documentary to help me shed some light on who is controlling what we are seeing on TV and to show why only seeing women that are valued by their looks affects girls in a negative way
Mullins, Nicole M. “Insidious Influence of Gender Socialization on Females’ Physical Activity:
Rethink Pink.”
Physical Educator 72.1 (2015): 20-43. Academic Search Complete. Web.
24 July 2015.
In this article the author, Nicole Mullins explains the negative effects of a sedentary lifestyle, which she connects to our culture in a society not letting girls do the same thing boys can.
Mullins believes that woman are more at risk to have health issues than men, because girls, at a very young age stop doing as much physical activity as boys. Pink is a color that is introduced and is associated to girls since the time that they are born; it represents things like being soft, gentle, fragile, and feminine. Pink along with the toys that we buy our girls, like tea sets, play kitchens, and dolls encourage them to be less active than boys who in turn will get a baseball mitt, a basketball, or an action figure. She also claims that boy toys and clothes support being active and aspiring to have a job outside the house as oppose to women that are encouraged to do domestic chores. Mullins writes this article because she wants to improve the quality of life of woman that are discouraged by society to participate in physical activities.
Sexy Inc.: A Critical Look at the Hypersexualization of Childhood . Prod. Patricia Bissonnette.
Films On Demand . Films Media Group, 2007. Web. 23 July 2015.

Garcia5
This film is about kids that are being aimed by the media at a very young age. An great example of this is when the company, Bratz came out with a padded bra, that is suppose to “help” girls feel better about themselves as they go through puberty, the problem is that the bra has pink lace that resembles a woman’s bra. Bratz also came out with a TV show that is aimed for girls between 6 to 10 years old, that features girls with crop tops, plumpy lips, with a positive attitude towards shopping. Girls see being sexy as an image, than means being thin and dressing a certain way. This video’s purpose is to make girls more aware and educate them of the thing the media is trying to accomplish with their subliminal messages. It is in response to the media aiming to influence kids in a negative manner and in a way take away their childhood. This video gives me tremendous background about how the media and how they aim at girls as young as five and six.
Starr, Christine, and Gail Ferguson. “Sexy Dolls, Sexy Grade-Schoolers? Media & Influences On
Young girls’ Self-Sexualization.”
Sex Roles 67.7/8 (2012): 463-476 .
SocINDEX with
Full Text. Web. 24 July 24, 2015.
This journal explored the differences between different girls that are enrolled in a dance class, girls that have moms that are religious, girls that have moms that are worried about their own self image, and girls whose moms will explain to them what is going on. This study shows that girls that were enrolled in a physical activity like dancing, or that had a maternal religiosity had less of a chance to get affected by the sexualization of the media. In turn girls that do not do physical activity are more likely to be influenced by the media. This study was done to help understand in more detail if media sexualization influenced girls differently and I plan to use the information to inform the reader of things that can be done to help girls oppose the ideal image of the media.