CP551 Sustainable Development
(3 credits)
Sustainable Development is very
critical in today’s world,
and it is particularly important
for you to have a world.
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Module 1:
Components of sustainable
development:
environment, economy & society
Games and group discussions to
introduce the need for sustainable
development in today’s world
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Sustainable development as defined by
Brundtland Commission:
“Development that meets
the needs of the present
without compromising the
ability of future generations
to meet their own needs."
Our Common Future (1987)
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Some landmarks for background reading
Dr. Gro Harlem Brundtland
Former Prime Minister, Norway
Former Chair/ World Commission on
Environment and Development
Responsible for the broad political concept of
sustainable development, published in the
report “Our Common Future” in April 1987.
Earth Summit — the United Nations Conference on
Environment and Development in Rio de Janeiro,
Brazil in 1992, and Agenda 21.
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Dimensions of sustainability:
economic
growth
environmental
protection
social
equity
Three pillar/circles model
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The Egg of sustainability:
ecosystem
Flows
(stresses &
benefits)
from
ecosystem
to people
people
Flows
(stresses &
benefits)
from people
to
ecosystem
International Union for the Conservation of Nature, 1994
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What do all these mean?
Let’s take a topic for group
discussion to appreciate the need
for sustainable development in
today’s world
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Topic for group discussion:
Sustainable Energy
Could we reach it without
re-organizing the entire
energy system of the
present?
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Popular Energy Sources:
Oil, Coal and Natural gas
They are unsustainable and
inefficient.
WHY?
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How is electric power
produced using oil,
coal or natural gas?
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How is electric power
produced using oil,
coal or natural gas?
Diesel
engine
Gas Turbine
(GT)
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Combined
Power Plant
(GT & ST)
Steam Turbine
(ST)
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Gas Turbine Power Plant
fuel
compressed
air
Compressor
Combustion
Chamber
hot
gases
Gas
Turbine
Gen
atmospheric
air
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gases
to the
stack
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Gas Turbine Power Plant
fuel
compressed
air
Compressor
Combustion
Chamber
hot
gases
(WGT)
out
Gas
Turbine
Gen
atmospheric
air
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gases
to the
stack
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Gas Turbine Power Plant
(QCC)
in
compressed
air
Combustion
Chamber
hot
gases
Compressor
(WGT)
out
Gas
Turbine
(WC)
in
atmospheric
air
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Heat Loss
Gen
gases
to the
stack
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Gas Turbine Power Plant
=
(WGT)
(WC)
out
(QCC)
Energy Loss
= (QCC) in -
in
= 22 – 28%
in
[ (W
GT)
out
- (WC)
in
]
= 72 – 78% of heat released by the fuel
for 50 to 100 MW plant
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Steam Turbine Power Plant
Steam
Turbine
Gen
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Steam Turbine Power Plant
hot gases
compressed Steam Generator
water
superheated
steam
Steam
Turbine
Pump
C
Gen
saturated
water
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Condenser
cooling water
wet steam
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Steam Turbine Power Plant
hot gases
compressed Steam Generator
water
superheated
steam
(WST)
out
Steam
Turbine
Pump
C
Gen
saturated
water
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Condenser
cooling water
wet steam
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Steam Turbine Power Plant
(QSG)
in
Heat Loss
compressed Steam Generator
water
Pump
C
saturated
water
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WP
in
superheated
steam
(WST)
out
Steam
Turbine
Gen
Condenser
cooling water
wet steam
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Steam Turbine Power Plant
(QSG)
in
Heat Loss
compressed Steam Generator
water
Pump
C
saturated
water
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WP
superheated
steam
(WST)
out
Steam
Turbine
in
Gen
Condenser
wet steam
Heat Loss
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Steam Turbine Power Plant
=
(WST)
out
- (WP)
(QSG)
in
= 30 – 40%
in
Energy Loss
= (QSG) in-
[ (W
ST)
out
- (WP)
in
]
= 60 – 70% of heat released by the fuel
for 200 to 800 MW plant
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Combined Power Plant
fuel
GT
atmospheric
air
hot gases
gases
to the
stack
ST
C
cooling water
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Combined Power Plant
fuel
GT
atmospheric
air
C
hot gases
gases
to the
stack ST
Heat Loss
ST
cooling water Heat Loss
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Combined Power Plant
Net
Work
out
at
GT
&
ST
=
Heat released by fuel
= 36 – 50%
Energy Loss
= 50 – 64% of heat released by the fuel
for 300 to 600 MW plant
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Nuclear Power Plant
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Nuclear Power Plant
Source: http://science.howstuffworks.com/nuclear-power2.htm
Nuclear Power Plant
Net
Work
out
at
ST
=
Heat released by nuclear fuel
= 31 – 34%
Energy Loss
= 66 – 69% of heat released by the fuel
for 500 to 1100 MW plant
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According to the
2nd Law of Thermodynamics
when heat is converted into work,
part of the heat energy must be wasted
Power generation
type
Diesel engine
Unit size
(MW)
Energy
wasted (MW)
10 - 30
7 – 22
Gas Turbine
50 - 100
36 – 78
Steam Turbine
200 - 800
120 – 560
Combined (ST & GT)
300 - 600
150 – 380
Nuclear (BWR & PWR)
500 - 1100
330 – 760
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Where does all the
lost heat go?
In cogeneration application, waste heat from
power plant is used for domestic or industrial
heating purposes (efficiency goes up to 80%).
But cogeneration applications do not exist
always by the power plant facility, as in Sri
Lankan thermal power plant sites.
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Oil, Coal, Natural gas
and Nuclear fuel are
unsustainable and
inefficient,
√
in power plants, automobiles……………….
owing to the heat to work conversion.
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Oil, Coal, Natural gas
and Nuclear fuel are
unsustainable and
inefficient,
?
√
in power plants, automobiles……………….
owing to the heat to work conversion.
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Picture source: http://farm1.static.flickr.com/75/164341428_3243f50012.jpg
Heat is
lost to the
atmosphere
waste heat
Coal Power Plant south-west of Düsseldorf and Neuss,
Germany – closer angle
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Picture source: http://farm1.static.flickr.com/75/164341428_3243f50012.jpg
what
more is
lost?
PM
H2 O
SO2
NOx
waste heat
CO2
the global pollutant
and a common slayer
Coal Power Plant south-west of Düsseldorf and Neuss,
Germany – closer angle
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R. Shanthini