THERIOGENOLOGY 1
12484
Dr. Hatem Atalla D.V.M PhD
An-Najah National University
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine
2009
Course Description

Theriogenology is a one semester (2 H Theory
+ 2 H Practice) course designed to provide the
Veterinary Students with knowledge, training
and understanding of reproduction processes
in domestic animals from puberty and genesis
to gestation, and Artificial insemination
processes from semen collection to
insemination.
Course Objectives
1.
Describe the reproductive anatomy and reproductive function in
domestic animals.
2.
Demonstrate proper artificial insemination techniques in cattle.
3.
Discuss factors affecting efficiency of reproduction in animals.
4.
Demonstrate proper semen handling and pregnancy diagnostic
techniques.
5.
Describe and discuss estrus synchronization and embryo transfer
programs
6.
Evaluate the collected semen by the macroscopic and
microscopic semen examinations.
7.
Inseminating cows and Applying hormones and sponges for estrus
synchronization
Assessment
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This course will be evaluated by 3 exams, in
addition to the practical exam as short answer
question and oral and practical examinations.
First examination
15 points
Second examination
15 points
Practical examination
30 points
Participation, quizzes, reports
Final examination
40 points
Total
100 points
Text Books
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Main Text Book:
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Applied Animal Reproduction, Joe Bearden, John
Fuquat, Second Edition 1984
Suggested Reading:
Reproduction in Farm Animals, E.S.E. Hafez, 6th
edition 1993
 Reproduction in Cattle, A.R. Peters and P.J.H. Ball,
2nd edition 1994
 Current Therapy in Theriogenology, Morrow, 1986
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COURSE OUTLINES
THEORY
Week 1
 The female reproductive organs, 9
 Functions of female reproductive organs
 The male reproductive organs, 25
 Functions of male reproductive organs
Week 2
 Natural Synchronization processes, 41
 Primary Reproductive Hormones of the Pituitary Gland, 45
 Control of the Pituitary Gland by the Hypothalamus, 46
 Hormones of the Glonads, 48
 Primary Reproductive Hormones of the Adrenal Cortex, 52
Week 3
 Endocrine Function of the Uterine/Placental Unit, 53
 Reproductive Role of Prostaglandins, 53
 The Pineal Gland
 Regulation of Hormonal Receptor Sites, 55
 Intracellular Mechanisms of Hormonal Action, 56
COURSE OUTLINES
THEORY
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Week 4
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The Estrus Cycle, 63
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Puberty, 63
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Periods of Estrous Cycle, 65
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Hormonal Control of the Estrous Cycle, 66
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Mating Behavior, 70
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Seasonal Breeding, 72
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Week 5
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Spermatogenesis and Maturation of Spermatozoa, 77
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Puberty, 77
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The Process of Spermatogenesis, 79
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The Seminiferous Epithelial Cycle and Spermatogenic Wave, 83
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Capacitation of Spermatozoa, 85
COURSE OUTLINES
THEORY
Week 6
 Ovigenesis and Fertilization, 89
 Ovigenesis, 89
 Ovulation, 91
 Gamete Transport, 93
 Fertilization, 95
 Polyspermy, 98
 Aging of Gametes, 98
Week 7
 Male Mating Behavior, 141
 Regulation of Mating Behavior, 143
 Erection and Ejaculation, 145
 Maintaining Libido, 146
First Exam
COURSE OUTLINES
THEORY
Week 8
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Semen and its Components, 149
Spermatozoa, 150
Seminal Plasma, 153
Energy Metabolism by Spermatozoa, 154
Factors Affecting Rate of Metabolism
Week 9
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Altering Reproductive Processes, 227
Synchronization of Estrus, 227
Superovulation and Embryo Transfer, 234
Week 10
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Reproductive Management, 253
Measurements of Reproductive Efficiency, 253
Management Related to the Female 254
Week 11
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Management Related to the Male, 272
COURSE OUTLINES
THEORY
Week 12
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Pregnancy Diagnosis, 277
in cow, ewe, doe, mares, and sows
Week 13
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Environmental Management, 297
Environmental Stressors,
Physiological Relationship of Environmental Stress to
Reproduction
Thermoregulation
Modification of Summer Environments to reduce
Stress
Week 14
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Nutritional Management, 307
Nutritive Components, Growing Animals
Maintaining Reproductive Efficiency
Second Exam
COURSE OUTLINES
THEORY
Week 15
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Anatomical and
Inherited Causes of
Reproductive Failure,
321
Freemartin, 321
Infantile Reproductive
System, 323
Incomplete Structures,
324
Hermaphrodite, 325
Cryptorchid, 326
Injuries, 327
Prolapse of Vagina and
Uterus, 329
Week 16
 Phsiological and
Psychological Causes of
Reproductive Failure 331
Cystic Ovaries, 331
Retained Corpus
Luteum, 334
Anestrus, 335
Irregular Estrous Cycles,
336
Quiet Ovulation, 338
Age, 339
Psychological
Disturbances, 340
PRACTICAL
Reading texts:
 Part 3 from the text book from chapter 13-17
 Other Notes
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PRACTICAL
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Dissection a slaughterhouse
material (genital organs)
Inspection of external male
and female genital organs in
farm animals
Introduction and History of
Artificial Insemination, 161
Introduction, 161, History, 162
Advantages and
disadvantages, 165
Facilities Needed for Semen
Collection, 167
Methods of Semen Collection,
168
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Semen Collection by Artificial
Vagina from bull and ram
Chemical characteristic of
seminal plasma
Ultra structure of sperm
Semen Collection by Artificial
Vagina from bull and ram
Macroscopic evaluation of
semen, Semen Evaluation,
181
Gross Examination, 182
Estimation the Mass Activity,
Motility and Concentration
of semen,
Progressive Motility, 182,
Concentration of Sperm
Cells
PRACTICAL
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Sperm Cell Morphology, 187
Differential Staining of Live
and Dead Sperm, 189
Speed of Sperm, 190
Evaluating Frozen Semen,
190
Other Tests, 193
Semen Processing, Storage,
Thawing, and Handling, 195
Importance and Properties of
Semen Diluters, 195
Buffer Solutions Used in
Semen Diluters, 196
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Antimicrobial Agents for
Semen Diluters, 197
Effective Semen Diluters for
Bull Semen, 198
Processing Bull Semen, 199
Aim of dilution
characters of extending
media
Dilution Technique
Preservation of semen
Semen processing for
cooling
PRACTICAL
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Dilution of semen with Egg
yolk-Na citrate solution
Storage and Handling of Bull
Semen, 205
Processing Boar, Ram, Stallion
and Buck Semen, 207
Insemination Techniques, 213
Insemination of the Cow, 213
Insemination of the Ewe and
Doe, 221
Insemination of the Sow, 222
Insemination of the Mare, 222
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Estimation of metabolic activity
1) Respiratory Activity
2) Methylene blue reduction
test
Fructolysis test
Catalase Test
Application of vaginal sponges
in sheep