Section 3.4
Using the Periodic Table
Objectives
1. To learn some features of the Periodic Table
2. To learn some of the properties of metals, nonmetals
and metalloids
3. To learn the nature of the common elements
Section 3.4
Using the Periodic Table
A. Introduction to the Periodic Table
• The periodic table shows all of the known elements in
order of increasing atomic number.
Section 3.4
Using the Periodic Table
A. Introduction to the Periodic Table
• The periodic table is organized to group elements with
similar properties in vertical columns.
Section 3.4
Using the Periodic Table
Introduction to the Periodic Table
• Give the Symbol and Name of 5 Elements from the
following Groups
– Halogens
– Noble Gases
– Alkali Metals
– Transition Metals
– Alkaline Earths
• What is the Group number for
– Oxygen
– Nitrogen
– Carbon
Section 3.4
Using the Periodic Table
A. Introduction to the Periodic Table
• Most elements are metals and occur on the left side.
• The nonmetals appear on the right side.
• Metalloids are elements that have some metallic and
some nonmetallic properties.
Section 3.4
Using the Periodic Table
A. Introduction to the Periodic Table
•
Physical Properties of Metals
1. Efficient conduction of heat and electricity
2. Malleability (can be hammered into thin sheets)
3. Ductility (can be pulled into wires)
4. A lustrous (shiny) appearance
Section 3.4
Using the Periodic Table
Tightest frying pan roll
The tightest circumference of a
30 centimeter (12-inch)
aluminium frying pan, rolled with
bare hands in 30 seconds is
17.46 centimeters (6.87 inches),
set by Scott Murphy at the NXB
Team Training Center in Myrtle
Beach, S.C., on July 30, 2007.
Guinness Book of Records
Section 3.4
Using the Periodic Table
Elements in the Periodic Table
• What is the symbol, group number, group name and
element classification for:– Sodium
– Iodine
– Argon
– Iron
– Barium
– Silicon
– Uranium
– Erbium
Section 3.4
Using the Periodic Table
B. Natural States of the Elements
• Most elements are very reactive.
• Elements are not generally found in nature in
uncombined form.
– Exceptions are:
• Noble metals – gold, platinum and silver
• Noble gases – Group 8
Section 3.4
Using the Periodic Table
B. Natural States of the Elements
• Diatomic Molecules
Nitrogen gas contains
N2 molecules.
Oxygen gas contains
O2 molecules.
Section 3.4
Using the Periodic Table
B. Natural States of the Elements
• Diatomic Molecules
Section 3.4
Using the Periodic Table
HONClBrI
F
HONClBrIF
HONClBrIF
Section 3.4
Using the Periodic Table
B. Natural States of the Elements
• Elemental Solids – Can exist as “Allotropes”
Carbon
atoms
Diamond
Graphite
Buckminsterfullerene
Section 3.4
Using the Periodic Table
507-Carat Diamond Found at
South African Mine
Graphite
Section 3.4
Using the Periodic Table
Elements in the Periodic Table
• Give the element classification (metal, non-metal, metalloid)
and natural state (solid, liquid, gas, molecule?) of:
– Potassium
– Chlorine
– Neon
– Tungsten
– Magnesium
– Germanium
– Iodine
– Mercury