Cell Quiz #1 – Study Guide
Cell Types, Scientists, Cell Theory, Cell Structure & Function
Basic Cell Terminology
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Organelles – structures within a cell that help it survive
Cell – the building blocks of life
Tissues – cells working in teams
Organs – tissues working together
Organ system (body system) – organs working together
Organism – organ systems working together; any living thing
Unicellular – made of a single cell
Multicellular – made of many cells
Prokaryotic – a cell with no nucleus; bacteria
Eukaryotic – a cell with a nucleus and complicated internal structure
Microscope – instrument that magnifies an object; needed to view most cells
Important Scientists
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Hooke – observed the first cell; coined the term ‘cell’ (tiny room)
van Leeuwenhoek – observed ‘animalcules’ (bacteria and protists)
Schleiden – plants are made of plant cells
Schwann – animals are made of animal cells
Virchow – The Cell Theory
o all organisms are composed of one or more cells
o cells are the basic units of structure and function in all living things
o cells can only come from other living cells
Prokaryotic Cell Characteristics
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Four main parts – cell membrane, cytoplasm, ribosomes, and DNA
Simple cell
All have a cell wall and some may have a third layer called a capsule
Oldest living organisms on earth
Eukaryotic Cell Characteristics
Animal Cells
Plant Cells
Four main parts – cell membrane,
Four main parts – cell membrane,
cytoplasm, ribosomes, and DNA
cytoplasm, ribosomes, and DNA
Contain a very complicated system of Contain a very complicated system of
structures; many organelles
structures; many organelles
including lysosomes, centrioles and
including chloroplasts, cell wall, and
many small vacuoles
large vacuole
Cell Structure & Function – Organelles
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Cell membrane – controls materials going into and out of the cell (all cells)
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Cell wall – provides strength and support to the cell membrane (plant cells, bacteria)
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Centrioles – involved in cell division (animal cells)
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Chloroplasts – organelle where photosynthesis occurs (plant cells)
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Chromosomes – contain DNA (all cells)
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Cytoplasm – surround and support the cell’s organelles (all cells)
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Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) – internal delivery system of the cell (eukaryotic cells)
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Golgi bodies (Golgi apparatus ) – external delivery system of the cell (eukaryotic
cells)
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Lysosomes – digest food, wastes, and foreign invaders (animal cells, uncommon in
plant cells)
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Mitochondria – breaks down food to make energy – ATP (eukaryotic cells)
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Nucleolus – stores materials used to make ribosomes (eukaryotic cells)
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Nucleus – control center of the cell (eukaryotic cells)
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Ribosomes – makes proteins (all cells)
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Vacuole – storage container for water and other liquids (eukaryotic cells)
Animal & Plant Cell Diagrams