Anatomy and Physiology I
Muscles that Move the Vertebral Skeleton
Muscles that Aid in Breathing
Muscles of the Abdominal Wall
Muscles that Move the Scapula
Instructor: Mary Holman
Muscles that move the
Vertebral Column
Erector spinae:
Iliocostalis group - lateral
Longissimus group - intermediate
Spinalis group - medial
Fig. 9.26
Iliocostalis (lateral) group
Iliocostalis cervicis
Iliocostalis thoracis
Iliocostalis lumborum
Action:
Acting together, muscles of
each region extend and maintain erect posture of vertebral
column in their respective
region.
Acting singly, laterally flex
vertebral column in their region.
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Fig. 9.26
Iliocostalis Group of
Erector Spinae
Iliocostalis
cervicis
Iliocostalis
thoracis
Cervicis Origin: upper 6 ribs
Insertion: cervical vertebrae 4-6
Action: extends neck
Thoracis Origin: lower 6 ribs
Insertion: upper 6 ribs
Action: holds spine erect, extends,
laterally flexes & rotates
Lumborum Iliocostalis
lumborum
Origin: Iliac crest & lumbar vert.
Insertion: lower 6 ribs
Action: Extends, laterally flexes &
rotates spine
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Fig. 9.26
Longissimus (intermediate) Group
Longissimus capitis
Longissimus cervicis
Longissimus thoracis
Action:
Acting together, both L. capitis
muscles extend the head.
Acting singly, they rotate the
head to the same side as the
contracting muscle.
Acting together, L. cervicis &
L. thoracis extend the vertebral
column in their regions. Acting
singly, they laterally flex the
vertebral column in their region.
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Fig. 9.26
Longissimus
capitis
Longissimus Group of
Erector spinae
Capitis-
Longissimus
cervicis
Longissimus
thoracis
Origin: upper thoracic, lower
cervical vertebrae
Insertion: Mastoid process
Action: extends & rotates head
Cervicis Origin: 4th and 5th thoracic vertebrae
Insertion: 2nd - 6th cervical vertebrae
Action: holds spine erect, extends,
laterally flexes & rotates
ThoracisOrigin: lumbar vertebrae
Insertion: Thor. and upper lumbar
vertebrae & ribs 9 & 10
Action: Extends thoracic region of
spine
Fig. 9.26
Spinalis (medial) Group
Spinalis capitis
Spinalis cervicis
Spinalis thoracis
Action:
Acting together, muscles of
each region extend the
vertebral column of their
respective regions.
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Fig. 9.26
Spinalis Group of
Spinalis
capitis
Erector spinae
Capitis-
Spinalis
cervicis
Origin: upper thoracic, lower
cervical vertebrae
Insertion: Occipital bone
Action: extends & rotates head
Spinalis
thoracis
Cervicis Origin: ligmentum nuchae & 7th
cervical vertebra
Insertion: axis
Action: holds spine erect, extends,
laterally flexes & rotates
ThoracisOrigin: upper lumbar and lower
thoracic vertebrae
Insertion: Upper thoracic vertebrae
Action: Extends thoracic region of
spine
Erector spinae:
APRevealed
Iliocostalis group
Longissimus group
Spinalis group
Fig. 9.26
Quadratus lumborum
Origin: Iliac crest
Insertion: Upper lumbar
vertebrae & 12th rib
Action: Aids in breathing,
Extends lumbar region
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Muscles Used in Breathing
• Diaphragm
• External Intercostals
• Internal Intercostals
• Quadratus lumborum
Plate 7, pg 45
Origin:
Xiphoid process,
costal cartilages
of inferior 6 ribs,
and lumbar
vertebrae
Diaphragm
Insertion:
Central tendon
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Plate 7, pg 45
External
intercostal m.
Intercostals
Origin:
Inferior border of
rib above
Insertion:
Superior border
of rib below
Internal
intercostal m.
Origin:
Superior border of rib
below
Insertion:
Inferior border of rib
above
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Fig. 9.26
Quadratus lumborum
Origin: Iliac crest
Insertion: Upper lumbar
vertebrae & 12th rib
Action: Aids in breathing,
extends lumbar region
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Plate 7 pg. 45
Quadratus
lumborum
Anterior view
Muscles of the Abdominal
Wall
Rectus abdominis
External oblique
Internal oblique
Transversus abdominis
Fig. 9.35a
Tendinous intersections
Rectus abdominis
Origin:
Crest of pubis and symphysis
pubis
Insertion:
Xiphoid process of sternum
and costal cartilages of 5th
to 7th ribs
Action:
Tenses abdominal wall,
compresses abdominal contents and flexes vertebral
column.
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9.35 a & b
External oblique
Origin:
Outer surfaces of
lower 8 ribs
Insertion:
Iliac crest and linea
alba
Action:
Tenses abdominal
wall and compresses
abdominal contents.
Fig. 9.35a & c
Internal oblique
Origin:
Crest of ilium and
inguinal ligament
Insertion:
Cartilages of lower
ribs, linea alba and,
crest of pubis
Action:
Tenses abdominal
wall and compresses
abdominal contents
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Fig. 9.35d
Transversus abdominis
Origin:
Costal cartilages of
lower ribs, processes
of lumbar vertebrae,
& lip of iliac crest.
Insertion:
Linea alba and crest
of pubis.
Action:
Tenses abdominal
wall and compresses
abdominal contents
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Plate Two Pg 40
Rectus abdominus
External
Oblique
Internal Oblique
Transversus abdominus
Fig. 9.35e
Transverse Section through Abdominal Wall
Peritoneum
Transversus
abdominis
Linea alba
Skin
Rectus abdominis
External
oblique
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Internal
oblique
Page 347
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Muscles that Move
the Pectoral Girdle
Muscles that Move the
Pectoral Girdle
Anterior Thoracic Muscles
• Pectoralis minor
• Serratus anterior
Posterior Thoracic Muscles
• Trapezius
• Levator scapulae
• Rhomboideus major
• Rhomboideus minor
Fig. 9.28
Pectoralis minor
Origin:
Three upper ribs (can vary)
Insertion:
Coracoid process of
scapula
Action:
Depresses and abducts
scapula forward, rotates it
downward or raises ribs
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Fig. 9.28
Serratus anterior
Origin:
Superior 8 or 9 ribs
Insertion:
Ventral surface of scapula
Action:
Pulls scapula anteriorly
and downward
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Posterior
Anterior
Trapezius
Origin: Occipital bone
& spines of 7th cervical
and all thoracic
vertebrae
Insertion: Clavicle,
spine and acromion
process of scapula
Action: Rotates scapula
can raise, pull medially,
pull upward or depress
scapula
Fig. 9.28
Fig. 9.27b
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Plate 57 pg 349
Biceps brachii m.
Triceps brachii m.
Deltoid m.
Trapezius m.
Infraspinatus m.
Teres major m.
Border of scapula
Vertebral spine
Latissimus dorsi m.
Erector spinae m.
© Dr. Kent M. Van De Graaff
Fig. 9.29a
Levator scapulae
Origin: Transverse
Spine of
scapula
processes of superior 4
or 5 cervical vertebrae
Insertion: Medial
border of scapula
Action: Elevates
scapula and rotates it
downward
Fig. 9.27d
Rhomboideus major
Fig. 9.27a
Origin: Spines of
upper thoracic
vertebrae
Insertion: Medial
margin of scapula
Action: Adducts,
elevates and
rotates scapula
downward
Fig. 9.27d
Rhomboideus minor
Fig. 9.27a
Origin: Spines of
lower cervical
vertebrae
Insertion: Medial
margin of scapula
Action: Adducts,
and elevates
scapula