11th Grade Final Exam Study Guide
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Terms
o Concession
o Refutation
o Bias terms - Define each term in your own words. Provide a new example for each
(New as in not an example we have already used in class).
 Bias through Selection and Omission
 Bias through Placement
 Bias through Headline
 Bias through Photos, Captions, and Camera Angles
 Bias through Statistics and Crowd Counts
 Bias through Source Control
o “Slanters” – Define each term in your own words. Provide a new example for each
(New as in not an example we have already used in class).
 Labeling
 Rhetorical analogy
 Rhetorical definition
 Rhetorical explanation
 Innuendo
 Downplayers
 Hyperbole
 Truth Surrogates
 Ridicule/Sarcasm
o Fallacies - Define each term in your own words. Provide a new example for each (New
as in not an example we have already used in class).
 Hasty Generalization
 Post Hoc
 Ad Populum
 “Argument” from Outrage
 Ad Misercordiam or Appeal to Pity
 Ad Baculum or Scare Tactics
 Straw Man
 Ad Hominem or Genetic Fallacy
 Red Herring or Smokescreen
 Slippery Slope
 Either/Or – False Dilemma
o Satire (Juvenalian vs. Horatian)
o Parody
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Texts – Summarize the text in your own words. What’s the overall message of the text? How
would you describe Twain’s style of writing in each? What kind of satire does he use?
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Mark Twain’s “Advice to Youth”
Mark Twain’s “The War Prayer”
Into the Wild
o People (Describe each person and their relationship/impact on the story. In other
words, what are the most important details that Krakauer wants you to take away
about each person below?)
 Jon Krakauer
 Chris McCandless
 Billie McCandless
 Walter McCandless
 Carine McCandless
 Wayne Westerberg
 Jan Burres
 Ronald Franz
 Gaylord Stuckey
 Jim Gallien
 Gene Rosellini
 John Waterman
 Carl McCunn
 Everett Ruess
o Places (Where does Chris’ travels take him? Although the book doesn’t do so, try to
list/describe the experiences chronologically. )
o Plot (This goes with place/people. Make sure you know the storyline well and that
you understand how each person relates to Chris’ journey.)
o Themes (This is on you to come up with)