Chapter 6 Guided Notes
Before Providing Care
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Infectious disease are spread from ______________________________________have been in
contact with them.
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Lifeguards must protect themselves and others from ____________________________.
Blood Borne Pathogens
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Are ______________ present in blood and body fluids, which cause _________________.
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Bacteria can live outside the body
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Viruses are in the body and difficult to kill
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Are spread through ____________________________ contact
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The primary concern for professional rescuers are hepatitis B, hepatitis C and HIV
Bacteria
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Can be treated with antibiotics
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Strep throat
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Anthrax
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Viruses
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Few medications can fight viruses
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The body’s immune system is number one protection against infection
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Chickenpox
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Hepatitis
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HIV/AIDS
Herpes
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A highly contagious STD that is caused by two forms of herpes simplexes
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_______________-fever blisters/ cold sores in the mouth or lips
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________________-blister-like lesions in the genital areas
Hepatitis B
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Can be severe or fatal
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Sign and symptoms: flu-like, jaundice, fatigue, joint pain, nausea, loss of appetite
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There is currently a vaccine ______________ must be made available to all employees who have
occupational exposure, including LG’s
Hepatitis C
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Most common chronic bloodborne infection in the US
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Signs & symptoms: similar to hbv, jaundice, dark urine, abdominal pain, loss of appetite, nausea
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There is no vaccination and no treatment after exposure
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HIV
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Attacks white blood cells, thus destroying the immune system
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Signs & symptoms: many
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No cure or vaccination
Fact About AIDS
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The disease:
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Caused by HIV- Human Immunodeficiency Virus
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Infections that strike people whose immune systems are weakened by HIV are called
opportunistic infections.
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When a person has a significant drop in white blood cells they are diagnosed as having AIDS
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Famous People Affected/ Died From HIV/AIDS
How is the Disease Transmitted?
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The virus enters three basic ways:
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Through direct contact with the blood stream (blood, semen, vaginal fluids, breast milk)
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Through the mucous membrane linings (eyes, mouth, throat, rectum, vagina)
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Mother to unborn baby
Wash your hands
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Always wash your hands especially after providing care. May have blood or other bodily
secretions on it.
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One of the many ways bacteria, viruses, and other illnesses may be spread.
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Count your _________________
How Pathogens Spread
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___________must be met for a pathogen to spread:
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A ________________________________
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A sufficient quantity of the pathogen is present to cause disease
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A person is susceptible to the ____________
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The pathogen passes through the correct entry site (eyes, mouth or other mucous
membranes, non-intact skin or skin pierced by needlesticks, human bites, cuts, etc.)
Direct contact
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Occurs when infected blood or body fluids from one person’s enters another person’s body
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Kissing
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Touching
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Sex
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Blood splashing in the eye or from directly touching the body fluids.
Indirect contact
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Occurs when a person touches an object that contains the blood or body fluid
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Coming in contact with something that has been _____________________of an infected person
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Picking up blood-soaked bandages
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Cough
Facts:
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~Sneezes can travel at a speed of 100 miles per hour and the wet spray can radiate five feet.
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~Donna Griffiths from Worcestershire, England sneezed for 978 days, sneezing once every
minute at the beginning. This is the longest sneezing episode on record.
Prevention
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Your behavior can put you at risk for being infected with HIV, HBV/HCV
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Unprotected _____________
Universal/Standard Precautions
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These precautions require that ALL_____________________________be treated as if known to
be infectious.
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Make sure immunizations are up to date
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Avoid ____________________body fluids
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Wash hands before and after care
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Clean areas that come in contact with body fluids (water/bleach solution)
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Use a pocket mask when giving mouth-to-mouth resuscitation
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Don’t eat, drink, or touch your mouth, nose, or eyes when giving care
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Be prepared by having first aid kit handy & stocked with protective equipment & supplies
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Personal protective equipment: breathing barriers, nonlatex disposable gloves, gowns, masks,
shields and protective eyewear.
General Procedures for Injury or Sudden Illness on Land
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1. Size up the scene
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Look for dangers (down power lines, traffic, explosions, violence, etc)
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Put on protective equipment
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What happened?
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# of victims
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Additional help needed? (fire, police, EMS)
2. Perform Initial Assessment
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Is done to identify life-threatening conditions
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Is done to identify life-threatening conditions
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Is done to identify life-threatening conditions
How to perform initial assessment
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CHECK the victim for consciousness & obtain CONSENT if victim is conscious
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Tap on shoulder, ask…are you ok? Pinch an infants toe
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IF NO RESPONSE…Summon EMS
CHECK for signs of life (movement and breathing)
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Look, listen, & feel
CHECK for a pulse
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Carotid artery in neck (adult/child)
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Brachial artery inside arm/bicep (infant)
CHECK severe bleeding
General Procedures cont…
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Summon EMS (read “call first or care first” pg. 94…see list of when to summon EMS p.95)
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9-1-1
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Give conditions
Perform Secondary Assessment
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Identifies additional conditions
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May become life threatening if not cared for
Obtaining Consent
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Before providing care to a conscious victim, obtain his/her consent. If a minor get consent from
parent/guardian.
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LG Tip: document any refusal of care. If a witness is available, have witness listen to, and
document in writing any refusal of care.
Demonstrate & Practice Emergency Moves
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Two-person seat carry
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Walking assist
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Pack-strap carry