Displacement
• Watch this scene:
• Based off of this scene, what can you tell about these people? Answer in complete sentences and address the following:
1. Speech (how they speak)
2. Situation (what is going on with them?)
3. Relationships (What roles do they have in the family?)
4. Appearance (Are they wealthy, poor? How can you tell?)
• How do you feel about them and why?
• What else can you tell me about them?

Displacement
• Questions for video clip: “Struggle for Immigrants”
1) What top three things do these men value?
2) How do these men feel?
3) How would their wives feel?
4) What do these men struggle with?

Displacement
• Remember a time your family struggled with trying to earn enough money to get by.
1) What events made money tight?
2) How did the experience affect the relationships between your family members?
3) How did the stress and hardship affect the way your parents treated you and your siblings?
4) How did you feel?

Displacement
• Now, read or discuss your answers within your group. Feel free to comment or ask questions after the reader finishes.
• As a class, discuss.

The Grapes of Wrath
Take out a piece of paper
What do you know about personification?
a comparison, give animal and non living noun human traits,

Literary Terms
The Grapes of Wrath
Allusion: a reference to, or representation of, people, places, events, literary work, myths, or works of art, either directly or by implication
Personification: a figure of speech in which abstractions, animals, ideas, and inanimate objects are endowed with human form, character, traits, or sensibilities.
Archetype: a typical, ideal, or classic example of something. In literature, archetypes relate to a “type” of character, especially Jesus!
Juxtaposition: Using two themes, characters, images, phrases, words, or situations together for comparison and contrast.

Literary Terms
The Grapes of Wrath
Personification: a figure of speech in which abstractions, animals, ideas, and inanimate objects are endowed with human form, character, traits, or sensibilities.
Go outside, and write a description of the quad, comparing the setting to a beautiful woman or man.
“The soft skin of the grass shined in the warm hug of the sun. The benches rose from the ground like teeth. The strands of wind brushed against my skin like beautiful hair. Dirt scarred the lawn.”

The Grapes of Wrath
Go outside, and write a description of the quad, comparing the setting to a beautiful woman or man. USE lots of similes and metaphors.
Describe the following Quad items in a loving way:
Grass
Sky
Trees
Use the following human items:
Skin, hair, teeth, eyes.
“The soft skin of the grass shined in the warm hug of the sun. The benches rose from the ground like teeth. The strands of wind brushed against my skin like beautiful hair. Dirt scarred the lawn.”

Literary Terms
The Grapes of Wrath
Personification: a figure of speech in which abstractions, animals, ideas, and inanimate objects are endowed with human form, character, traits, or sensibilities.
Write a group annotation, IN PAIRS, of personification being used in the first chapter.
Reference the text.
Cite an example.
How can you use it in your own work?

The Grapes of Wrath
1. Take out The Grapes of Wrath
2. Turn to page 3 (Chapter 1)

1. Work in pairs.
The Grapes of Wrath
2. Mark at least four examples of personification in chapter 1.
3. I will go over the first few.
4. I will call on you for points.

The Grapes of Wrath
1. You have one minute.
2. Assume you are John Steinbeck, writing this novel. Why would you want to personify mother nature, the earth? What are you trying to persuade the reader of?

The Grapes of Wrath
• Personification
– What features of the turtle, according to the author, can easily transfer to some of the characters in this novel?

• Hero
• Rebel
• Gentle Giant
• Holy Child
• Sinning Preacher
• Flawed Hero

The Grapes of Wrath
• What is “The Human Spirit?”

The Grapes of Wrath
• Where do you see examples of “The Human Spirit?”

The Grapes of Wrath
Take out a piece of paper

The Grapes of Wrath
1. Take out your Grapes of Wrath notes.
2. Turn to the following pages
Period 1 and 4
Hardcover: Turn to page 25, middle of page
Paperback: Turn to page 26, middle of page
“Joad said, ‘Hi. It’s hotter’n hell on the road.’”

The Grapes of Wrath

The Grapes of Wrath
Copy down the essay prompt below:
5 Page Essay Question: What does American history reveal about the effects of displacement on the displaced, and those who receive the displaced? Use When the Emperor Was Divine and The Grapes of
Wrath to support your answer.

The Grapes of Wrath
5 Page Essay Question: What does American history reveal about the effects of displacement on the displaced, and those who receive the displaced? Use When the Emperor Was Divine and The Grapes of
Wrath to support your answer.
What moments can you use, so far, as evidence for a thesis? (Hint:
Loneliness, spiritual life etc).
Speak with a partner.
You have 3 minutes.

The Grapes of Wrath
Take out a piece of paper.
Label it, “Grapes of Wrath Quotes”

The Grapes of Wrath
5 Page Essay Question: What does American history reveal about the effects of displacement on the displaced, and those who receive the displaced? Use When the Emperor Was Divine and The Grapes of
Wrath to support your answer.
You have 10 minutes.
Find two quotes you can potentially use.

The Grapes of Wrath
Use terms such as (Copy these words down.):
• Alienation
• Dehumanization
• Grace
• The Human Spirit
• History
• Discrimination
• Race
• Class
• Identity
• Culture
• Fatalism
• Past
• Assimilation

The Grapes of Wrath (notes)
• Title: Allusions to the bible, of justice and grace from God’s wrath.
The grapes are what the struggling farmers harvested. The dust bowl, the great depression were all “god’s wrath.”
• Mine eyes have seen the glory of the coming of the Lord: He is trampling out the vintage where the grapes of wrath are stored; He hath loosed the fateful lightning of His terrible swift sword: His truth is marching on.
• Revelation 14:19–20
• And the angel thrust in his sickle into the earth, and gathered the vine of the earth, and cast it into the great winepress of the wrath of God. And the winepress was trodden without the city, and blood came out of the winepress, even unto the horse bridles, by the space of a thousand and six hundred furlongs.

Questions:
• In pairs, write down a question for each line of tension.
• 3 Types of “questions” or “lines of tension.”
– Short (question is asked, then answered in same chapter, maybe even same page.)
– Medium (question is asked, then answered in a few chapters, maybe even the middle of the book).
– Long (question is asked and answered at end of the
Novel. Usually includes death or marriage!)

The Grapes of Wrath
• Distance and point of view:
– What is the point of view used? (1 st , 2 nd or 3 rd ?)
– Is it distant or close? (Close means you are right in the character’s head, in her most intimate thoughts. Distant means you don’t even know the character’s name—like Julie Otsuka’s characters.
Mythic quality using this p

The Grapes of Wrath-Chapter 5
Period 1 and 4
Hardcover: Turn to page 47
Paperback: Turn to page 49
“At noon the tractor driver…”

The Grapes of Wrath-Chapter 3
• What the hell is up with the turtle chapters?
• Personification
– What features of the turtle, according to the author, can easily transfer to some of the characters in this novel?
• Juxtaposition
– What type of scene comes before and after the turtle chapters?
Analyze Steinbeck’s move:
In pairs: why would Steinbeck write these random (or are they random?) turtle scenes when this book is about people? Or are people and animals actually part of the same story, the same struggle? Nature and man? As one? What are you DOING,
Steinbeck? Why don’t you just tell the STORY!

The Grapes of Wrath-Chapter 3
• What the hell is up with the turtle chapters?
• Find any description of nature that somehow mirrors the type of people you are meeting in this novel.
• Work in pairs.
• I will call on you for points.

The Grapes of Wrath Chapter 4
• “Set up” chapter. Answer short line questions from chapter 2, and drops new questions.
• Introduces characters through story: Ma, pa, uncle John, Grampa.
Some are “crazy bastards”(40) and drunkards. In other words, utterly human, utterly love.
• By storytelling, we get a preview of the type of characters we are about to encounter. Builds anticipation.
• Read page 38 to class.
• In groups, share same type of mythic stories about your own family
(10 minutes). Then choose your favorite story out of the group and share with class.
• We are reading a universal story. We all experience the same triumph and travail.

The Grapes of Wrath Chapter 4
• If your son was dying of hunger, would you steal food to help him survive?
• What is “right” or “wrong?”

The Grapes of Wrath Chapter 4
• Jim Casey: Conditions of the time stripped this holy man of his religion.
– “The sperit ain’t in the people much no more; and worse’n that, the sperit ain’t in me no more (27)
– Displacement of his people left him isolated, alienated (For Essay!)
– No longer is a preacher…which means that displacement in America caused what, spiritually?
• What is the difference between holy/divine love and human love?
Is there a difference? (Something to do with…judgment?)
• Share with a partner.
• I will call on you.

The Grapes of Wrath Chapter 4
• What’s the antonym for “alienation” (hint…Father Boyle from Home
Boy Industries).
– ”Maybe,’ I figgered, ‘maybe it’s all men an’ all women we love; maybe that’s the Holy Sperit—the human sperit—the whole shebang. Maybe all men got one big soul ever’body’s a part of.’ Now I sat there thinkin’ it, an’ all of a suddent—I knew it. I knew it so deep down that it was true, and I still know it.” (32-33)
• What did displacement in America force this preacher to believe?
• Talk with a partner.
• I will call on you

The Grapes of Wrath Chapter 4
In groups, write down one belief that you accept:
Example: “YOLO.”
Things happen for a reason.
True love hurts etc.

The Grapes of Wrath Chapter 4
• What is the difference between holy/divine love and human love?
Is there a difference?
– Page 93, JC: “’You know,’ he said, ‘it’s a nice thing not bein’ a preacher no more. Nobody use’ ta tell stories when I was there, or if they did, I couldn’ laugh. An’ I couldn’ cuss. Now I cuss all I want, any time I want, an’ it does a fella good to cuss if he wants to.
– In this instance, how did religion separate JC from his people? How did organized religion cause a split?
– What’s your opinion? Should religion not allow preachers to practice what his fellow brothers and sisters are living?

The Grapes of Wrath Chapter 4
– “There ain’t no sin and there ain’t no virture. There’s just stuff people do. It’s all part of the same thing…I love people so much I’m fit to bust, sometimes..An Jesus. I know a bunch of stories, but I only love people.” 32
– What type of beliefs does preacher Casy have based on what he says on page
31-32? Do you agree with him?

“Crossing Brooklyn Ferry” – Walt Whitman
It avails not, neither time or place—distance avails not;
20
I am with you, you men and women of a generation, or ever so many generations hence;
I project myself—also I return—I am with you, and know how it is.
Just as you feel when you look on the river and sky, so I felt;
Just as any of you is one of a living crowd, I was one of a crowd;
Just as you are refresh’d by the gladness of the river and the bright flow, I was refresh’d;
25
Just as you stand and lean on the rail, yet hurry with the swift current, I stood, yet was hurried;
Just as you look on the numberless masts of ships, and the thickstem’d pipes of steamboats, I look’d.
1. How is this passage related to the human spirit? “The whole shebang?” (You MUST reference this text with your answer).
2. Speak with a partner.
3. I will call on you.

The Grapes of Wrath Chapter 4
Read “Crossing Brooklyn Ferry.”
“Maybe all men got one big soul ever’body’s a part of.”
• Find one passage from “Crossing Brooklyn Ferry” that shows kinship, the same spirit as the passage above.
• Work with a partner.
• You have 2 minutes.

The Grapes of Wrath Chapter 4

The Grapes of Wrath Chapter 4
Read “Crossing Brooklyn Ferry.”
“Maybe all men got one big soul ever’body’s a part of.”
• As John Steinbeck, what techniques can you use to capture this spirit of “EVERYBODY” in your book?
• Steinbeck will show us through chapter 5, so take a peak at
Chapter 5.
• You have 5 minutes.

The Grapes of Wrath Chapter 4
• Luke 15:11-32
• Parable of the Prodigal Son
• Painting by Pompeo Batoni
• 1773

The Grapes of Wrath Chapter 4
• Biblical Allusions (Intertextuality)
• One text refers to another, providing layers of meaning.
– The Prodigal Son, also known as the Lost Son is one of the parables of Jesus. It appears in only one of the Canonical gospels of the New Testament.
According to the Gospel of Luke (Luke 15:11-32), a father, in response to his demands, gives the younger of his two sons his inheritance before he dies.
The younger son, after wasting his fortune (the word 'prodigal' means
'wastefully extravagant'), repents and returns home, where the father holds a feast to celebrate his return. The older son refuses to participate, stating that in all the time the son has worked for the father, he did not even give him a goat to celebrate with his friends. His father reminds the older son that everything the father has is the older son's, but that they should still celebrate the return of the younger son as he has come back to them. It is the third and final part of a cycle on redemption, following the Parable of the Lost
Sheep and the Parable of the Lost Coin.

The Grapes of Wrath Chapter 4
• Do you have a sibling that is like the prodigal son?
• Share with a partner.
• Share to class.

The Grapes of Wrath Chapter 4
• Biblical Allusions
– Page 41: “Maybe Tom’ll kill the fatted calf like for the prodigal in Scripture.”
– Fatted calf is a metaphor or symbol of festive celebration and rejoicing for someone's long-awaited return. It derives from the parable of the prodigal son in the New Testament. In biblical times, people would often keep at least one piece of livestock that was fed a special diet to fatten it up, thus making it more flavorful when prepared as a meal. Slaughtering this livestock was to be done on rare and special occasions. Thus when the prodigal son returns, the father "kills the fatted calf" to show that the celebration is out of the ordinary.
• How is Tom’s return like the Prodigal son returning?
• Luke 15:11-32

The Grapes of Wrath-Chapter 5
Period 1 and 4
Hardcover: Turn to page 40
Paperback: Turn to page 42

The Grapes of Wrath Chapter 5
• Books teach you how to read it
• This chapter teaches you how to read rest of book
• Allows you to get used to “wide-out” point of view, using omniscience to enter random lives to understand the “whole shebang” experience of the Great Depression
• Read page 42-44 together
• Uses first person plural point of view: “We can’t depend on it.” (44)
– Why?

The Grapes of Wrath Chapter 5
• What is the monster? (personification)

The Grapes of Wrath Chapter 5
• Circle the paragraph “The tenants cried…”

The Grapes of Wrath Chapter 5
• Uses first person plural point of view: “We can’t depend on it.” (44)
– Why?
– To inhabit the collective consciousness of the people, to live like the group and feel empathy for them.
– Sounds like a chant.
• Page 43: Themes of alienation caused by the conflict of man versus machine.
• Corporations and business destroy humanity, one of the causes of displacement.

The Grapes of Wrath Chapter 5
• How are the reactions of Okies different from the Japanese
Americans in When the Emperor Was Divine when they were displaced?

The Grapes of Wrath Chapter 5
• Pages 48-49 Paperback (45-46 hardcover): Personification used to depict rape of field
1. Identify any moment where personification is used to depict rape on the field.
2. You have 2 minutes.
3. Work with a partner.

The Grapes of Wrath Chapter 5
• Pages 48-49 Paperback (45-46 hardcover): Personification used to depict rape of field
What is Steinbeck trying to persuade us of, using this move of personification?
You have 2 minutes.
Work with a partner.

The Grapes of Wrath Chapter 5
• Pages 48-49: Personification used to depict rape of field
• Shows violent relationship between machines and nature…why?

The Grapes of Wrath Chapter 6
Using physical details to create mood: Read page 54-55
Write down an equation: a + b = c a = detail-1 b = detail-2 c = mood
Read page 65: AP style. Analyze this passage of the landscape and show how it affects the mood.

The Grapes of Wrath Chapter 6

The Grapes of Wrath Chapter 6

Questions: Page 57 Hardcover, 60
• paperback
Take out a piece of paper.
• Work in pairs.
• Turn in your work in the back.

Questions: Page 57 Hardcover, 60
• paperback
In pairs, write down a question for each line of tension.
• 3 Types of “questions” or “lines of tension.”
– Short (question is asked, then answered in same chapter, maybe even same page.)
– Medium (question is asked, then answered in a few chapters, maybe even the middle of the book).
– Long (question is asked and answered at end of the
Novel. Usually includes death or marriage!)

The Grapes of Wrath Chapter 6

The Grapes of Wrath Chapter 6
Physical displacement rips people away from their past, from their history.
Physical displacement causes an almost spiritual displacement, isolating the individual.
“An’ there’s the place down by the barn where Pa got gored to death by a bull.
An’ his blood is right in that groun’, right now. Mus’ be. Nobody never washed it out.” (page 69, paperback)
“I put my han’ right on the groun’ where that blood is still. An’ I seen my pa with a hole through his ches’…An’ I went in the room where Joe was born. Bed wasn’t there, but it was the room.” (Page 70)

The Grapes of Wrath Chapter 8

The Grapes of Wrath Chapter 8

The Grapes of Wrath Chapter 9

The Grapes of Wrath Chapter 9

The Grapes of Wrath Chapter 9

The Grapes of Wrath Chapter 9

The Grapes of Wrath Chapter 6
Spiritual differences in novels from displacement:
Page 76 paperback, 72 hardcover: Jim Casy’s dialogue. Who does he remind you of? What archetypal figure?
“I guess I won’t try to say her—but maybe there’s a place for a preacher. Maybe
I can preach again. Folks out lonely on the road, folks with no lan’, no home to go to. They got to have some kind of home. Maybe—“He stood over the fire…(What does “home” mean here? Human, spiritual community) (77) “Yeah,
I’m goin’ with you. An’ when your folks start out on the road I’m goin’ with them. An’ where folks are on the road, I’m gonna be with them.”
Point? Displacement caused spiritual alienation, a disconnection from God.

The Grapes of Wrath Chapter 7
• “Wide-out” point of view, using omniscience to enter random lives to understand the “whole shebang” experience of the Great
Depression.
• Point of view: Whose head are we in? Read page 83-84
• What does chapter 7 do for the book? Why did Steinbeck put this chapter in the book?

The Grapes of Wrath Chapter 7
• This point of view, this language of the salesman, portrays how the human spirit can be crushed by profits, by companies, by sales. This is how capitalism can sometimes kill the human spirit. (84: “That’s a good profit).
• THIS CAN BE A GREAT CHAPTER TO PULL QUOTES ON THE REASONS
WHY FOLKS WERE DISPLACED!!!!
• They were displaced because they couldn’t afford their house payments, their food, their children’s clothing. They were poor and couldn’t afford to live.

The Grapes of Wrath Chapter 7
• Are corporations (big companies: banks, Ralphs, Target, Walmart,
Nike, Costco) good for society?
• As talking points, you can use
1.
The Grapes of Wrath,
2.
one research item from your phone
3.
One personal experience
Put small ideas out of business
Environmental Menace

The Grapes of Wrath Chapter 8
• Language is always political, always persuasive
• The type of diction you apply to the type of people reveals your attitude towards those people:
– Example #1: Using ghetto language on poor people.
– That dirty, poor, ratchet woman smacked her kid around like a ragdoll, as if the woman was all janky and ghetto.
– What is the writer’s attitude towards those people?
– Example #2: Using high diction, elevated language when describing poor people.
– During the most extreme moment of duress, the woman dealt a corrective blow, in the form of corporeal punishment, in order for the family to achieve harmony during the chaos and difficulty of the times.
– What is the writer’s attitude towards those people?
What are the attitudes toward each?

The Grapes of Wrath Chapter 8
• Language is always political
• Page 93:
– “A committee of dogs had met in the road, in honor of a bitch. Five males, shepherd mongrels, collie mongrels, dogs whose breeds had been blurred by a freedom of social life, were engaged in complimenting the bitch. For each dog sniffed daintily and then stalked to a cotton plant on stiff legs, raised a hind foot ceremoniously and wetted, then went back to smell.”
What words elevate this dog-pissing scene into a higher moment (diction)?
What is Steinbeck’s attitude toward even the lowest of dogs because of this move?
RESPECT AND DIGNITY

The Grapes of Wrath Chapter 8
• Write two scenes, both in 3 rd person. (Do as a class first)
• Scene #1: Use ghetto diction describing a ghetto scene. A man arguing with the liquor store clerk about the expensive price of his
Malt Beverage.
• Scene #2: Use elevated diction describing the same scene. Use words like:
– Exorbitant
– Audacity
– Foul
– Exploitive
– Inexcusable
– Wretched

The Grapes of Wrath Chapter 8
• Scene #1:
• Scene #2:

The Grapes of Wrath Chapter 8
• Page 100
• “Her hazel eyes seemed to have experienced all possible tragedy and to have mounted pain and suffering like steps into a high calm and a superhuman understanding. She seemed to know, to accept, to welcome her position, the
citadel of the family, the strong place that could not be taken. And since old Tom and the children could not know hurt or fear unless she acknowledged hurt and fear, she had practiced denying them in herself. And since, when a joyful thing happened, they looked to see whether joy was on her, it was her habit to build up laughter out of inadequate materials. But better than joy was calm.
Imperturbability could be depended upon. And from her great and humble position in the family she had taken dignity and a clean calm beauty…from her position as arbiter she had become as remote and faultless in judgment as a goddess. She seemed to know that if she swayed the family shook, and if she ever really deeply wavered or despaired the family would fall, the family will to function would be gone.”
• What words/phrases seem elevated, or higher diction?
• Any sentence constructions like the passive voice?
• What is the Steinbeck’s attitude towards Ma?

The Grapes of Wrath Chapter 8
• Page 105
• “His was a lean excitable face with little bright eyes as evil as a frantic child’s eyes.
A cantankerous, complaining, mischievous, laughing face. He fought and argued, told dirty jokes. He was as lecherous as always. Vicious and cruel and impatient, like a frantic child, and the whole structure overlaid with amusement.”
• What words/phrases seem elevated, or higher diction?
• This is a dirty old man. How does Steinbeck elevate DOM to more?
• What is the Steinbeck’s attitude towards Grampa? Respect? Dignity? Humor?
Condescension? Affection?
• POINT: Language conveys attitude of writer towards characters, to politics, to human condition. Be careful with your words.
• NOW: Write a description of a family member using the same elevated diction. Use vocabulary words we’ve learned.

• My sister sauntered in the room, goading animosity in a petulant way, threatening with lies toward my mother. My sister’s bleating tone was enough to drive one to be deaf and listless. But in her royal fashion, she simply lifted her chin, squinted her eyes, and provided for the world a moment of utter indifference, for her mighty pride conquered all.

• Her hands worked the dough in an imperious way, shaping the very substance of love, taking raw chaos and creating form for the rest of the family. When she took her station by the sink, the kitchen, the house, the world of the family fell in line, the order steadfast, as quiet and powerful as steel. She spoke efficiently, asking her youngest to call on the rest of the family as she poured the magma liquid over the hissing pan. When she thanked her daughter, the little girl experienced the type of total validation that the blessed receive after accomplishing god’s work: spreading the word into the darkest reaches of squalor, emerging with a word.
The mother’s work in the kitchen took the threat of the world, the brokenness of it, and transformed it into grace, putting the worthiest forms of love into each bite. This was our mother.

The Grapes of Wrath Chapter 14
• Page 206
• Alienation from displacement: Steinbeck uses an amorphous 1 st person narration, of an unspecified narrator, who shows us how displacement causes a sense of alienation. Can use this in essay.
Highlight:
• “One man, one family driven from the land; this rusty car creaking along the highway to the west. I lost my land, a single tractor took my land. I am alone and I am bewildered.”

The Grapes of Wrath Chapter 14
• Page 206
• Capitalism is assaulted by Steinbeck:
• “If you could separate causes from results, if you could know that
Paine, Marx, Jefferson, Lenin, were results, not causes, you might survive. But that you cannot know. For the quality of owning freezes you forever into ‘I,’ and cuts you off forever from the ‘we.’

The Grapes of Wrath Chapter 20
• Page 381
• “I know, Ma. I’m a-tryin’. But them deputies—Did you ever see a deputy that didn’ have a fat ass? An’ they waggle their ass an’ flop their gun aroun’. Ma,” he said, “if it was the law they was workin’ with, why, we could take it. But it ain’t the law. They’re a-workin’ away at our spirits. They’re a-tryin’ to make us cringe an’ crawl like a whipped bitch. They tryin’ to break us. Why, Jesus Christ, Ma, they comes a time when the on’y way a fella can keep his decency is by taking’ a sock at a cop. They’re workin’ on our decency.”
• How does the Joad mentality against injustice differ from the
Japanese family from When the Emperor Was Divine? (Think
Shikata Ja Nai).

The Grapes of Wrath Chapter 20
• Page 381
• Read last three paragraphs of page 381
• How is this persecution and mob mentality the same as the “Minute
Men?”
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CNBP3cU7-uI&feature=fvwrel