www.internet2.edu
Internet2:
Infraestructura y Aplicaciones
Ana Preston
Program Manager, Internet2 International
apreston@internet2.edu
JT RedIRIS 2002
Salamanca, España
23 March 2016
Outline for today’s talk
Quick Overview of Internet2
Focus Areas - highlights
Backbone Infrastructure
Applications
Conclusions / Q&A
3
Research & Education
Universities strive for qualitative and quantitative
improvements:
• In support of research
• In support of teaching and learning
how to accelerate the change in technologies and
applications on the internet to support new demands
for the research and education community?
how can new technologies be incorporated into the
existing Internet? (think back in when the Internet
started…)
•
•
•
•
Stanford -- the Internet protocols
NSFNet -- the scaled-up Internet
CERN -- the WWW protocols
University of Illinois -- the Web browser
4
Internet Development Spiral
Commercialization
Privatization
Today’s Internet
Research and
Development
Source: Ivan Moura Campos
Internet2
Partnerships
5
Internet2: Mission and Goals
Develop and deploy advanced network
applications and technologies for research
and higher education, accelerating the
creation of tomorrow’s internet.
• Enable new generation of applications
• Create leading edge R&E network capability
• Transfer technology and experience to the global
production Internet
6
Internet2 Universities
202 University Members, November 2002
7
University Leadership –
Collaborative Partnership
200+ university members with commitments from their
Presidents/Chancellors/Rectors
• 60+ corporate members
• Over 40 Affiliate Members
– Government Research Agencies
• Organization - Not for profit (not commercial) –
UCAID: University Corporation for Advanced Internet
Development. Internet2 is a UCAID project.
• Internet2 universities are recreating the partnerships that
fostered the Internet in its infancy (industry, government,
international)
– Support applications developers and users
– Provide national-scope advanced networking capabilities for
universities, research institutes
– Spread availability of new networking technology
8
Internet2 Focus Areas
Applications
Engineering
Middleware
Network Infrastructure
Partnerships
9
Internet2 Focus Areas
Advanced Network Infrastructure
Middleware
Engineering
Advanced Applications
Partnerships
10
Internet2 and the Next Generation
Internet Initiative
Internet2
University-led
Developing education and
research driven
applications
Building out campus networks,
gigaPoPs and inter-gigapop
infrastructure
NGI
Federal agency-led
Agency mission-driven
and general purpose
applications
Funding research testbeds
and agency research
networks
Interconnecting and interoperating to provide advanced
networking capabilities needed to support advanced
research and education applications
11
National Networks
Federal Backbone Networks
•
•
•
•
DREN
ESnet
NREN
SuperNet
vBNS
Abilene
• The name of Internet2’s network infrastructure
• Apr 1998: Project announced at White House
• Jan 1999: Production status for network
12
Typical Internet2 University Network
Connection
University Campus
University Campus
Internet2 Backbones
(2.4 - 10 Gbps)
155 Mbps –
2.4 Gbps
Department
100 Mbps
Lab or Classroom
155 Mbps –
2.4 Gbps
Regional Network
622 Mbps-2.4 Gbps
155 Mbps –
2.4 Gbps
University Campus
13
Abilene Network
Logical Map
14
Internet2 GigaPoPs
31 as of November 2002
15
Abilene: Partnership approach
The Abilene Network is a UCAID project done in
partnership with
• Cisco Systems (routers, switches, and access)
• Juniper Networks (routers)
• Nortel Networks (SONET kit)
• Qwest Communications (SONET & DWDM circuits,
co-location)
• Indiana University (network operations center)
• Internet2 Test & Evaluation Centers (ITECs)
– North Carolina and Ohio
16
Abilene – October, 2002
IP-over-DWDM (OC-192c) and IP-over-SONET
backbone (OC-48c)
50 direct connections (OC-3c  10-Gbps)
• 4 (soon 6) OC-48c & 1 Gig Eth connections
• 2 10-Gbps (10 Gig Eth) connections pending
– OC-192 SONET also supported
• 23 connections at OC-12c or higher
• Number of ATM connections soon down to 7
219 participants – research univs. & labs
• All 50 states, District of Columbia, & Puerto Rico
Expanded access
• 54 sponsored participants and 25 state education networks
17
Next Generation Abilene
•Partnership with Qwest extended thru 2006
•Juniper T640 routers selected for backbone
• 10/11 next generation router nodes in place; 12th location pending
– 2 racks in each location (Juniper T640 router & 4 measurement servers)
– OC-48c SONET interconnects to Cisco 12008 routers
– Very pleased to date with new router performance and interoperability
with 1st generation backbone
•10-Gbps backbone  deployment has started this Fall
• Transcontinental 10-Gbps ’s:
6 ’s connected to network
– DC-NYC-Chicago-Indy-KC-Sunnyvale CA-Los Angeles
– First  outage (3.5 hours): fiber cut in NYC
– ITEC network performance validation test: 8 Gbps of 2-way traffic (v4
and v6 mix) transmitted without loss or reordering – Sunnyvale to San
Diego
19
Next Generation Abilene – more
•Incremental, non-disruptive transition
Upgrade Schedule Overview
• Aug/Sep – New backbone routers installed
• Sep/Oct – ‘First wave’ turn-up
• Fall 2002 – Connector & peer circuits migrated to new
routers
• 2003 – Remaining 10-Gbps ’s commissioned
•Advanced service foci
– Native, high-performance IPv6
– Enhanced, differentiated measurement
– Rapid restoration for resiliency
20
Native IPv6 deployment
•Abilene is now running native IPv6 over the entire Cisco
12008 and Juniper T640 backbone
• Dual stack mode
• IS-ISv6 used for internal routing
•Significant number of peers and connectors already have
converted
•Tunnel support consolidated
• IU-NOC provides support for existing tunnels; Not accepting any new
tunnels
•Abilene provided addressing
• 2001:468::/35 from ARIN for participants – 63% allocated
• 3ffe:3700::/24 from 6bone for SEGP / sponsored users
•Native IPv6 (UCSD iGrid demo: 400 Mbps v6 SD-AMS)
•Kudos to Abilene NOC, IPv6 WG, Cisco, and Juniper
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Abilene native IPv6 peerings –
October, 2002
Connectors (12)
Peers/Exchange Points (9)
•Great Plains Network
•Indiana Gigapop
•MAX
•NYSERNet
•Oregon Gigapop
•Pittsburgh Gigapop
•SDSC
•WiscREN
•NoX
•South Florida Gigapop
•Front Range Gigapop
•ONEnet
•6TAP
•APAN/TransPAC
•CUDI
•JGNv6/WIDE
•SingAREN
•SURFNET
•vBNS+
•AMPATH
•CA*NET(3)
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More key aspects of next
generation Abilene backbone - I
Resiliency
• Moving from SONET rings to unprotected ’s is significant
• Collaboration apps demand convergence times of ~100 ms
• Faster converging IP-based IGP as ultimate solution
– v4 unicast IGP switch from OSPF to IS-IS
Differentiated measurement capabilities
• Starting w/four dedicated servers at each node
– Local data collection to capture data at times of network instability
• Enhance active probing
– Now: latency & jitter, loss, reachability (Surveyor)
– Regular TCP/UDP throughput tests – ~1 Gbps
• Separate server for E2E performance beacon
• Enhance passive measurement
– Now: SNMP (NOC) & traffic matrix/type (Netflow)
– Routing (BGP & IGP)
– Optical splitter taps on backbone links at select location(s)
23
09 January 2002
Abilene International Peering
(October 2002)
Pacific Wave
AARNET,
APAN/TransPAC†
CA*net4,
TANET2
STAR TAP/Star Light
APAN/TransPAC†, CA*net4, CERN, NAUKAnet, GEMnet,
HARNET, HEANET, KOREN/KREONET2, NORDUnet,
SURFnet, SingAREN, TAnet2
NYCM
SNVA
CA*net3,
GEANT*,
Washington
HEANET,
NORDUnet
GEMNET,Sacramento
SINET,
SingAREN,
WIDE
LOSA
Los Angeles
UNINET
OC3->OC12
San Diego (CALREN2)
CUDI
El Paso (UACJ-UT El Paso)
CUDI
AMPATH
ANSP, REUNA,
RNP2, RETINA
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•ARNES, CARNET, CESnet, DFN, GRNET, JANET, NORDUNET, RENATER, RESTENA, SWITCH, HUNGARNET, GARR-B, POL-34, RCCN, RedIRIS
•† WIDE/JGN, IMnet, CERNet, CSTnet,
Abilene international connectivity
model
Abilene is a GTRN - Global Terabit Research Network partner
• Already peering with GTRN router in New York City
Peering at major int’l EPs in U.S. encouraged
• Chicago: Star Light (migration from STAR TAP)
• Seattle: Pacific Wave
• Miami: AMPATH
• New York City: MAN LAN (GigE/10GigE switch)
10 Gig Ethernet to Star Light now and P/WAVE when ready
Direct BGP peering preferred
• via Layer-2 EP media or direct connection to Abilene router
ATM support generally ends by Sept 2003
• No new ATM peers
26
GTRN: Current Infrastructure
•DANTE-provided
router in NYC in
GTRN AS
•DANTE-provided
2.5gbps links across
Atlantic to GEANT
•Abilene providing
tunnel between New
York, (Chicago),
Seattle
•NSF-funded
StarLight will provide •Pacific Wave hosting GNAP in Seattle
GNAP
•Global NOC at Indiana University
27
NGA international update
IEEAF (Internet Educational Equal Access
Foundation) transatlantic donations –
www.ieeaf.org
• 10-Gbps  (unprotected) and OC-12c SONET links
–’s from Los Angeles to Amsterdam!
• Now links Abilene in NYC and SURFnet in Amsterdam
• Joint effort in time for iGrid2002, Amsterdam (9/2002)
• Working collaboratively to extend reach in Europe
–GEANT and GTRN
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Abilene Network objectives - 2003
Advanced Services
•
•
•
•
Multicast - high performance
IPv6 - native, high performance
Resiliency
Security
Measurement
•
•
•
Active & passive capabilities
e2e performance initiative support
Abilene Observatory: correlated data archive for network research
Experimentation and collaboration
•
•
•
•
Abilene Observatory: experiment/overlay co-location
TeraGrid interconnection (LA and Chicago)
'Lambda Grid' experimentation
International connectivity
– IEEAF collaboration (Europe, other regions?)
– MAN LAN exchange point in NYC
29
Optical networking technology
drivers
Computational science: emerging interdiscipline
• Now: Bandwidth + distributed data sensing and storage
• Increasingly distributed data collection and storage
• NSF Distributed Terascale Facility: TeraGrid Project
At end of aggressive period of fiber construction on the
national & metro scales in U.S.
• Now rapid industry contraction, capital crisises, bankruptcies
• Glut of conduit and fiber, but not of bandwidth
Many university campuses and regional GigaPoPs already
use dark fiber
• Much metro DWDM/GigE and some regional (state based)
DWDM
Optical transport is the focus with switching on horizon
30
U.S. R&E optical networking
scaling factors
11 Next Generation Abilene routers
~50 Abilene connectors
~220 Abilene participants
• Research universities & labs
But…
30-60 DWDM access nodes in leading
viable carriers’ U.S. networks
31
Regional optical fanout
In the next generation architecture, regional &
state based optical networking projects are
critical
Three-level hierarchy remains vital
• National backbone, GigaPoPs (ARNs), Campuses
Close collaboration with the GigaPoPs
• Regional Optical Networking project
U.S. carrier DWDM access is now not nearly
as widespread as with SONET circa 1998
• 30-60 cities for DWDM
• ~120 cities for SONET
32
UCAID objectives for national
fiber optical networking facility
1.
With partners, help build and operate a world-class,
national-scale optical networking facility
•
•
•
2.
Serve all of higher education
•
3.
p2p ’s
IP/optical experimentation & protocol development
Operational requirements (over time)
Coordinate closely with regional optical networking
initiatives (Quilt RONCO project)
Focus on optical transport initially
Continue to examine prospects for a national fiber optical
networking facility with key partners
34
More information on Abilene
www.internet2.edu/abilene
Contact:
Steve Corbató corbato@internet2.edu
Director, Backbone Network
Infrastructure
35
Internet2 Focus Areas
Advanced Network Infrastructure
Middleware
Engineering
Advanced Applications
Partnerships
36
Internet2 Middleware Initiative –
middleware.internet2.edu
Middleware: A layer of software between the network and the
applications
•Middleware Architecture Committee for Education
•Early Harvest and Early Adopters
•Internet2 PKI Labs
•Shibboleth (authentication)
•Computational middleware (Beta Grid)
•Medical middleware
•Directories
37
Internet2 Focus Areas
Advanced Network Infrastructure
Middleware
Engineering
Advanced Applications
Partnerships
38
Engineering Working Groups
End to End Performance
Technologies
• IPv6
• Measurement
• Multicast
• Quality of Service
• Routing
• Security
• Topology
http://www.internet2.edu/html/working-groups.html
39
End-to-End Performance Initiative
http://e2epi.internet2.edu/index.shtml
To enable the researchers, faculty, students and staff who
use high performance networks to obtain optimal
performance from the current infrastructure on a consistent
Applications
Raw Connectivity
basis.
Performance
•True End-to-End Performance requires a system approach
user perception, OS, Host IP stack, Host network card, …LAN, Campus,
regional network/GigaPoP, link to I2 national backbones….all the way to
International connections!
•E2E piPEline: Performance Environment System:
•To allow end-users and network operators to determine performance
capabilities, locate problems, and contact the right person to get a
problem resolved using a collaborative approach.
40
Internet2 Focus Areas
Advanced Network Infrastructure
Middleware
Engineering
Advanced Applications
Partnerships
41
The new science: e-science
Science used to about test tubes, wet labs and big
instruments
But increasingly science is moving to networks and
computers; Applications that harness the power of the
network at the edges
Science is more global and distributed
folding@home
Arecibo Radio Telescope
SETI@home
•A virtual supercomputer
• running on 500,000+PCs,
~1000 CPU years p/day
http://www.stanford.edu/group/pandegroup/Cosm/
• over half a million CPU years so far
http://members.ud.com/vypc/cancer/
•22 teraflops sustained 24x7
42
Virtual Observatory
www.voforum.org
Discovery process will
rely on advanced
visualization and data
mining tools
Not tied to a single brick
and mortar location
Will cross correlate
existing multi-spectral
databases petabytes
in size
No new telescopes or radio dishes.
Just big networks interconnecting
large database
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Attributes of Advanced Apps
Provide qualitative and quantitative
improvements in how we conduct
research and engage in teaching
and learning
Common attributes:
• Remote instrumentation and interactive
collaboration
• Distributed data storage and data
mining
• Large-scale, multi-site computation
• Real-time access to remote resources
• Dynamic data visualization
• Shared virtual reality
• Tele-immersion
• Digital Libraries, virtual labs, etc…
• …..
44
Internet2 approach:
Applications Working Groups
• Health Sciences
• Veterinary Medicine
• Arts & Humanities
• Non-trad’l Theses
• Arts Performance
• High Energy and
Nuclear Physics
• GIS
• …
•Remote
Instrumentation
•Voice over IP
•Digital Video
•Videoconferencing
•ResearchChannel
•Network Storage
•…
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Sciences and Engineering highlights
– apps.internet2.edu
NEES: Network for Earthquake Engineering Simulation
• Earthquake research using real buildings and computer simulations
• Remote control of physical experiments requires extremely reliable
and consistent network characteristics
• Video will be crucial: both for conferencing and data collection
HENP-WG: High Energy and Nuclear Physics Working Group
• Terabytes of data (1,000,000,000,000 or 1x1012) per experiment from
CERN (Switzerland).
• bulk data transfers that are extremely resistant to data loss. Work on
several protocols that take advantage of parallel streams and good
neighbor practices (passive QOS).
Astronomy: eVLBI - Electronic Very Long Baseline Interferometry
Remote-WG: Cross Disciplinary Remote Instrumentation Working
Group
46
Remote Instrumentation and Data
Analysis
Large scientific projects increasingly draw on resources from
many countries.
Scientists can use high-performance networks for remote
instrument control and to pool computing resources for data
analysis, improving ease of use and lowering costs.
The Gemini Observatory – Twin Telescopes
An international
collaboration (US,
Australia, U.K.,
Canada, Chile,
Argentina, Brazil)
Mauna Kea, Hawai’i, USA
Cerro Pachon, Chile
NSF funds US
participation
47
VLBI - Very Long Baseline
Interferometry
Astronomers collect data about a star
from many different earth based
antennae and send the data to a
specialized computer for analysis
on a 24x7 basis.
VLBI is not as concerned with data
loss as they are with long term
stability.
The end goal is to send data at
1Gb/s from over 20 antennae that
are located around the globe.
Interesting:
Successfully ran 788 Mbps
sustained test between
sites in U.S. Working on
prototype experiment to test
their ability to run data to
Europe and Japan.
48
Health Sciences
http://www.internet2.edu/health/
3D Brain Map
•
•
•
•
Visualization of data: real-time MRI, previously
stored data, etc.
Computational information transferred to
supercomputers and used to understand brain
functions in real time
Very large multi-dimensional, multi-modal, timevarying data sets
University of Pittsburgh,
Pittsburgh Supercomputing Center
Biomedical Informatics Research Network (BIRN)
•
•
•
•
Extremely large data sets and repositories
Dynamically generate 3D visualizations from
medical records
Generating 36Gbytes/day, so new models for
search, retrieval and analysis will be necessary
http://birn.ncrr.nih.gov/and http://www.nbirn.net/
50
Digital Video – Distance Ed
Tele-presence environments
•Real-time interactions with very high
quality audio and MPEG-2 video
• as needed “meetings” connecting
faculty and staff across the ocean
Plain and Simple:
Language/cultural
Exchanges
• CCIU World Tour/Univ. of
Pennsylvania
•Learning foreign languages through
cultural exchanges and problem
51
based experiential learning
Arts and Humanities
University of Oklahoma Master
Classes
• High fidelity video and audio via
MPEG2
• Optimized latency, audio/video
synchronization
• Connecting Oklahoma with the New
World Symphony in Miami, Florida
Zuckerman Interactive
A collaboration with:
• Manhattan School of Music
• Columbia University
• National Arts Centre of Canada
• National Research Council of Canada
52
Photo by R. Andrew Lepley
Other Collaborative
Technologies
Others
MPEG2
AG
VRVS
H.323
Others
Collaboratories
Peer to Peer
Electronic Notebooks
Voice/IP
• Enabling one-to-one, oneto-group, and group-to-group
collaboration
• Supporting personal
communications, meetings,
conferences, and teaching
and learning
• Share best practices
• Guide to implementations
• facilitate development &
deployment of projects
Instant Messaging
An effort to encourage and
support large-scale, distributed
collaboration for R&E
Data Sharing
The Internet2 Commons
Videoconferencing
Technologies
The Internet2 Commons
• For Internet2 members and
their international partners
• commons.internet2.edu
53
Internet2 Focus Areas
Advanced Network Infrastructure
Middleware
Engineering
Advanced Applications
Partnerships
54
Partnerships:
Internet2 International
Strategic importance to Internet2
Ensure global interoperability
• of the next generation of Internet technologies and applications
Enable global collaboration
• in research and education providing/promoting the development
of an advanced networking environment internationally
Build effective partnerships in other countries
With organizations of similar goals/objectives and
similar constituencies
Mechanism: Memoranda of Understanding
55
International MoU Partners
Europe-Middle East
ARNES (Slovenia)
BELNET (Belgium)
CARNET (Croatia)
CESnet (Czech Republic)
DANTE (Europe)
DFN-Verein (Germany)
GIP RENATER (France)
GRNET (Greece)
HEAnet (Ireland)
HUNGARNET (Hungary)
INFN-GARR (Italy)
Israel-IUCC (Israel)
NORDUnet (Nordic Countries)
POL-34 (Poland)
RCST (Portugal)
RedIRIS (Spain)
RESTENA (Luxembourg)
SANET (Slovakia)
Stichting SURF (Netherlands)
SWITCH (Switzerland)
TERENA (Europe)
JISC, UKERNA (United Kingdom)
Asia-Pacific
AAIREP (Australia)
APAN (Asia-Pacific)
APAN-KR (Korea)
APRU (Asia-Pacific)
CERNET, CSTNET, NSFCNET (China)
JAIRC (Japan)
JUCC (Hong Kong)
NECTEC / UNINET (Thailand)
SingAREN (Singapore)
TAnet2 (Taiwan)
Americas
CANARIE (Canada)
CEDIA (Ecuador)
CRNET (Costa Rica)
CNTI (Venezuela)
CUDI (Mexico)
REUNA (Chile)
RETINA (Argentina)
RNP2/ANSP (Brazil)
SENACYT (Panama)
57
MoU Partners
Newest Internet2 MoU Partners:
Ecuador (CEDIA), Slovakia (SANET), Venezuela (CNTI)
In discussion
America:
• Uruguay, Colombia
• Peru, Nicaragua, Guatemala, Cuba
•Europe:
• Russia
Africa:
• South Africa
Asia:
• Malaysia, India
58
Resources – more information
On the Web
• www.internet2.edu
• apps.internet2.edu
• www.internet2.edu/abilene
Email
• info@internet2.edu
Contact us!
Ana Preston apreston@internet2.edu
59
Conclusion
Leading-edge, high-performance
network infrastructure is being put in
place to support science, research,
teaching and learning in countries
around the world
As a global community, we need to
work even more closely together to
ensure support for global applications on
an end to end basis
60
¡ GRACIAS !
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www.internet2.edu