Stage 11
Nouns
gēns, gentis, f.
mūrus, murī, m.
pugna, pugnae, f.
senātor, senātōris, m.
vir, virī, m.
Verbs
conveniō, convenīre, convēnī, conventum
crēdo, crēdere, crēdidī, crēditum (+ dative)
faveō, favēre, fāvī, fautum (+ dative)
invīto, invītāre, invītāvī, invītātum
legō, legere, lēgī, lectum
placeō, placēre, placuī, placitum (+ dative)
promittō, promittere, promīsī, promissum
rapiō, rapere, rapuī, raptum
verberō, verberāre, verberāvī, verberātum
valeō, valēre, valuī
Adjectives
noster, nostra, nostrum
vester, vestra, vestrum
prīmus, -a, -um
secundus, -a, -um
tertius, -a, -um
quartus, -a, -um
quīntus, -a, -um
līberālis, liberāle
sollicitus, -a, -um
stultus, -a, -um
ūtilis, ūtile
Miscellaneous
dē (with ablative)
minimē!
nunc
valē
Meaning
Derivative?
STAGE 11 candidati, picture story pages 182-183
1. cīvēs in forō candidātōs spectant.
2. agricolae clāmant: <<nōs candidātum optimum habēmus.
candidātus noster est Lūcius.
nōs Luciō favēmus.>>
3. mercātōrēs agricolīs respondent: <<nōs candidātum optimum habēmus.
candidātus noster est mercātor. nōs mercātōrī favēmus.>>
4. pistōrēs in forō clāmant: <<nōs pistōrēs candidātum optimum habēmus.
candidātus noster est pistor. nōs pistōrī crēdimus.>>
5. iuvenēs pistōribus respondent: <nōs iuvenēs candidātum optimum habēmus
candidātus noster est athlēta. nōs athlētae crēdimus.>>
6. fūrēs clāmant: <<nōs quoque candidātum habēmus.
candidātus noster est fur.
nōs noster candidatō nostrō nōn crēdimus, sed favēmus.>>
GRAMMAR, Noun cases. New Use for the Dative
p. 186
We have a new use for one of the noun cases.
Look at these sentences. Which noun is Nom? Dat? Acc?
Mercātor Metellae togam trādidit.
Grūmiō hospitibus cēnam parābat.
Look at these sentences: What is the case of agricolīs? Holcōniō? Pistōrī?
Mercātōrēs agricolīs respondet.
Quārtus Holcōniō favet.
Nōs pistōrī crēdimus.
In the sentences above, underline every noun in the dative case.
SUMMARY OF NOUN CASES
Nominative:
Genitive:
Dative:
*subject of the sentence and predicate nominative
*possessive
*indirect object; person or thing to or for whom/which something is done
 Objects of certain special verbs, such as:
faveō (favor/give favor to)
Credō (trust/give trust to)
Placeō (pleases/be pleasing to)
Accusative:
*direct object of the verb;
*objects of some prepositions, such “in” when it means into or onto;
Ad (to); prope (near); per (through); post (after)
Ablative: *objects of some prepositions, including “in” when it means in or on
*cum (means with); ē/ex (means out of)
*Instrument or means (without a preposition)
Vocative: * Direct address
Singular
forms
1st
Fem/Masc
2nd
Masc
2nd
Neut
3rd
Masc/Fem
3rd
Neut
Nominative
Genitive
Dative
Accusative
.
Ablative
Vocative
Plural
forms
Nominative
Genitive
Dative
Accusative
Ablative
Vocative
1st
Fem/Masc
2nd
Masc
2nd
Neut
3rd
Masc/Fem
3rd
Neut
Marcus et Quartus page 184
Marcus Tullius et Quārtus Tullius erant frātrēs. Marcus et Quārtus in vīllā contentiōnem habēbant.
Marcus Quārtō dīxit,
<<Afer candidātus optimus est. Afer multās vīllās et multās tabernās habet.
Pompēiānī Afrō favent, quod vir dīvēs est.>>
<<minimē! Holcōnius candidātus optimus est,>> Quārtus frātrī respondit.
<<Holcōnius est vir nobilis. Pompēiānī Holcōniō crēdunt, quod pater senātor erat.>>
Quārtus quod erat īrātissimus ē vīllā discessit.
Quārtus sibi dīxit, <<frāter meus est stultissimus. gēns nostra Holcōniō semper favet.>>
Quārtus per viam ambulābat et rem cōgitābat.
subitō parvam tabernam cōnspexit ubi scrīptor habitābat. scrīptor Sulla erat.
Quārtus, postquam tabernam vīdit, cōnsilium cēpit. tabernam intrāvit et Sullam ad vīllam suam invītāvit.
Postquam, ad vīllam vēnērunt, Quārtus Sullae mūrum ostendit.
<<scribe hunc titulum!>> inquit. <<scribe: 'Quārtus et frāter Holcōniō favent.
Quārtus et frāter Holcōniō crēdunt'!>>
Quārtus scrīptōrī decem dēnāriōs dedit.
<<placetne tibi?>> rogāvit Quartus.
<<mihi placet,>> Sulla Quartō respondit.
Sulla, postquam denāriōs accēpit, titulum in mūrō scrīpsit.
Vir dives: rich man
Vir nōbilis: a nobleman
Sibi: to himself
Cōnsilium cēpit: had an idea (“took a plan”)
Mūrus, -ī: wall
Scribe!: write! (imperative)
Titulum, -ī: notice, slogan
Placetne tibi? does it please you?
GRAMMAR:
Look at the verb: Scrībe!- Write! This verb is the imperative form of: scrībō, scriber, scrīpsī, scrīptum
An imperative gives a command. This is how you make the imperative from the infinitive:
1st conjugation
2nd conjugation
3rd conjugation
4th conjugation
INFINITIVE
ambulāre-to walk sedēre-to sit
currere-to run
dormīre-to sleep
IMPERATIVE (sing) ambulā!-sleep!
Sedē!
-sit!
Curre!-run!
Dormī!-sleep!
IMPERATIVE (pl) ambulāte!-sleep
sedēte !-sit!
currite!-run!
Dormīte-sleep
RULE; To make the imperative singular, take the –re off the infinitive. To make the imperative plural, add –te to the imperative singular,
except the 3rd conjugation imperative plural ending is –ite (rather than ete).
Sulla page 185
Marcus ē vīllā vēnit. Sullam vīdit. titulum cōnspēxit.
Postquam, titulum lēgit, īrātus erat. Marcus scriptōrem valdē vituperāvit.
<<frāter tuus mē ad vīllam invītāvit>> inquit Sulla. <<frāter tuus mihi decem dēnāriōs dedit.>>
<<frāter meus est stultior quam asinus>>> Marcus Sullae respondit.
<<in vīllā nostrā ego sum dominus, quod sum senior. Sulla, ērāde illam inscrīptiōnem! scrībe titulum novum!>>
Marcus Sullae quīndecim dēnāriōs dedit.
<<placetne tibi?>> rogāvit. <<mihi placet, >> Sulla Marcō respondit.
Sulla, postquam inscrīptiōnem ērāsit, hunc titulum scrīpsit:
'Marcus et frāter Afrō favent. Marcus et frāter Afrō crēdunt.'
Marcus erat laetissimus et frātrem ē villā vocāvit. Marcus frātrī titulum novum ostendit.
Quārtus postquam titulum lēgit, īrātus erat. Quārtus Marcum pulsāvit. tum frātrēs in viā pugnābant.
<<Marce, Quārte, dēsistite! intrō īte! >> clāmāvit Sulla.
<<consilium optimum habeō.>>
postquam frātrēs vīllam intrāvērunt, Sulla celeriter rem cōnfēcit. duōs titulōs in mūrō scrīpsit.
tum frātrēs ē vīllā vocāvit. scrīptor frātribus mūrum ostendit. ecce! Marcus hunc titulum vīdit:
<<Marcus Afrō favet. Afer est candidātus optimus. >>
<<euge! hic titulus mē valdē delectat, >> inquit Marcus.
Quārtus alterum titulum in murō cōnspēxit: <<Quārtus Holconiō favet. Holcōnius est candidātus optimus. >>
Quārtus quoque laetissimus erat.
frātrēs Sullae trīgintā dēnārios dedērunt.
Sulla rīdēbat. postquam Marcus et Quātus discessēunt, tertium titulum addidit: Marcus et Quātus sunt liberalissimī'
Asinus, -ī: ass
Senior: elder
Ērāde!: erase!
Dēsistite!: stop!
Īte!: go!
Rem cōnfēcit: finished the job (thing)
Tertium (third
Addidit: added
Līberālissimus, -ī: very generous
GRAMMAR:
Look at these names: “Marce, Quarte, dēsiste!” These names are in the vocative case.
The vocative case is the case you use when you are directly addressing someone. Usually the nouns are names, but
not always. The vocative case has the same ending as the nominative, except in the 2nd declension singular:
-us becomes -e
-ius becomes -ī
Lucius Spurius Pomponianus pages 188-190
in vīllā
Grumiō ē culīnā contendit. Clēmēns Grumiōnem videt.
Clēmēns: babae! togam splendidam geris.
Grumio: placetne tibi?
Cl:
mihi placet.
quō festīnās, Grumiō?
Gr:
ad amphitheātrum contendō.
Afer fautārēs exspectat.
Cl:
num tū Afrō favēs?
Gr:
Afer fautōribus quīnque dēnāriōs prōmīsit.
Caecilius Holconiō favet.
Holcōnius fautōribus duōs dēnāriōs tantum promīsit.
ego Afrō faveō quod vir līberālis est.
Cl:
sed tū servus es. cīvis Pompēiānus nōn es.
Afer cīvibus Pompēiānīs pecūniam prōmīsit.
Gr:
Clēmēns, hodiē nōn sum Grumiō. hodiē sum Lūcius Spurius Pompōniānus.
Cl:
Lūcius Spurius Pompōniānus! mendācissimus coquus es.
Gr:
minimē! hodiē sum pistor Pompēiānus. hodiē nōs pistōrēs ad amphitheātrum convenīmus.
nōs Afrum ad forum dūcimus ubi cīvēs ōrātiōnēs exspectant.
ego ad amphitheātrum contendō. tūne mēcum venīs?
Cl:
tēcum veniō. Afrō nōn faveō.
dēnāriōs nōn cupiō, sed dē tē sollicitus sum. rem perīculōsam suscipis. (exeunt.)
babae!: hey!
Quō: where?
Fautōrēs: supporters
Quīnque: five
Prōmīsit: promised
Tantum: only
Mendācissimus: very deceitful
Convenīmus: father
Orations speeches
Mecum : with me
Dē tē: about you
Perīculōsam dangerous
Suscipis: you are undertaking
Exeunt: they go out
prope amphitheatrum page 189
multī pistōrēs ad amphitheātrum conveniunt. Grumiō et Clēmēns ad hanc turbam festīnant.
divisor: festināte, festināte!
nōs Afrum exspectāmus.
Grumiō: salvē, dīvīsor! ego sum Lūcius Spurius Pompōniānus
et hic (Grumiō Clementem pulsat) servus meus est. ego et Afer amīcissimī sumus.
div:
ecce quīnque dēnāriī! (dīvīsor Grumiōnī dēnāriōs dat. Dīvīsor Grumiōnī fūstem quoque trādidit.)
Gr:
Afer mihi dēnāriōs, nōn fūstem prōmīsit.
Clemens: Afer vir līberālis est.
Gr:
tacē, pessimē serve!
div:
fūstēs ūtilissimī sunt. Holcōnius et amīcī sunt in forō.
pistor: ecce Afer! Afer adest.
(Afer et fautōrēs per viās ad forum contendunt.)
Divisor: agent
Festinate! Hurry
Amīcissimus, -ī: very friendly
Tacē: be quiet, shut up
Ūtilissimī: very useful
in foro page 189
pistōrēs cum Clēente et cum Grumiōne Afrum ad forum dūcunt.
pistor primus:
Pompēiānī Afro favent.
pistor secundus:
Afer est melior quam Holconius.
pistor tertius:
nōs Afro crēdimus.
Clemens: Grumiō, in forō sunt Holconius et amīcī! Holconium et amicōs videō.
Gr:
euge! fēminās videō, ancillās videō, puellās ...
. . . eheu! Caecilium videō.
Caecilius cum Holconiō stat. ad villam reveniō!
Cl:
Grumio, manē!
(Grumiō fugit.)
mercator primus:
Holconius est vir nobilis.
mercator secundus:
Holconius melior est quam Afer.
mercator tertius:
nōs mercatōrēs Holconiō favēmus. (pistōrēs et mercātōrēs convenient. Īrātī sunt.)
pistor primus:
Holconius est asīnus. vōs quoque estis asinī quod Holoconio crēditis.
merc. prim:
Afer est caudex. vōs quoque estis caudicēs quod Afro creditis.
pistor secundus:
amīcī! mercatōrēs nōs <<caudicēs>> vocant.
nōs nōn sumus caudicēs. fortissimī sumus. fustēs habēmus.
(mercātōrēs et pistōrēs in forō pugnant.)
Caudex: blockhead, idiot, any negative thing you want to call someone
in culina page 190
Clēmēns in culīna sedet. Grumiō intrat.
Clemens:
salvē, Pomponiane!
hercle! toga tua scissa est.
Grumio:
eheu! Holconius et amīcī in forō mē cēpērunt.
postquam fustem meum conspexērunt, clamābant <<ecce pistor fortis!>>
tum mercatārēs mē verberāvērunt.
denāriōs meōs rapuērunt.
nunc nullōs denāriōs habeō.
Cl:
ego decem denāriōs habeō.
Gr:
decem denarios?
Cl:
Caecilius mihi decem denāriōs dedit quod servus fidēlis sum.
postquam pistorēs et mercatorēs pugnam commisērunt Caecilius mē conspexit.
duo pistorēs Caecilium verberābant.
dominus noster auxilium postulābat.
Caecilius mēcum ē forō effugit. dominus noster decem denarios dedit quod liberālis est.
Gr:
Caecilius est ...
Cl:
valē, Pomponiane!
Gr:
quō festinās, Clemens?
Cl:
ad portum festinā. ibi Poppaea mē exspectat.
Gr:
mihi nōn placet.
Scissa: torn
Rapuērunt: seized
placetne tibi?
Auxilium: help
Effūgit: escaped
GRAMMAR:
SUMMARY OF VERB TENSE ENDINGS
“I __”
“I was ___ing” /
“I used to ___”
Present
Imperfect
1st –Iō
bam
nd
2 – yous
bās
rd
3 – he/she/it t
bat
st
1 –we
mus
bāmus
nd
2 –y’all
tis
bātis
rd
3 – they
nt
bant
: 1st conjugation
INFINITIVE
-āre
IMPERATIVE (sing) -ā
IMPERATIVE (pl)
-āte
2nd conjugation
-ēre
-ē
-ēte
“I ___ed”
“I have ___ed”
Perfect(perfect stem+)
ī
istī
it
imus
istis
ērunt
3rd conjugation
-ere
-e
-ite
“I will ___”
Fut(1&2) Fut(3&4)
bō
am
bis
ēs
bit
et
bimus ēmus
bitis
ētis
bunt
ent
4th conjugation
īre
-ī
-īte
GRAMMAR: Vocative Nouns
Look at these names: “Marce, Quarte, dēsiste!” These names are in the vocative case.
The vocative case is the case you use when you are directly addressing someone. Usually the
nouns are names, but not always. The vocative case has the same ending as the nominative,
except in the 2nd declension singular:
-us becomes -e
-ius becomes -ī
Grammar: Questions
These are ways of asking a question in Latin
1) By means of a question word:
Quis? –Who? (singular)
Quem? – whom? (singular)
Quid? – What? (neuter singular)
Ubi? – Where?
Cūr? -Why?
Quōmodo? – How?
2) By tone of voice, indicated in writing by a question mark?
Tū pecūniam dēbēs? Do you owe money?
3) By adding –ne to the first word of the sentence.
4) By means o the question word num. num is used tosuggest that the answer to the question will be
no. Examples: nūm Quīntus timet? Surely quinis not afraid. / Quintus is not afraid, is he?
Classwork/Homework: Nomen____________________
Puer, -ī: boy 2nd declension
Write in Latin
Give the case of boy/boys
1. The boy is stupid. __ ____________
____
2. The boy’s brother is stupid ___ ________
____
3. I trust (crēdō) the boy _ __________________
____
4. I gave (dedī) money (pecuniam) to the boy. _. _______
____
5. I see (videō) the boy. _______________________
____
6. I heard (audīvī) a story (fabulam) about (dē) the boy. ________________ ____
7. The boys are stupid._ _______________________
____
8. The brothers of the boys are stupid. _____________________
____
9. I trust the boys_ ______________________________
____
10. I see the boys__. ______________________________
____
11. I heard a story about the boys__ ____________________________
____
Puella, -ae: girl, 1st declension.
Write in Latin
Give the case of girl/girls
1. I seized (rapuī) the girl. _______________
____
2. The girl is stupid. _ ___________________
____
3. I see the girls. __ ______________
____
4. I heard a story about the girls. ___________
____
5. The girl’s mother is stupid. __________________
____
6. I favor (faveō) the girl. _____________________
____
7. I gave money to the girls. _ ___________________
____
8. They beat (verberāvērunt) the girls._ _______________
____
9. The girls please (placent) you. ___________________
____
10. She lived (habitāvit) with the girls. ____________________
____
11. She lived with the girl. ____________________________
____
Canis, canis: dog 3rd declension
Writ in Latin
Give the case of dog/dogs
1. I see the dog. ____________________________
____
2. The girl lived with the dog.____________ _______
____
3. The dog lives with the girls. _____________________
____
4. I am a dog. ______________________
____
5. The boys please the dog._______________________
____
6. The girl told (narrāvit) a story about the dogs. _____________________ ____
7. I trust the dog. ____________________________________
____
8. I seized the dogs. _______________________________
____
9. I gave money to the dogs. ____________________________
____
10. The dogs see the girl. ____________________________________
____
CLASSWORK/HOMEWORK
NOMEN
An imperative gives a command. This is how you make the imperative from the infinitive:
Ambulō, ambulāre, ambulāvī
1st conjugation
INFINITIVE
ambulāre-to walk
IMPERATIVE (sing) ambulā!-walk !
IMPERATIVE (pl)
ambulāte!-walk
2nd conjugation
sedēre-to sit
Sedē! -sit!
sedēte !-sit!
3rd conjugation
currere-to run
Curre!-run!
currite!-run!
4th conjugation
dormīre-to sleep
Dormī!-sleep!
Dormīte-sleep
RULE; To make the imperative singular, take the –re off the infinitive
To make the imperative plural, add –te to the imperative singular, except the 3rd conjugation
imperative plural ending is –ite (rather than ete).
Look at these verbs. Tell which conjugation each belongs to.
conveniō, convenīre, convēnī, conventum: gather
crēdo, crēdere, crēdidī, crēditum (+ dative): believe, trust
faveō, favēre, fāvī, fautum (+ dative): favor
invītō, invītāre, invītāvī, invītātum: invite
legō, legere, lēgī, lectum: read
placeō, placēre, placuī, placitum (+ dative): please, be pleasing to
promittō, promittere, promīsī, promissum: promise
rapiō, rapere, rapuī, raptum: seize
verberō, verberāre, verberāvī, verberātum: beat
valeō, valēre, valuī: be well/strong
Give the imperative, singular and plural
SINGULAR
PLURAL
1. Gather!
___________
_________________
2. Believe!
_______________
_________________
3. Favor!
_______________
_________________
4. Invite!
_______________
__________________
5. Read!
_______________
__________________
6. Please!
_______________
__________________
7. Promise!
_______________
__________________
8. Seize!
_______________
__________________
9. Beat!
_______________
__________________
10. Be well (farewell) _______________ __________________
CLASSWORK/Homework: Nomen___________________
Look at these names: “Marce, Quarte, dēsiste!” These names are in the vocative case.
The vocative case is the case you use when you are directly addressing someone. Usually the nouns are
names, but not always. The vocative case has the same ending as the nominative, except in the 2nd
declension singular:
-us becomes –e “Salvē, Marce.”
-ius becomes –ī “Salvē, Julī.”
Give the vocative of the following. This is the form you would use if you were saying “Hey ___”
Clēmēns
_____________________
Grumiō
_____________________
Quintus
_____________________
Caecilius
_____________________
Metella
___________________
Pompōnianus
____________________
Marcus
___________________
Julius
___________________
Puellae
___________________
Puerī
_____________________
Quārtus
____________________
Sulla
_____________________
Lūcius
____________________
Holōnius
____________________
Āfer
_____________________
Write in Latin:
Sit, Grumiō!_________________________________________
Stand, girls! ________________________________
Farewell, Marcus! _____________________________________
Hello,Julius! ________________________________________
Run, boys! __________________________________________
Please me, Metella! __________________________________
Trust me, Senators! (Senātor, senātōris- m-3rd declension) ____________
Give me money, Caecilius! _____________________________________
Write me a letter, girls! __________________________________________
Read the letter, Quintus!_______________________________________
Beat the merchant, Melissa! _____________________________
HOMEWORK Nomen________________________________
These are ways of asking a question in Latin
1) By means of a question word:
Quis? –Who? (singular)
Quem? – whom? (singular)
Quid? – What? (neuter singular)
Ubi? – Where?
Cūr? -Why?
Quōmodo? – How?
2) By tone of voice, indicated in writing by a question mark?
pecūniam dēbēs? Do you owe money?
3) By adding –ne to the first word of the sentence.
4) By means of the question word num. num is used to suggest that the answer to the question
will be no. Examples: nūm Quīntus timet? Surely Quintus is not afraid? / Quintus is not afraid,
is he?
Who is beating Caecilius? Quis Caecilium verberat?
Whom is Caecilius beating? Quem Caecilius verberat?
TRANSLATE:
`1. Cūr tū in hortō labōrās?
2. quis est athlēta ille?
3. Discumne habēs?
4. vōsne estis īrāti?
5. ubi sunt mercātōrēs?
6. Quid quaeris, domina?
7. tūne Pompēiānus es?
8. quis vīnum portat?
9. cēnamne parās?
10. Num cēnam parās?
Write in Latin:
1. Who are you? __________
2. Who am I? ___________________
3. Where are they? ____________________
4. To whom did you give the money?__________________________________________
(money-pecunia, -ae) (give: dō, dare, dedī, datum) (cui-to whom-dative
5. What did y’all do? _______________________(do-agō, agere, ēgī, actum)
6. Where do they live? ______________________(live-habitō, -āre, -āvī, -ātum)
7. Is she a Roman? _____________________ (Rōmānus, -a, -um)
8. Are Quintus and Caecilius in the villa? _____________________________.
9. Do you live here? _________________________________________________ (here-hīc)
10. You don’t live here, do you?__________________________________________.
CLASSWORK?HOMEWORK: Nomen_______________________________
SUMMARY OF VERB TENSE ENDINGS
“I __”
“I was ___ing” /
“I used to ___”
Present
Imperfect
1st –Iō
bam
2nd – yous
bās
rd
3 – he/she/it t
bat
1st –we
mus
bāmus
2nd –y’all
tis
bātis
3rd – they
nt
bant
INFINITIVE
IMPERATIVE (sing)
IMPERATIVE (pl)
: 1st conjugation
-āre
-ā
-āte
“I ___ed”
“I have ___ed”
Perfect(perfect stem+)
ī
istī
it
imus
istis
ērunt
2nd conjugation
-ēre
-ē
-ēte
3rd conjugation
-ere
-e
-ite
“I will ___”
Fut(1&2) Fut(3&4)
bō
am
bis
ēs
bit
et
bimus
ēmus
bitis
ētis
bunt
ent
4th conjugation
īre
-ī
-īte
Legō, legere, lēgī
Amō, amāre, amāvī
Dō, dare, dedī
Veniō, venire, vēnī
Dūcō, dūcere, dūxī
TRANSLATE. Tell the tense of each verb: present, imperfect, perfect, infinitive, imperative,
singular or plural
TRANSLATION
VERB TENSE
1. Vōs verberāre volō (I want).
2. Verberā mē!
3. Verberās Marcum.
4. Marcum verberābāmus
5. Marcum verberāvimus.
6. Mihi placēs.
7. Mihi placēte!
8. Vōbīs placuī.
9. Nōbīs placēbātis.
10. Necesse est Marcō placēre.
11. Librum legēbant.
12. Librum lēgērunt.
13. Librum legit.
14. Librum legite.
Write in Latin
Crēdō, crēdere, crēdidī, crēditum + Dat: trust, believe
1. I want to trust you (sing)! __________________________
2. Trust me! (singular)______________________________
3. Trust mē! (plural) _______________________________
4. They believe Marcus. ___________________________
5. They used to believe Marcus. (use imperfect)____________________________
6. They believed Marcus (use perfect). ______________________________
PRACTICING THE LANGUAGE p.193
A. Write in Latin
1.
Write in English
_____________________________
______________________________
2. _____________________________
______________________________
3. _____________________________
______________________________
4. ______________________________
______________________________
5. _____________________________
______________________________
6. _____________________________
______________________________
7. _____________________________
______________________________
8. _____________________________
______________________________
B.
1.
_________________________________
______________________________
2. _________________________________
______________________________
3. _________________________________
______________________________
4. _________________________________
______________________________
5. _________________________________
______________________________
6. _________________________________
______________________________
7. _________________________________
______________________________
8. _________________________________
______________________________
C.
1.
__________________________________
_______________________________
2. ___________________________________
_______________________________
3. __________________________________
_______________________________
4. ___________________________________
_______________________________
5. ___________________________________
_______________________________
6. ___________________________________
_______________________________
7. ___________________________________
_______________________________
8. ___________________________________
_______________________________
WORD STUDY, p. 199
A. Match each word to its definition and give the Latin word that the English word comes from
1.
_______________
5. ________________
2. _______________
6. ________________
3. _______________
7. ________________
4. ________________
8. _______________
1.
_______________
5. ________________
2. _______________
6. ________________
3. _______________
7. ________________
4. ________________
8. _______________
READ the CULTURE pages. 194-197
1, Where slogans written?
2. What was the term for supporters
3. What was the term for the two officials responsible for holding court trials?
What two Latin words are contained in this term?
4. What were duties of the aedīlēs?
5. How many men were on the town council?
6. What did a candidate wear?
7. What does the candidātus mean?
8. What did clients of the candidates often do to help get votes?
9. How did the tradition of public service by wealthy Romans contribute to Roman life?
10. How was a man compensated (paid) for his public service?
11. What happened in 59AD in Pompeii?
12. What happened in 60AD? Who was emperor at that time?
13. What groups of people were likely to be supporters of a candidate?
14. Consider the slogans on pp. 196-197. Which one is sarcastic?
15. Could women vote?
16. What was the comitium?
.