Fungus Picture Notes
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Section:
Concept Map
Section 21-2
Fungi
are divided into the phyla
Zygomycota
Ascomycota
Basidiomycota
Deuteromycota
includes
includes
includes
includes
Common
molds
Sac fungi
Club
fungi
Imperfect
fungi
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Section:
B
D
C
E
A
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Section:
Rhizoid: rootlike hypha that penetrates the surface of an
object
Sporangium: structure that contains spores
Sporangiophore: specialized hyphae where sporangia are
found
Spores: haploid reproductive cell
Stolon: a stem like hypha that runs along the surface of
an object
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Section:
Figure 21-5 The Life Cycle of Rhizopus
Section 21-2
Zygospore
(2N)
FERTILIZATION
Sporangium
Gametangia
MEIOSIS
Sporangium
Spores
(N)
Zygospore (2N)
Spores (N)
Stolons
+ Mating type (N)
- Mating type (N)
Sporangiophore
Asexual
Reproduction
Rhizoids
Sexual Reproduction
Diploid
Haploid
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Section:
Sac Fungi- Yeast
bud
cell wall
nucleus
cytoplasm
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Section:
vacuole
Ascomycota (Sac Fungi) Structures
Bud: reproductive product after yeast cells undergo budding
Cell Wall: protective structure surrounding yeast cell
Cytoplasm: liquid material that transport substances within the yeast cell
Nucleus: control center of yeast cell that holds genetic information
Vacuole: storage site for yeast cell
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Section:
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Section:
Figure 21-8 The Life Cycle of a
Basidiomycete
Section 21-2
Fruiting body (N + N)
Gills lined
with basidia
Cap
Button
Gills
Stalk
Base
Basidia
(N + N)
Secondary
mycelium (N + N)
FERTILIZATION
HYPHAE FUSE
Primary mycelium (N)
Zygote (2N)
- Mating type (N)
Haploid
+ Mating type (N)
MEIOSIS
Diploid
Basidiospores (N)
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Section:
cap
gills
basidium
stipe
rhizoids
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Section:
Basidium: spore-bearing structure of a basidiomycete
Cap: top section of the fruiting body
Gills: downward like projection structures that hold the
basidium
Rhizoids: a root like hypha that penetrates the surface of
an object
Stipe: base of the fruiting body
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Section:
Figure 21-2 The Structure of a Mushroom
Section 21-1
Fruiting body
Hyphae
Mycelium
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Section:
Fruiting body:
reproductive structure of fungus that develops from a mycelium
Hyphae: tiny filament that makes up a multicellular fungus or a
water mold
Mycelium: many hyphae tangled together into a thick mass
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Section:
Hyphae Structure
Section 21-1
Nuclei
Cell wall
Cytoplasm
Cross wall
Cytoplasm
Hyphae With Cross Walls
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Section:
Nuclei
Cell wall
Hyphae Without Cross Walls
Figure 21-7 The Life Cycle of an Ascomycete
Section 21-2
Fruiting body (N + N)
Hyphae
(N + N)
Ascus
(N + N)
Diploid
Zygote (2N)
Haploid
Hyphae (N)
Gametangia
Asci
FERTILIZATION
HYPHAE FUSE
MEIOSIS
+ Mating type (N)
Sexual Reproduction
- Mating type (N)
Ascus
Conidia (N)
Hypha (N)
Conidiophore
Hypha (N)
Asexual Reproduction
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Section:
8 Ascospores
(N)
Interest Grabber continued
Section 21-3
Classify each of the following fungi as decomposers, parasites, or
organisms that live in a mutually beneficial relationship with another
species.
1. A network of fungi covers the roots of fir trees. The trees provide the
fungi with food, and the fungi help the tree roots absorb water.
2. Fungi living on growing corn stalks destroy corn kernels.
3. Mushrooms growing on a fallen log obtain food from the decaying
wood.
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Section:
Section Outline
Section 21-3
21–3
Ecology of Fungi
A. All Fungi Are Heterotrophs
B. Fungi as Decomposers
C. Fungi as Parasites
1. Plant Diseases
2. Human Diseases
3. Other Animal Diseases
D. Symbiotic Relationships
1. Lichens
2. Mycorrhizae
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Section:
Video
Fungi
Click the image to play the video segment.
Lichen Structure
Section 21-3
Densely packed hyphae
Layer of algae/
cyanobacteria
Loosely packed hyphae
Densely packed hyphae
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Section:
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Section:
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Section:
Go Online
Interactive test
Articles on fungi
For links on fungi go to www.SciLinks.org and enter the Web Code
as follows: cbn-6211.
For links on asexual reproduction, go to www.SciLinks.org and enter
the Web Code as follows: cbn-6212.
Interest Grabber Answers
1. What are some things that you know about mushrooms?
Possible answers: Mushrooms grow from the soil in dark, damp places.
They are eaten by animals, including people. They are soft.
2. Would you classify mushrooms as an animal, a plant, or something else?
Give reasons for your answer.
Students will likely say that mushrooms should be classified as something
other than plants or animals. Possible reasons: Mushrooms grow in soil, as
plants do, but they aren’t green. Mushrooms aren’t animals because they
don’t move from place to place as animals do.
Interest Grabber Answers
1. List as many examples of fungi that you can.
Mushrooms, mold, yeast, mildew, truffles
2. How are fungi helpful to humans?
They are sources of food and are used in making bread, wine,
and medicines.
3. How are fungi harmful to humans?
Some are poisonous and can cause illness or death.
Interest Grabber Answers
Classify each of the following fungi as decomposers, parasites, or organisms
that live in a mutually beneficial relationship with another species.
1. A network of fungi covers the roots of fir trees. The trees provide the fungi
with food, and the fungi help the tree roots absorb water.
Organisms that live in a mutually beneficial relationship with another
species
2. Fungi living on growing corn stalks destroy corn kernels.
Parasites
3. Mushrooms growing on a fallen log obtain food from the decaying wood.
Decomposers
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