Chapter 18
Interactions of Living
Things
The study of the interactions between
organisms and their environment
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Ecology
The study of the interactions between
organisms and their environment
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Living factors in the environment
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Biotic
Living factors in the environment
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Nonliving factors in the environment
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Abiotic
Nonliving factors in the environment
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A group of individuals of the same
species that live together in the same
area at the same time
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Population
A group of individuals of the same species
that live together in the same area at the
same time
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All of the populations of different
species that live and interact in an
area
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Community
All of the populations of different species
that live and interact in an area
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A community of organisms and their
nonliving environment
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Ecosystem
A community of organisms and their
nonliving environment
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The part of the Earth where life
exists
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Biosphere
The part of the Earth where life exists
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A consumer that eats plants
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Herbivore
A consumer that eats plants
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A consumer that eats animals
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Carnivore
A consumer that eats animals
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A consumer that eats a variety of
organisms
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Omnivore
A consumer that eats a variety of
organisms
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An animal that feeds on the
bodies of dead animals
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Scavenger
An animal that feeds on the bodies of
dead animals
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A diagram that represents how
energy in food molecules flows from
one organism to the next
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Food Chain
A diagram that represents how energy in
food molecules flows from one organism
to the next
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A complex diagram representing the
many pathways in a real ecosystem
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Food web
A complex diagram representing the
many pathways in a real ecosystem
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A diagram shaped like a triangle
showing the loss of energy at each
level of the food chain
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Energy pyramid
A diagram shaped like a triangle showing
the loss of energy at each level of the
food chain
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The environment where an organism
lives
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Habitat
The environment where an organism lives
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An organism’s way a life and its
relationship with its abiotic and biotic
environment
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Niche
An organism’s way a life and its
relationship with its abiotic and biotic
environment
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The largest population that a given
environment can support over a long
period of time
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Carrying capacity
The largest population that a given
environment can support over a long
period of time
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An organism that is eaten by another
organism
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Prey
An organism that is eaten by another
organism
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An organism that eats other
organisms
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Predator
An organism that eats other organisms
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A close, long-term association
between two or more species
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Symbiosis
A close, long-term association between
two or more species
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A symbiotic relationship in which
both organisms benefit
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Mutualism
A symbiotic relationship in which both
organisms benefit
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A symbiotic relationship in which one
organism benefits and the other is
unaffected
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Commensalism
A symbiotic relationship in which one
organism benefits and the other is
unaffected
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A symbiotic association in which one
organism benefits while the other is
harmed
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Parasitism
A symbiotic association in which one
organism benefits while the other is
harmed
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Long-term changes that take places
in two species because of their close
interactions with one another
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Coevolution
Long-term changes that take places in two
species because of their close
interactions with one another
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