Cardiovascular System
Anatomy and Physiology Flash Cards
Associated Bodywork & Massage Professionals
Directions
• The first slide asks a question.
• The second slide answers the question.
• Use these slides like flash cards to test
your core knowledge.
Associated Bodywork & Massage Professionals
Question
What is the location of the heart?
Associated Bodywork & Massage Professionals
Answer
In the mediastinum of the thoracic cavity
between the lungs.
Associated Bodywork & Massage Professionals
Question
What is the position of the heart?
Associated Bodywork & Massage Professionals
Answer
The heart lies left of the midline; 2/3 on
the left,1/3 on the right
Associated Bodywork & Massage Professionals
Question
Describe the size of the heart.
Associated Bodywork & Massage Professionals
Answer
It weighs approximately one pound and is
about the size of a closed fist.
Associated Bodywork & Massage Professionals
Question
What is the lower blunt point of the heart
called?
Associated Bodywork & Massage Professionals
Answer
Apex
Associated Bodywork & Massage Professionals
Question
The heart is contained in a two-layer sac.
Please name and describe each layer.
Associated Bodywork & Massage Professionals
Answer
1.Pericardium—the inside layer is called
visceral pericardium (aka epicardium) and
covers the heart like an apple skin.
2.The outside layer is the parietal pericardium
and is a loose fitting sac.
3.There is a thin layer of pericardial fluid in
between the two, allowing free movement.
Associated Bodywork & Massage Professionals
Question
Name the four (4) valves in the heart that
prevent the backflow of blood.
Associated Bodywork & Massage Professionals
Answer
Two AV or atrioventricular valves located
between the atria and the ventricles. The
right is called the tricuspid valve; the left is
called the bicuspid or mitral valve.
Two SL or semilunar valves located between
the two ventricular chambers and the large
arteries that carry the blood away from the
heart. The right is the pulmonary semilunar
valve; the left is the aortic semilunar valve.
Associated Bodywork & Massage Professionals
Question
The two upper chambers of the heart are
called ______.
Associated Bodywork & Massage Professionals
Answer
Atria
Associated Bodywork & Massage Professionals
Question
What is the heart’s average beats per
minute?
Associated Bodywork & Massage Professionals
Answer
72 beats per minute
Associated Bodywork & Massage Professionals
Question
There are two distinct sounds in every
heart beat—lub-dup. What is
happening during the first sound, lub?
Associated Bodywork & Massage Professionals
Answer
Closing of the AV valves during
contraction of the ventricles.
Associated Bodywork & Massage Professionals
Question
When measuring blood pressure, we hear
sounds for diastole and systole.
Please indicate which is the top
number and which is the bottom
number.
Associated Bodywork & Massage Professionals
Answer
Systole is the top number.
Diastole is the bottom number.
Associated Bodywork & Massage Professionals
Question
The second sound heard, the dup, is
when the SL valves close and the
ventricles are in ______.
Associated Bodywork & Massage Professionals
Answer
Diastole
Associated Bodywork & Massage Professionals
Question
In systemic circulation, describe the route of the
blood to the body from the left ventricle of
the heart.
Associated Bodywork & Massage Professionals
Answer
LV > AORTA > ARTERIES
>ARTERIOLES >CAPILLARIES >
VENULES > VEINS > S & I VENA
CAVA >RA
Associated Bodywork & Massage Professionals
Question
In what direction do veins and arteries
carry blood?
Associated Bodywork & Massage Professionals
Answer
Veins toward the heart.
Arteries away from the heart.
Associated Bodywork & Massage Professionals
Question
How many layers does a capillary have?
Associated Bodywork & Massage Professionals
Answer
One
Associated Bodywork & Massage Professionals
Question
Name the three layers of the artery and
vein from innermost to outermost.
Associated Bodywork & Massage Professionals
Answer
1. Tunica intima
2. Tunica media
3. Tunica aventitia
Associated Bodywork & Massage Professionals
Question
Which layer is the capillary?
Associated Bodywork & Massage Professionals
Answer
Tunica intima
Associated Bodywork & Massage Professionals
Question
What happens during pulmonary
circulation?
Associated Bodywork & Massage Professionals
Answer
Gas Exchange. Discharging CO2 and
receiving O2.
Associated Bodywork & Massage Professionals
Question
What is the instrument used to read
blood pressure?
Associated Bodywork & Massage Professionals
Answer
Sphygmomanometer
Associated Bodywork & Massage Professionals
Question
Blood pressure is read on what artery?
Associated Bodywork & Massage Professionals
Answer
Brachial
Associated Bodywork & Massage Professionals
Question
List the nine major pulse points.
Associated Bodywork & Massage Professionals
Answer
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Temporal
Facial
Carotid
Axillary
Brachial
Radial
Femoral
Popliteal
Dorsalis pedis
Associated Bodywork & Massage Professionals
Question
What is tachycardia?
Associated Bodywork & Massage Professionals
Answer
Faster than normal heart rate.
Associated Bodywork & Massage Professionals
Question
What is stroke volume?
Associated Bodywork & Massage Professionals
Answer
The volume of blood ejected from the
ventricles during each beat.
Associated Bodywork & Massage Professionals
Question
What is the cardiac cycle?
Associated Bodywork & Massage Professionals
Answer
Bone forming cells found on the
periosteum.
Associated Bodywork & Massage Professionals
Question
Define osteoclasts.
Associated Bodywork & Massage Professionals
Answer
A group of cells that reabsorb bone.
Associated Bodywork & Massage Professionals
Question
What are intercalated discs?
Associated Bodywork & Massage Professionals
Answer
The electrical connectors between cardiac
muscle cells.
Associated Bodywork & Massage Professionals
Question
What is the pacemaker of the heart?
Associated Bodywork & Massage Professionals
Answer
Sinoatrial node (SA node)
Associated Bodywork & Massage Professionals