THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY
UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY
LA THI THUY
TOPIC TITLE: CURRENT STATUS OF ENVIRONMENT AND PROPOSE TO
APPLY AN ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM FOLLOWS AN
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ORGANIZATION 14001 AT LINE 1 PHA
LAI THERMAL POWER JOINT STOCK COMPANY
BACHELOR THESIS
Bachelor mode : Full time
Major
: Environmental Science and Management
Faculty
: International Training and Development Center
Batch
: 2010 - 2015
Thai Nguyen, 23/01/ 2015
Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry
Degree Program :
Bachelor
of
Environmental
Science
and
Management
Student name :
La Thi Thuy
Student ID :
DTN 1053110192
Thesis Title :
Current status of environment and propose to
apply an environmental management system
follows an international standard organization
14001 at Line 1 Pha Lai Thermal Power Joint
Stock Company
Supervisor (s):
Dr. Nguyen Thanh Hai
Abstract
During recent years a lot of research has been done in order to
investigate the purpose of ISO 14001 and problems occurring during its
implementation. Environmental Management Systems (EMS) like ISO 14001 is
often criticized for not being the drive force of environmental benefits that it
was intended to. In Thermal Power JSC the ISO 14001 EMS is not widely used
yet. Moreover, no studies have been made so far to evaluate the use of ISO
14001 in this country.
In 2004 the author of this thesis was given the opportunity to work with
Line.1 - Pha Lai Thermal Power JSC and implement ISO 14001. During this
process several problems occurred which formed the basis for this thesis. This
thesis is an assessment of the implementation process of ISO 14001 by using
questioner. It is based on a four-month practical experience of implementing
ISO 14001.
The results show that the main reasons for implementing ISO 14001 at
construction. Companies in Line.1 are 1) staying in competition 2) to improve
i
company image and 3) to deal with environmental issues and that lack of
finances for implementation is not considered as a problem. Furthermore, it is
shown that, most companies have problems implementing ISO 14001.
According to this thesis, those problems are mainly related to human resources
such as working habits, employee awareness and attitudes toward
environmental issues. Suggestions are given to prevent these identified
problems. This thesis concludes that the general criticism toward ISO for not
being the driving force for gaining environmental benefits is justified, also in
Line.1 - Pha Lai Thermal Power JSC.
Keywords:
Environmental
problems,
environmental
pollutants,
environmental management system, international standard
organization.
Number of Pages:
48 pages
Date of
January 23, 2015
Submission:
ii
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my supervisor, Dr. Nguyen
Thanh Hai, for supporting me all the way through this thesis. Her invaluable
encouragement interesting viewpoints and constructive comments on this thesis
have been highly appreciated.
Further I am very grateful to Mrs. Nguyen Thi Thu Huyen who has
supported me through this thesis in Institute of Energy, gave me many good ideas
and was my guiding light.
I’m also thankful to staffs working at the Counseling Center of Thermal
Power - Nuclear Power and Environment - Energy Institute has directly
facilitated and helped me during practice there and investigation fieldwork in the
study area. Thank you for your time and willingness to share your viewpoints
with me.
Finally I would like to thank all my friends, especially my family for their
great support.
Thai Nguyen, Date…. Month….Year 2015
The implementation
La Thi Thuy
iii
TABLE OF CONTENT
LIST OF FIGURES .............................................................................................. 1
LIST OF TABLES ................................................................................................ 2
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS .............................................................................. 3
PART 1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................ 4
1.1. Research rationale ........................................................................................... 4
1.2. Research’s objectives ...................................................................................... 5
1.3. Research questions and hypothesis ................................................................. 6
1.4. Limitations ....................................................................................................... 6
1.5. Definitions ....................................................................................................... 6
PART II. LITERATURE REVIEW ................................................................... 7
2.1. Rationale .......................................................................................................... 7
2.1.1. The concept ofenvironmental problems and environmental management
system ..................................................................................................................... 7
2.1.2. Introduce about ISO ..................................................................................... 8
2.1.3. Environmental Management System applies ISO 14001 ............................. 9
2.1.4. Features of EMS are used ISO 14001 ........................................................ 10
2.2. Legal basic ..................................................................................................... 11
2.3. Practical basis ................................................................................................ 12
2.3.1. Current status applies EMS ISO 14001 in the world ................................. 12
2.3.2. Current status of applies EMS ISO 14001 in Vietnam .............................. 13
PART III. METHODS ....................................................................................... 16
3.1. Materials ........................................................................................................ 16
3.2. Methods ......................................................................................................... 16
3.2.1. Gathering secondary materials ................................................................... 16
3.2.2. Summarizing methods ................................................................................ 16
3.2.3. Comparison methods .................................................................................. 17
PART IV. RESULTS .......................................................................................... 18
iv
4.1. Briefly introduction about Line.1 .................................................................. 18
4.2. Current status of environment ....................................................................... 21
4.2.1. Current status of air .................................................................................... 21
4.2.2. Current status of wastewater. ..................................................................... 24
4.2.3. Noise and vibration..................................................................................... 26
4.2.4. Solid waste .................................................................................................. 27
4.3. Comparison between the requirements of ISO 14001 with the current status
of EMS at Line.1–Pha Lai Thermal Power JSC and propose to apply an EMS
follows ISO 14001 ................................................................................................ 27
PART 5. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION ................................................ 44
5.1. Discussion ...................................................................................................... 44
5.2. Conclusion ..................................................................................................... 45
LIST OF REFERENCES................................................................................... 47
APPENDIXES
v
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 2.1. Distribution of ISO 14001 certification in the world in 2013 ............ 13
Figure 2.2. Growth of ISO 14001 certification in Vietnam. ................................ 14
Figure 4.1. Organizational chart of Pha Lai Thermal Power JSC ........................ 19
1
LIST OF TABLES
Table 2.1. Summary of statistical data on the growth rate of ISO certification in
2012 and 2013 ........................................................................................................ 9
Table 4.1. Total labor of Pha Lai Thermal Power JSC ........................................ 20
Table 4.2. Concentrations of pollutants at Line.1 ................................................ 22
Table 4.3. Quality of domestic wastewater after processing of Line.1 ................ 25
Table 4.4.the quality of wastewater contaminated after processing of Line.1 ..... 26
Table 4.5. Comparison between requirements of No 4.1 with current status of
EMS at Line.1 ....................................................................................................... 27
Table 4.6. Comparison between requirement 4.2 environmental policies with
current status of EMS at Line.1 ............................................................................ 28
Table 4.7. Comparison between requirement 4.3 planning with current status of
EMS at Line.1 ....................................................................................................... 29
Table 4.8.Comparison between requirement 4.4 implementing and operating with
the current status of EMS at Line.1 ...................................................................... 32
Table 4.9.Comparison between requirements 4.5 Checking with the current status
of EMS at Line.1 .................................................................................................. 38
Table 4.10.Comparison between requirement 4.6 considerations of leadership
with current status of EMS at Line.1 .................................................................... 42
2
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
AP
: Administration Personnel
C
: Concentration
EA
: Environmental Aspects
EM
: Environmental Management
EMS
: Environmental Management System
EP
: Environmental Protection
ESP
: Environmental System Protection
FP
: Fire Prevention
ISO
: International Standard Organization
JSC
: Joint Stock Company
PDCA
: Plant – Do - Check – Act
3
PART I. INTRODUCTION
1.1. Research rationale
Environmental protection is the task of social identity string, tied to the
struggle to reduce poverty in each country with the struggle for peace and social
progress. Currently, the environment is one of the issues with different levels and
branches that gained worldwide attention because of following remarkable
achievements in economics, the consequences for the environment is a very large
number of the impact and consequences of human-induced environmental, some
countries in the world have been interested and have an appropriate investment
for environmental issues, modern science as well contribution in finding and
implementing solutions to environmental problems. But so far the development
of increasing scientific and technological promises have yet effective solutions to
environmental problems which only contributes to minimize the rate of
environmental destruction.
Environmental pollution is a topical issue in the media forum because of
recent discovery of a series of environmental pollution caused by a number of
businesses. Consumers today not only want to use the goods of good quality, but
also environmentally friendly. Therefore, enterprises want to survive and
sustainable development cannot be put environmental issues outside business
development strategy of the business; to ensure that the business needs to do and
to be able to manage and minimize the impact on our environment. That is why
the introduction of the ISO 14001 Environmental Management System (EMS),
this is the tool that helps businesses use to proactively prevent environmental
pollution instead of dealing passive implementation
Through the construction of EMS ISO 14001, companies can enhance the
value of their image in the minds of consumers and overcome the technical
barriers to rise compared with the products of other company.
Standing before that reality, Line.1 - Pha Lai Thermal Joint Stock
Company (JSC) is one of the factories operating in the power generation,
therefore how to create the brand and its products entering the domestic market is
4
very necessary. The construction of the environmental management system ISO
14001 is the right thing to do, which gives the plant its visual enhancement of
environmental protection activities with trade partners and consumers, helping
reduce product costs, improve profits by controlling the production process. In
addition, it also raises awareness of environmental protection, prevent the
depletion of natural resources and ensure the health of workers.
For Vietnam’s businesses, ISO 14001 is quite new and they will meet
many difficulties requires, especially investment in terms of money and
manpower about training environment. Currently in the power generation
industry with very few companies achieve ISO 14001, accounting for about 14%
of large businesses operating in the field of electricity production in Viet Nam. In
the future, Line.1 - Pha Lai Thermal Power JSC need to be considered and apply
the ISO 14001 because this Line.1 rated as relatively large and capital as well as
technical equipment but the quality was too old and need be replaced to minimize
the impacts related to the environment in and outside the Line.1.
However, before applying, we should have specific assessment of the
applicability of the Line.1 according to the requirements in terms of ISO 14001
EMS and the initial proposal to help managers and strategic planning of the
company have the appropriate decision.
I conducted research on the subject: "Current status of environment and
propose to apply an environmental management system follows an
international standard organization 14001 at line 1 – Pha Lai Thermal Power
Joint Stock Company" under the guidance of Dr. Nguyen Thanh Hai - Thai
Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry.
1.2. Research’s objectives
-To study the current status of environment at Line.1 – Pha Lai Thermal
Power JSC.
-To compare the different between the requirement of ISO 14001 with the
current status of EMS at Line.1
- To propose solutions to construct EMS following ISO 14001 at Line.1.
5
1.3. Research questions and hypothesis
Question: Whether the current status of EMS at Line.1 could be applied by the
requirement of ISO 14001.
Hypotheses:
We can reduce the affect of environmental problems by EMS follows ISO 14001.
How can Line.1 apply EMS follows ISO 14001.
1.4. Limitations
This project could not considered all environmental problems at Pha Lai
Thermal Power JSC and Pha Lai Thermal Power JSC is old thermal company in
Vietnam therefore the requirement to apply EMS follows ISO 14001 is long-term
apply and needs the considering of Department of Environment of Hai Duong.
The investigation is big problem about money and man power.
1.5. Definitions
Environmental problems is one of the greatest problems that the world is facing
today is that of environmental pollution, increasing with every passing year and
causing grave and irreparable damage to the earth. Environmental pollution
consists of five basic types of pollution, namely, air, water, soil, noise and light.
Environmental management system is a management tool used to direct
and control all activities of an organization capable of causing impacts to
environment. The background of environmental management systems is based on
the requirements of ISO 14001 methodologies is Plan - Do - Check - Act
(PDCA).
ISO stands for International Organization for Standardization.
ISO 14001 is environmental management system, guideline and
regulation.
6
PART II. LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1. Rationale
2.1.1. The concept of environmental problems and environmental management
system
Environmental problems is one of the greatest problems that the world is
facing today is that of environmental pollution, increasing with every passing
year and causing grave and irreparable damage to the earth. Environmental
pollution consists of five basic types of pollution, namely, air, water, soil, noise
and light (Hung, H.V. 2008).
Air pollution is by far the most harmful form of pollution in our
environment. Air pollution is cause by the injurious smoke emitted by cars,
buses, trucks, trains, and factories, namely sulphur dioxide, carbon monoxide and
nitrogen oxides. Even smoke from burning leaves and cigarettes are harmful to
the environment causing a lot of damage to man and the atmosphere.
Water pollution caused industrial waste products released into lakes,
rivers, and other water bodies, has made marine life no longer hospitable (Thanh,
D.N. 2008).
Noise pollution, soil pollution and light pollution too are the damaging the
environment at an alarming rate. Noise pollution include aircraft noise, noise of
cars, buses, and trucks, vehicle horns, loudspeakers, and industry noise, as well
as high-intensity sonar effects which are extremely harmful for the environment.
Soil pollution, which can also be called soil contamination, is a result of acid
rain, polluted water, fertilizers etc., which leads to bad crops. Soil contamination
occurs when chemicals are released by spill or underground storage tank leakage
which releases heavy contaminants into the soil.
Light Pollution includes light trespass, over-illumination and astronomical
interference.
Environmental management system is a management tool used to direct
and control all activities of an organization capable of causing impacts to
environment. The background of environmental management systems is based on
7
the requirements of ISO 14001 methodologies is Plan - Do - Check - Act
(PDCA).
2.1.2. Introduce about ISO
ISO
stands
for
International
Organization
for
Standardization
(International Organization for Standardization), was established in 1946 and
formal operations on 02.23.1947 for the purpose of building standards for
production trade and information. ISO is headquartered in Geneva (Switzerland)
and is a specialized international organization with members that the national
standards bodies of 165 countries (Edwards, A.J. 2004).
The purpose of ISO is to facilitate the exchanges of goods and services
worldwide become easier, more convenient and efficient to achieve. All the
standards set forth by ISO are voluntary.
Table 2.1 shows the change in the number of ISO certification in the
world in 2012 and 2013, through which we see that the ISO has been a major
concern for businesses around the world. ISO has published more than 19500
International Standards covering almost every industry, from technology, to food
safety, agriculture and healthcare. Today ISO has members from 165 countries
and 3 368 technical bodies to take care of standard development. More than 150
people work full time for ISO’s Central Secretariat in Geneva, Switzerland.
8
Table 2.1. Summary of statistical data on the growth rate of ISO
certification in 2012 and 2013
Number of
Number of
certificate in
certificate in
2013
2012
ISO 9001
1 129 446
1 096 987
32 459
3%
ISO 14001
301 647
284 654
16 993
6%
ISO 50001
4 826
2 236
2 590
116%
ISO 27001
22 293
19 620
2 673
14 %
ISO 22000
26 847
23 278
3 569
15%
ISO/TS 16949
53 723
50 071
3 652
7%
ISO 13485
25 666
22 317
3 349
15 %
1 564 448
1 499 163
65 285
4%
Standard
Total
Number of
growth rate
Percent of
growth rate
(%)
(Source: www.iso.org )
2.1.3. Environmental Management System applies ISO 14001
ISO 14000 is the standard for environmental management by ISO issued
to help organizations/enterprises reduces harmful impact on the environment
and constantly improving results environmental action. The ISO 14000 standard,
including relevant aspects of environmental management systems such as
environmental management, life cycle assessment of products, eco-labels,
identification and inventory of greenhouse gases (James, E.H. 2011 &
Jorgensen, T.H. 2000).
International Organizations for Standardization has
issued the first ISO14000 standards at the end of the first millennium (1996), to
date, these standards have been revised for the second time (the latest version is
issued 2004). 1997: the standard of ISO14000 standards fully launched,
including a number of criteria:
 ISO 14001 - "Environmental Management System. Regulations and
Guidelines ";
 ISO 14004 - "Environmental Management System. General guidelines
on principles, systems and supporting techniques";
9
 ISO 14010 - "Guidelines for Environmental Assessment. The general
principles";
 ISO 14011 - "Guidelines for Environmental Assessment. The process of
evaluation. Evaluation of environmental management system";
 ISO 14012 - "Guidelines for Environmental Assessment. Standard
capacity for environmental assessments."
- In 2004: Standard ISO 14001 - 2004 version released in (replacing the
standard ISO14001 edition 1996).
- On 17/07/2009 ISO reviewed and issued standard ISO 14001: 2009 with
the name of the ISO 14001: 2004/Cor 1:2009 version of ISO 14001, this
adjustment was enacted to ensure compatibility after the promulgation of
standards for quality management system ISO 9001:2008. ISO 14001 has been
accepted in Vietnam became the national standard: ISO 14001:2010 Environmental Management System (Harmony, J. 2013).
- Currently, ISO 14001 is being used by at least 223,149 organizations in
over 160 countries and economies.
ISO 14001 is the first certification in EMS. This standard is voluntary and
was developed by ISO 14001 aims to potentially be applied to all types of
organizations and to adapt to the conditions of geography, cultures and different
societies. The overall objective of the ISO 14001 standard and other kinds of sets
of ISO 14001 to protect the environment and prevent pollution in harmony with
the social and economic needs. ISO 14001 is applicable to all types of
organizations, regardless of size, type of activity or product (Ho, P.N & Ca, H.X.
2012).
2.1.4. Features of EMS are used ISO 14001
- EMS as part of the overall management of the organization refers to the
environmental aspects (EA) arising from the activities of that organization.
- EMS helps organizations to achieve the objectives of environmental
protection and toward continuous improvement system.
- Environmental Management System - ISO 14001 as follows:
• Applies to all types of products.
10
• The implementation is voluntary.
• The success of the system depends on the commitment of all
departments and individuals involved.
• Support for environmental protection and pollution prevention.
• Establish, implement, maintain and improve an EMS.
• Ensure all activities consistent with environmental policy were
announced.
• Prove that the suitability for other organizations.
• EMS’s organization is certified as fit by an external organization level.
• Self-defined and declared in accordance with this standard.
2.2. Legal basic
Some government policies relating to the application of ISO 14001 and
Environmental Protection Act
- Circular No.43 of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environmental
defined "National Technical Standards on Environment" (Circular 43/2010/TTBTNMT). Circular No. 41 of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environmental
defined "national technical standards on environment" (Circular 41/2010/TTBTNMT). Circular No. 42 of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environmental
regulations "National Standards for the environment" (Circular 42/2010/TTBTNMT)
- Decision of the Prime Minister 256/2003/QD-TTg dated 02/12/2003
regarding the approval of the strategic national environmental protection in 2010
and 2020 orientation.
- Directive of the Prime Minister 26/2007/CT-TTg dated 26/11/2007 of
the track monitor and evaluate the implementation of planned spending on
resources - environment and sustainable development firmly.
- Environmental Protection Act 2005 by the National Assembly of the
Socialist Republic of Vietnam XI session8thon 29/11/2005 and is effective from
01/07/2006.
- Directive 36-CT/TW on strengthening environmental protection during
the period of industrialization and modernization of the country.
11
- Decree No.21/2008/ND-CP dated 28 May 02, 2008, modified and
supplemented a number of articles of Decree No.80/2006 dated 09 May 08, 2006
by the Government on the detailed provisions and guiding a number of articles of
the Law on Environmental Protection.
- Decree No.117/2009/ND-CP on the handling of administrative violations
in the field of environmental protection. Decree shall take effect as of
01/03/2010.
- Law on Water Resources, Law No.17/2012/QH13 by the National
Assembly of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam on June 21, 2012.
- Decree No.29/2011/ND-CP dated 28/4/2011 of the Government on
strategic environmental assessment, environmental impact assessment, and
environmental protection commitments.
- QCVN 26:2010/BTNMT: National Technical Regulation of noise, time
from 6 hours to 21 hours (according to the audio equivalent).
- QCVN 14:2008/BTNMT - National Technical Regulation of domestic
wastewater
- QCVN 19:2009/BTNMT - National Technical Regulation on industrial
emissions of dust and inorganic substances
- QCVN 20:2009/BTNMT - National Technical Regulation on industrial
emissions for a number of organic compounds
- QCVN 27:2010/ BTNMT - National Technical Regulation on vibration
- QCVN 40:2011/BTNMT - National Technical Regulation on industrial
wastewater
- QCVN 07:2009/BTNMT - National Technical Regulation on waste
threshold.
2.3. Practical basis
2.3.1. Current status applies EMS ISO 14001 in the world
Accompany the development of the society which is the introduction of
various types of businesses and organizations that come into operation when all
causes of environmental impacts with different levels of influence, the problem is
that the joints with different scales should do to be able to manage and minimize
12
the impact on our environment. That is why the introduction of the ISO 14001
environmental management system. Launched for the first time in 1996, ISO
14001 is now available in 138 countries and territories and has over 140,000
businesses / organizations to be certified (Edwards, A.J. 2004).
By the end of 2013 there were at least 223149 ISO 14001 certificates had
been issued in 159 countries and economies, the growth rate is almost the same
in 2008 with 34 334 certification standards in 2013 compared with 34242
certificates standards issued in 2012. The level of certification standards before it
reached 188,815 certificates in 155 countries and economies. Figure 2.1
represents the number of ISO 14001 certification in the world and through which
we see the Top 10 Most countries apply.
Figure 2.1. Distribution of ISO 14001 certification in the world in 2013
(Source: www.iso.org )
In terms of countries around the world, Japan is the country with the
largest percent of applying ISO 14001 and after that is China. From this fact, we
can know that Japan is a country with great attention to the environment (James,
E. H. 2011)
2.3.2. Current status of applies EMS ISO 14001 in Vietnam
In 1998, after two years of being issued, ISO 14001:1996 is the first level.
Since then, the number of organizations applying ISO 14001 certified and
constantly increasing, at first, the company is located in Vietnam applying ISO
13
14001 mostly foreign factories or joint ventures with foreign countries, especially
Japan. This is understandable because Japan has always been at the forefront of
environmental protection and the application of ISO 14001. On the other hand
Japan is one of the countries investing in Vietnam very soon and a large
proportion of the total head foreign investment in Vietnam. There are so many
Japanese companies doing business in Vietnam, may include some major
corporations such as Honda, Toyota, Panasonic, Canon, Yamaha ... Most of the
plant's parent organizations have already adopted ISO 14001 and they require the
plants in the country are required to develop and apply ISO 14001. Therefore,
these companies have also contributed greatly in the development trend of the
application of ISO 14001 in Vietnam (Harmony, J. 2013).
With the increasing number of organizations/enterprises with foreign
factors apply ISO 14001, the national organizations have realized the importance
of the protection of the environment and they also have strategies in the
application of ISO 14001. Most enterprises member of cement plants as Hoang
Thach Cement, Bim Son, Hoang Mai ... also has and in the process of developing
environmental management system ISO 14001. Recently, a series of hotel
members of Saigon Tourist Corporation has been certified to ISO 14001(Be,
L.V. 2006).
Figure 2.2. Growth of ISO 14001 certification in Vietnam.
(Source: www.iso.org )
14
In Vietnam nowadays, ISO 14001 certification has been granted for many
organizations with different types of production and service business is quite
diverse, including industries such as food processing (sugar, seafood , alcoholic
beverage ...), Electronics, Chemicals (oil, paint, plant protection), Building and
Materials, Travel - Hotels account for a large proportion (Thao, N.T. 2005).
However, compared with the number of thousands of businesses have
been certified for quality management system ISO 14001, the number of power
plants applicable standards of environmental management is still small. This
suggests that in Vietnam, the power plant has yet to pay proper attention to
environmental issues and environmental protection (Boiral, O. & Sala, J.M.
1998).
15
PART III. METHODS
3.1. Materials
- Subject: Environmental Management System of Line.1- Pha Lai Thermal
Power JSC
- Scope: To study the content and requirements of ISO 14000 and ISO
14001 standards for proposed construction program of environmental
management system ISO 14001 in accordance with a real working model
practices, namely Line.1- Pha Lai Thermal Power JSC- Chi Linh District - Hai
Duong Province.
- Location and time: Location: Line.1–Pha Lai Thermal Power JSC - Pha
Lai Ward - Sao Do Town – Chi Linh District –Hai Duong Province. Time: From
September, 2014 to December, 2014
- Contents: Summary about Line.1–Pha Lai Thermal Power JSC; current
status of environment of Line.1; comparison between requirement of ISO 14001
with current status of EMS at Line.1 and propose to apply EMS follows ISO
14001.
3.2. Methods
3.2.1. Gathering secondary materials
- Gathering materials about ISO 14001 and other standards, regulation of
Vietnam about reducing environmental pollution.
- Gather information from books, newspapers, library, internet etc.
- Inherited selective material is available from the Line.1 and related
subjects.
3.2.2. Summarizing methods
- Field observations and direct observation of the activities taking place in
the Line.1.
- Assessing the current state of EMS of the Line.1.
16
3.2.3. Comparison methods
- Comparing the requirements of ISO 14001 with the current status of
EMS at Line.1
- Methods of analysis – comparing: the results of the survey of the current
state of the environment are analyzed, compared based on the requirements of
ISO 14001. Since then, make recommendations and build models for Line.1’s
EMS.
17
PART IV. RESULTS
4.1. Briefly introduction about Line.1
Pha Lai Thermal Power JSC precursor is a company specialized in
producing electricity from coal nature. The company is located in the Chi Linh
Town, Hai Duong province, far 56km from Hanoi capital in the North - East,
close to the northern corner of 18th Street and Thai Binh Pacific river. The
company started construction on 05/17/1980 with 440MW capacities, including 4
group’s turbine generators and 8 boilers; each boiler has 110MW capacities. The
Line.1 has highly technical and economic indicators, Pha Lai Thermal turn into
operation were promptly meet load growth strong in the 80s, Pha Lai Thermal
Power Company has the largest power Line.1 in the northern electric system at
that time. From 1989 to 1993, the Line.1's power output decreases by Hoa Binh
hydropower Line.1 in turn draw on the Northern electricity grid. Since 1994, the
North-South 500kV appeared, unified power system in the country, Pha Lai
Thermal JSC Line.1 is enhanced exploitation (Pha Lai Thermal Power JSC
annual report 2013).
- Line.1 –Pha Lai Thermal Power JSC is built on Pha Lai Ward- Sao Do
Town - Chi Linh District - Hai Duong Province. Line.1’s construction
commenced on 05.17.1980 and completed and put into operation in 1986.
- Duration of the national power grid of Line.1 as following:
+ Unit I: On 10/28/1983
+ Unit II: On 01/9/1984
+ Unit III: On 12/12/1985
+ Unit IV: On 11/29/1986
- Line.1 is designed, fabricated and helped by Russia including 4 units
with 8 high-pressure steam boilers and four steam turbine – generator; operating
under the oven block diagram 2 + 1 machine. A steam boiler which uses natural
circulation pulverized coal fuel producing superheated steam to drive steam
turbines. The power of one unit is 110MW. The total installed capacity of Line.1
is 440MW.
18
- Pha Lai Thermal Power JSC (both 2 lines) including 17 units consisting
of professional technical rooms and workshops, divided into 03 blocks: blocks of
professional technical room, mass and volume repair operation.
- The company operates under the following organizational chart:
Shareholders
Controllers
Directory
Director-general
Vice president in charge of
Vice president in charge of
production
economic
Fuel workshop
Office
Planning – Material
Department
Operation workshop 1
Operation workshop 2
Organization and
Supplementary
Labor Department
Operation workshop
Financial – Accounting
Department
Power – Control
Technical Department
tasks
Chemical Operation
Guard – Fire
workshop
Department
(Source: Pha Lai Thermal Power JSC)
Figure 4.1. Organizational chart of Pha Lai Thermal Power JSC
19
Table 4.1. Total labor of Pha Lai Thermal Power JSC
The current
Number
editor of Line.1 (person)
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
I.
Organization and Labor Department
9
10
1
Leadership, management team
2
2
2
Specialized, professional team
7
8
II. Technical Department
44
40
1
Leadership, management team
5
5
2
Specialized, professional team
39
35
III. Line.1’s office
136
145
1
Leadership, management team
5
5
2
Specialized, professional team
131
140
IV. Financial –Accouting Department
15
13
1
Leadership, management team
2
2
2
Specialized, professional team
13
11
V. Planning – Material Department
67
67
1
Leadership, management team
3
3
2
Specialized, professional team
64
64
VI. Operation Workshop 1
259
267
1
Leadership, management team
3
2
2
Specialized, professional team
256
265
VII. Operation Workshop 2
324
326
1
Leadership, management team
4
4
2
Specialized, professional team
320
322
VIII. Electricity – Testing Workshop
99
104
1
Leadership, management team
2
2
2
Specialized, professional team
97
102
IX. Fuel Workshop
226
229
1
Leadership, management team
3
3
2
Specialized, professional team
223
226
X. Chemical Workshop
68
66
1
Leadership, management team
2
2
2
Specialized, professional team
66
64
XI. Supplementary Workshop
19
18
1
Leadership, management team
1
1
2
Specialized, professional team
18
17
XII. Guard – Fire Department
71
71
1
Leadership, management team
2
2
2
Specialized, professional team
69
69
Total:
1337
1356
(Source: Pha Lai Thermal Power JSC)
No.
Group/Position Management
20
From the organizational chart above we can see that currently, Line.1
doesn’t have specific and clear environmental management system. Although
this Line.1 is one of the traditional power factories for the longest time in
Vietnam with high coal consumption, environmental issue is a matter of concern.
The organizational structure of the Line.1 has only one safe room, where room’s
function are monitoring, aggregate analysis of the impact of production on the
environment, based on the results of the evaluation of the private environmental
assessment and proposed measures to reduce pollution to protect the optimal
production environment as well as environmental protection for the workers in
the Line.1. These rooms are not responsible for periodically checking the
environment and ensure the environmental issues arise. Therefore the
environmental management system of the Line.1 needs to be upgraded and
replaced.
4.2. Current status of environment
4.2.1. Current status of air
- Production area: According to the annual report of Line.1 – Pha Lai
Thermal Power JSC the air is polluted by harmful gases SO2, NOx, slightly
heavy metals and organic chemicals. The air was polluted by dust, but in fact
produced in the years showed that many incidents have occurred due to the
inefficient operation of the electrostatic precipitator parts, causing dust pollution
in the manufacturing sector. On the other hand, the removal of slag in the
manufacturing sector has lead to the appearance of secondary dust emission
sources, sanitation workers declined (Pha Lai Thermal Power JSC Environmental
Monitoring Report issued, 2013).
- The area surrounding the Line.1: In the area within a Line.1 chimney
2km is not contaminated by harmful gases SO2, NOx, slightly heavy metal ... For
dust, the area around the Line.1 contaminated in many locations measured value
exceeds the allowed standard dust from 2-8 times.
- Line.1 remote area: The area downwind from the foot of the chimney in
the distance from 4km to 20-30km still affected by dust. Two main wind
direction with a high frequency of the Northeast and Southeast, so most affected
21
areas are the southwest and northwest of Pha Lai Thermal Power JSC: Que Vo,
Luong Gia, Bac Ninh province, Yen Dung, Bac Giang province are affected by
coal dust.
- Since 1998 the Line.1 has conducted replacement dust filter 8 for 8 boiler
work ends in 2007, according to the specifications of the ESP system of supplying the
goods at that time, dust filtration system performance (ESP) would be approximately
99.5%, but the technical file after replacing not provide exact numbers dust before (at
ESP) and after (out) ESP. And during operation since that time until now, the Line.1
did not measure dust levels before and after ESP to evaluate the performance of ESP,
except sometimes took measurements of the team research carried out scientific
research or for other purposes, according to these reports the concentration of
pollutants in the flue gas of Line.1’s boiler are as follows:
Table 4.2. Concentrations of pollutants at Line.1
Concentrations QCVN
Parameter
Unit
of pollutants at 22:2009/BTNMT 22:2009/BTNMT
Line.1
Dust
concentration
SO2
concentration
NOx
concentration
mg/Nm3
mg/Nm3
mg/Nm3
QCVN
350
890
960
(Column A)
272
1020
680
(Column B)
136
340
680(coal has Vc
≤10%)
(Source: Pha Lai Thermal Power JSC)
- In particular, the value of the concentration of pollutant emissions in
column A is applied to the operating base, the value applies to the concentration
of pollutant emissions in C "Column B" will be applied as a basis for calculating
maximum concentration allowed for the pollution parameters in industrial
thermal emission for "All units of thermal power factories from 01 January 01
2015".Thus, on 01 May 01 2015, all coal-fired power factories in Vietnam must
22
comply with the limit values for emissions permitted pollutant concentration (C)
in the flue gas as specified in column B.
- According to the survey results, the C of SO2 emissions at 1.717,
96mg/Nm3 when burning Mao Khe coal is much higher than the maximum
emission of SO2 required to apply for the Line.1 is 1020 mg/Nm3, price emission
values are too high which cannot meet the requirements of maximum emission
levels for SO2 concentration Cmax applied to the Line.1 must comply with
column B is 340mg/Nm3. Therefore, imperative in the future, the Line.1must
considers measures to reduce emissions of SO2 in the flue gas to ensure
compliance with the new emission limits prescribed. The concentration of NOx
emissions at 970.44 to 995.14mg/Nm3 is not required to meet the emission
maximum Cmax for NOx concentrations are required to apply and the future is
680mg/Nm3. In fact, the concentration of NOx emissions at Line.1 can be higher
than calculated by the burner and boiler Line.1 is old, operating in a very long
time, a number of similar factories as Ninh Binh Thermal Power Line.1, Uong Bi
Thermal Power Line.1 which has concentration of NOx in the exhaust up to
≈1000 mg/Nm3 (Pha Lai Thermal Power JSC annual report, 06/2013).
- Air quality inside the Line.1: According to the periodical survey report in
the environment of the Line.1, the amount of coal dust in the port area is 6.04 6.18 mg/m3 higher than 6 mg/m3 limit allowed on occupational standards
(Decision No 3733/2002/QD-BYT of the Ministry of Health). According to the
survey, the reason is that the loading of coal at many ports are scattered, as well
as shed slightly off coal hopper coal fell off the ground.
- Air quality outside Line.1: According to the periodical survey report in
the environment of the Line.1, the air quality around the Line.1 is at 1-4 km from
the chimney generally met QCVN 05:2009/MTNMT. Some locations have
higher concentrations of dust limit (300 micrograms/m3) in the area of Line.1
approximately 2 yards includes:
- Golf recruitment Cao Cuong slag, in Binh Giang reservoir, higher than
the limit of 10 micrograms/m3 - 15 g/m3.
23
- Golf recruits approximately Bac Son in Binh Giang lake, the higher limit
of 20 micrograms/m3 - 30 g/m3.
- On the Binh Giang slag dam, higher than the limit of 80 micrograms/m3
- 230 micrograms/m3.
- On the Khe Lang slag dam, higher than the limit of 220 micrograms/m3 320 micrograms/m3.
4.2.2. Current status of wastewater.
- Production’s wastewater: is one of the factors affecting the surrounding
environment of Pha Lai Thermal Power JSC, discharged a large amount of waste,
and is estimated as follows:
+ 65-70% of the total waste water from the cooler and turbine engines.
+ 25-30% of the water from the pump ash.
+ 3-5% of the total volume of wastewater from the production department
and other losses due to evaporation.
- Ash waste water contains large amount of heavy metals, high hardness.
Wastewater ash cannot be used for domestic purposes, when poured into the Kinh
Thay River will contribute to pollution of river water. Waste water cooled at high
temperature, the first water channel can be up to 38.5oC, and the last channel is 28oC.
- Domestic wastewater is processed (filtered, neutralized ...) before
discharging waste water ditch. According to the analysis results of water quality
at the point of discharge of domestic wastewater into the environment, the
environmental report periodic survey of the Line.1and the water quality of treated
domestic wastewater ensure QCVN 14:2008/BTNMT Regulations National
technical domestic wastewater.
24
Table 4.3. Quality of domestic wastewater after processing of Line.1
No.
Parameter
Unit
QCVN
14:2008/BTNMT (B)
Line.1 –Pha
Lai Thermal
Power JSC
-
6 – 9.0
6,68
Taste
mg/l
No flavor
No flavor
3
Colors
mg/l
<15
5
4
Turbidity
mg/l
5
1,05
5
Stiffness
mg/l
350
24
6
KMnO4 parameter
mg/l
4
0,32
7
NH3
mg/l
3
0,01
8
Clo residual
mg/l
0,3-0,5
0,05
9
CL-
mg/l
300
0,002
10
Florua
mg/l
1,5
0,07
11
Fe
mg/l
0,5
0.41
12
As
mg/l
0,05
0,0002
13
E.coli
mg/l
0
0
14
Colifom
mg/l
50
0
1
pH
2
- Industrial wastewater
Type of contaminated industrial wastewater was taken for treatment.
There are two levels of processing: processing of crude and refined process to
separate oil from waste water. The clean oil is discharged into the waste water
channel, and oil recovery will be returned to the oil tank of the Line.1.
The different type of waste water is taken to addiction treatment systems
and industrial water is recycled after processing. The quality of wastewater
contaminated after processing to ensure QCVN 40:2011/BTNMT National
Technical Standards for industrial wastewater.
25
Table 4.4.the quality of wastewater contaminated after processing of Line.1
Concentration
No
Parameter
Unit
allows QCVN
40:2011/BTNMT
(B)
Line.1 –Pha Lai
Thermal Power
JSC
1
pH
-
6 – 9.0
7,18
2
BOD5 (1)
mg/l
50
5
3
COD (2)
mg/l
150
13
4
TSS
mg/l
100
28
5
NH3-N
mg/l
10
0.06
6
T-N
mg/l
40
2
7
T-P
mg/l
6
0.3
8
Phenol
mg/l
0,5
0,002
9
Cu
mg/l
2
0,0017
10
Fe
mg/l
5
0,19
11
Asen
mg/l
0,1
0.0012
12
Mangan
mg/l
1
0,009
13
Crom (VI)
mg/l
0,1
0.004
14
Crom (III)
mg/l
1
0,016
15
Clorua
mg/l
900
0,07
16
Oil & fat
mg/l
10
0,09
17
Clo residual
mg/l
1,8
0,1
18
Florua
mg/l
10
0,003
19
Total coliform
MPN/100
ml
710
5000
4.2.3. Noise and vibration
Production activities of Pha Lai Thermal JSC Line.1 polluting noise with
different types of sources: wind, coal crusher, reducing pressure boilers,
26
compressors etc. In the process of design experts apply the solution structure and
shielding to reduce the impact of noise on the workers and in the surrounding area.
Survey results and report Periodical Environmental Survey of Line.1–Pha
Lai Thermal Power JSC shows the noise level in the area of the turbine is
approximately 99.1dBA space and water circulation pump 90dBA higher than
the limits specified maximum noise level of 85dBA at positions of ISO
3985:1999.
Vibration in other areas of the Line.1 ranged from 0.02 to 0.05 m/s2 in the
frequency range of 0.039 to 0.06 31,5Hz and 1 m/s2 in the frequency range of 63
Hz is less than the limit allowed time plays in two bands 31,5Hz and 63Hz is
1.25 m/s2 and 2, 5 m/s2 in accordance with ISO 5126:1990.
4.2.4. Solid waste
Includes 2 types:
+ From household waste and office in one year it account for 450 tons.
+ Waste produced including: carbon coal ash spilled +.
4.3. Comparison between the requirements of ISO 14001 with the current
status of EMS at Line.1–Pha Lai Thermal Power JSC and propose to apply
an EMS follows ISO 14001
Table 4.5. Comparison between requirements of No 4.1 with current status
of EMS at Line.1
Requirement
4.1 General requirement
- The organization shall establish, in
writing, implementation, maintenance
and continuous improvement of
environmental management system in
accordance with the requirements of
this standard and determine how to
fulfill these requirements.
- Organizations must identify and
document
the
scope
of
the
environmental management system.
Current status of EMS at Line.1
- Line.1 does not set and establish
documentation,
implementation
maintenance
for
continuous
improvement of EMS, all documents
is periodic reports only, tests and
measurements are not in accordance
with the requirements of ISO 14001.
- The Line.1 has not documented the
scope of its EMS.
27
Proposed solutions
- Requirement 4.1: General requirements: Leaders should establish an EMS to
implement, maintain and to continuously improve their periodic reports, test
instrumentation and operating requirements of ISO 14001. All documents,
measurement test results and other references should be stored and regularly checked.
Table 4.6. Comparison between requirement 4.2 environmental policies with
current status of EMS at Line.1
Requirement
4.2 environmental policy
Setting environmental policy; Things to
keep in mind when setting policy as
appropriate to the nature and size of the
Line.1, showing a commitment to
prevent pollution and continuous
improvement, compliance with the
requirements
of
environmental
legislation etc... And shall be made in
writing.
Proposed solutions
Current status of EMS at Line.1.
- Line.1 don’t have environmental
policies as requested by ISO 14001, but
the Line.1 is planning to improve
environmental orientation and is a
verbally committed that can be the
starting point for establishing EMS.
- No environmental policy
- Requirement 4.2: Environmental Policy
The Line.1 should develop environmental policies that follow the
requirements of the ISO 14001 standards, which should demonstrate its
commitment to pollution prevention, compliance with the requirements of law
and its continuous improvement.
Environmental Policy (EP) of the Line.1 must be documented, signed by
the Director and disseminated to all employees of the Line.1 as well as to
external concerns. The Line.1 should have a printed form enclosed with this
policy to document employee training and widely distributed outside. Organizing
meetings EP released. The top management communicated, explained the EP
representatives of departments and sections. Heads of departments, managers and
employees of the Line.1 are responsible for communicating and explaining EP to
the employees of his department. EP is included in the training program for 3
months/1 time.
28
Post memos and banners of EP and other environmental content in visible
locations such as bulletin boards, offices, cafeterias, conference rooms, around
the work area, doors, etc.
Regularly check environmental policy: the role of environmental
management committee should review the EP of the Line.1 at least twice a year.
Periodically update the policy should there be any changes on the information
and content.
Table 4.7. Comparison between requirement 4.3 planning with current
status of EMS at Line.1
Requirement 4.3 planning
Current status of EMS at Line.1.
4.3.1 Environmental aspects.
- Identify environmental aspects - During operation, the Line.1 has created
(EA), and environmental impact the environmental aspects, caused adverse
assessment.
impacts to the environment and humans
such as dust exhaust emissions, noise, solid
waste, and hazardous waste and water
waste.
- Introduce measures to control EA - Line.1 is capturing the environmental
significance
and
must
be impact based on the table identified in
considered when setting goals.
environmental aspects, but does not have
- Written procedures "Identify EA any procedures identified in environmental
and
environmental
impact aspects of activities, products or services of
assessment."
the Line.1. However, Line.1 have installed
equipment to control pollution such as
chimneys, ventilators, ...
- Update and store those contents - No determination procedure.
on the changes.
4.3.2 Legal requirement and other
requirements.
- Determining the legal and other - The Line.1 has updated and complied
requirements of the Line.1’s with legal requirements and other
environment must comply.
environmental requirements such as
QCVN14:2008/BTNMT national technical
standards for domestic wastewater, QCVN
40:2011/BTNMT of wastewater quality
contaminated after processing, ISO
3985:1999 for noise and vibration TCVN
5126:1990. But just updated environmental
monitoring reports periodically.
- Written procedures "Determining - No determination procedure.
the legal and other requirements."
29
4.3.3. Objectives, targets and
environmental
management
programs.
- Setting goals and objectives,
environmental
disclosure
in
writing.
- Develop implementation plans to
achieve
these
objectives,
environmental indicators.
- The Line.1 has not built objectives,
environmental
indicators
and
implementation plan.
- However, the Line.1 was built and
implemented
to
minimize
the
environmental impact and ensure the
quality of effluent, equipped with dust
handling system, ESP systems, and
wastewater after treatment discharged into
Binh Giang reservoir.
Proposed solutions
-
Requirement 4.3.1: Environmental aspects
The Line.1 should establish procedures for determining environmental
aspects, thus generating environmental aspects significance (activities cause a
significant impact on the environment) caused by activities in all parts of the
Line.1. The Line.1 can be based on the results of environmental impact
assessment as a basis previously established procedures. Procedures and
regulations should be written clearly, including how to identify and evaluate the
environmental aspects to the key personnel of the department that can assess
aspects and environmental impacts of his department as well as related activities.
The assessment of environmental aspects should also be checked and
corrected for any changes in the products, services or activities in the Line.1.
Establish, implement and maintain procedures and guidelines for identifying
environmental aspects (EA), the impact of these aspects and criteria for
determining environmental aspects mean. Implementing EA in the whole Line.1
and impact assessment of the environmental aspects identified; determining
significant environmental aspects.
Requirement 4.3.2: Legal requirements and other requirements
- The Line.1 should establish procedures to identify and update the legal
requirements and other environmental requirements relating to the operation. The
Line.1 needs to write the rules and periodic access clearly, update and
management as well as handling the legal documents on the environment, and
assign specific responsibilities to individuals / departments to perform the tasks.
30
- The Line.1 should establish a list of laws and requirements related to
environmental issues. The legislation should specify the name, issuing agency,
date of issue, the effective date and the aspects, it is about relevant content. Legal
documents must be updated monthly or when there are changes.
Requirements 4.3.3: Objectives, targets and environmental programs.
- To meet the requirements of ISO 14001, the Line.1 should set goals and
environmental indicators the Line.1 need in order to improve their environmental
performance in the construction process, the application and the only
maintenance of environmental management systems. The goals and targets set
should be consistent with the environmental policy, environmental aspects and
with the overall objectives of the Line.1.
- When setting goals and targets, the Line.1 should consider these factors
(technological, financial, human and legal requirements) to ensure that the goals
and targets set feasible.
- Environmental management program must be in writing with written
consent of the board of Line.1, workshops and departments and should establish
their plans to implement the program management for the environment.
- Environmental management program must be developed and updated to
reflect changes of the activities, products or services of the Line.1.
Environmental management program is the plan of action to achieve the goals
and environmental indicators.
- Environmental management program must be made in writing and take
actions. Specify implementation responsibility, tasks, completion time and
resources required. Implementation responsibilities include the primary
responsibility, the support staff involved and departmental support.
- The environmental management program must be reviewed annually
and when necessary to promptly adapt to any changes. When completed, set a
new target. The environmental management program must also change or
terminate respectively, replaced by a new program accordingly. Information and
regularly update the environmental management program to the environment
committee.
31
Table 4.8.Comparison between requirement 4.4 implementing and operating
with the current status of EMS at Line.1
Requirement 4.4 Implementing and
operating.
4.4.1 Resources, roles, responsibility
and authority.
- Leadership guaranteed to provide the
necessary resources to establish,
implement, maintain and continually
improve EMS.
- Identify, in writing, notify the role,
responsibilities and powers of the
individual, department of EMS.
4.4.2 Competence, training and
awareness.
- Identify training needs of the
environment.
Conduct
awareness
training
environment for staff and employees in
the Line.1.
- Evaluate effectiveness after training.
- Written procedures for training.
4.4.3 Communication
- Establish channels of internal
communication between departments,
rooms and parts of Line.1.
- Develop external communications
with other Line.1, contractors and other
environmental organizations.
- Written communication procedures.
4.4.4 The documentation
- Construction materials system of the
Line.1 environment must include:
+ Policy, objectives and environmental
indicators.
+ Describe the scope of the EMS.
+ Environmental Handbook - describes
the core elements of the EMS and their
interaction.
Current status of EMS at Line.1
- Currently, the Line.1 has
environmental
management
department under the Department of
Safety, but the amount is relatively
small. Major work of environmental
staff is collecting garbage and
cleaning inside and outside the Line.1
and collect coal ash after burning
material.
- No determination procedure.
- Training needs of Line.1s in the
environment is mainly focused on
basic compliance requirements on
environmental protection.
- The whole staffs in the Line.1 only
trained on fire prevention (FP) and
annual Line.1s have implemented the
environmental protection movement
launched by EVN.
- No evaluation results of sanitation
in each Line.1.
- No training procedures.
- Line.1 made systems of internal
communication
between
the
departments, workshops through the
local telephone network. Line.1 has 2
ways communication device. There
are also reporting such cases,
briefings, reports periodically ...)
- The external communication is
mainly by phone, email, and fax.
- No communication procedures.
The Line.1 has system to manage
records and documentation, system
documentation including reports of
environmental quality monitoring
periodic,
measurements
of
environmental
parameters
and
guidelines:
+ Separate collection, transport and
storage of waste.
32
+ Develop procedures prescribed steps + Safety operates machinery, fire.
of the environmental movement.
+ Fire of each workshop and office
- Guiding job.
blocks.
+ Calendar disinfect, deodorize and
Line.1 hygiene.
4.4.5 Controlling documents
- Currently, the Line.1’s material has
- Give way to writing document, no regulations on how to writing and
controlling environmental documents controlling environmental documents.
includes: Ensuring legal documents Document’s management is shared
efficiency, ease of use, methods and with other material and does not have
appropriate retention period.
the distribution area conservation of
old and new documents. The Line.1
hasn’t distinguished the documents/
records which are used and obsolete.
4.4.6 Controlling and operating
The
Line.1
has
implemented
- The Line.1 has measures to control measures to control environmental
significant
environmental
aspects: pollution such as:
Control the use of natural resources: • Construction of wastewater
coal, oil, energy, electricity, water, treatment systems production and
chemicals, paper ...; waste management domestic
wastewater
standards:
and environmental sanitation.
QCVN14:2008/BTNMT
national
- Writing the control procedures on technical regulations for domestic
operating activities.
wastewater,
QCVN
40:
- Building control procedures relating 2011/BTNMT of oil-contaminated
to the supply environment.
waste water quality after treatment
• Control of solid waste management
and installation by burying part is
shipped.
• Installation of the gas handling
system in the exhaust but according
to survey results showed that the
Line.1 has no measurement, analysis,
or formal calculation of the
concentration of toxic gases in the
flue gas before chimney QCVN
22:2009/BTNMT new Line.1 limited
to measuring the concentration of air
pollutants inside and outside the
Line.1 fence.
•
Equipped
with
firefighting
equipment and fire fighting training
throughout the Line.1.
However Line.1 not done a good job
of managing odors and gases. The
Line.1 is not built control procedures
and operating. No control procedures
33
4.4.7 The preparedness and emergency
response.
- Establishing, implementing and
maintaining procedures to determine the
emergency status of Line.1.
- Introduce measures to respond when
there is an emergency.
- Training and practicing, preventing
and mitigating the impact when an
emergency occurs.
- Writing procedures "Preparedness and
emergency response"
- Periodically review and if necessary
revise the above procedure.
relating to vendor environment, not to
mention the environmental problems
in the purchase transaction.
- The
Line.1
was
identified
emergencies such as fire, explosion
capacitors, chemical spills. Had
documentation emergency:
• Responding to chemical spill
• Practice fire
- Equip the device to respond to fire
condition such as sirens, emergency
exits, fire extinguishers ...
- Line.1 hasn’t had training and
practice for environmental staff on
how to identify the EA and solutions
when emergencies occur.
Doesn't
have
procedure
on
"Preparedness emergency response"
Proposed solutions:
Requirements 4.4.1: Structure and responsibility
+ Representatives of environmental leadership, the project team
implemented ISO 14001 should be clearly defined powers and responsibilities in
the development, application and maintenance of the environmental management
system according to ISO 14001. The role and environmental responsibilities of
the position of the Line.1 should also be specified, in writing and notified to all
members of the Line.1 to understand and implement.
+ Leaders must ensure the provision of necessary resources for
establishing,
implementing,
maintaining
and
improving
environmental
management committee. These include human resources and specialized skills,
infrastructure, Line.1, technology and financial resources. Human resources
should include: 1 is the first representative of the Deputy Director, Head or
Deputy departments, Foremen, 4-5 members of Environmental Office and need a
staff member from financial and accounting room, this person will be responsible
for monitoring, financial calculations and expenses related to the operation of the
Line.1’s environment.
- Requirements 4.4.2: Training, awareness and competence
34
+ The Line.1 needs to identify training needs and conduct environmental
awareness training for environmental protection for all workers, as well as the
responsibilities of each person for activist’s environmental protection.
+ In addition to the general awareness training program of the
environment and environmental management systems, factories also need to
identify some of the potentially significant impact on the environment in order to
devise measures legal training, training programs and intensive especially
relevant to those who undertake the task to ensure that they are fully capable of
performing the job effectively, for example in the work slag waste management,
solid waste management and wastewater treatment and emergency ... to lessen
the risks and damages, trained to respond to emergencies is an important task.
The preparedness and response to emergencies; this type of training should be
accompanied by theoretical training to practice maneuvers. The training content
includes:
- Meet the phenomenon of spillage, leakage of chemicals.
- Fire prevention.
- Occupational accidents...
After training, consider the results of the training by examining the
practical application, or through the performance of the trainees after some time.
- Requirements 4.4.3: Communication
The Line.1 should establish procedures for internal communication
between departments and with external environmental, EM Board should:
- Announcement of information for EMS personnel throughout the Line.1.
- Information about the department of environmental law issues and
environmental regulations related to the operation of the Line.1.
- Information and training needs of workers to the room of Administrative
Personnel (AP) planning and implementation support.
- Information elements of the EMS, the significantly AE to the Line.1
bulletin board.
- Set the internal line to provide information about EMS, receiving
questions, feedback from departments and workshops.
- Making information channels when there is an emergency.
35
- The communication should be brief, clear and understandable to the
recipient to implement the requirements.
- The process of communications must be made in writing, clearly defined
responsibility to receive and process information; the requirement should be a
prompt response following the procedures set out.
- Inform to officers and employees by loudspeakers. At the same time, the
manager should normally hold meetings with heads to convey the requirement of
the leadership to staff.
Post pictures of the operation of the Line.1’s environment such as
firefighting drills, guidance on labor safety, waste separation at source of news
on the Line.1. Post banners calling for all employees respond positively to
environmental performance of the Line.1 such as fire protection, waste separation
at source, Contact via telephone, email, and fax.
- Requirements 4.4.4: Document Management System environment
+ The documentation of the environmental management system of the
Line.1 must clearly describe the core elements of the system as well as giving
instructions to the relevant documents.
+ The Line.1 can combine several procedures with the procedures of the
quality management system to minimize the occurrence of paperwork and
duplication in the overall management system.
+ There are also guidelines to make good indication of activity, usually
with clear step guide to help people follow, such as classification guidelines,
collection and storage of waste ash and solid waste production and safety
guidelines used equipment, machinery, electrical and guide responses to
chemical spills...
+ Manual document environment is the foundation of the EMS, which
provides an overview of the elements of the system include the requirements of
ISO14001, is Line.1 description and implementation.
+ The environmental procedures: the rules of the operating system, is
made in writing, require the application and maintain systems to ensure effective
36
operation and continuous improvement. The procedure described in detail the
steps taken by EMS elements outlined in the manual environment.
+ Profile: the information recorded during the operation, it as evidence to
review or consider improving the system.
Requirements 4.4.5: Controlling documents
The Line.1 should adopt a document management system of quality
control for environmental management systems ISO 14001 requirement of two
almost identical systems. However, to consider and modify to suit all 2 systems
and the system should pay attention to signs and symbols of the material to be
able to distinguish and control documentation of each system.
Pha Lai should comply with the requirements of controlling the
document follows ISO 14001 include:
+ Documents to the right place.
+ The document should be reviewed periodically, approval, when required
and approved by the competent authority.
+ All documents must be reviewed at least once year and revise as
necessary as possible.
+ The current version of the document must be available when needed.
+The document is no longer used to remove immediately to avoid user
inadvertently.
- Requirements 4.4.6: Controlling the operational.
+ Control activities related to all employees that their job functions can
cause significant impact to the environment. To better control operating
procedures, write the guide, illustrate the daily activities that affect the
environment.
+ The Line.1 should establish procedures to monitor the environmental
aspects of significant operational processes and equipment in the Line.1 as the
procedures for waste control, sewage, and related equipment environmental,
chemical, energy. In addition, the Line.1 should also establish procedures or
regulations to control the activities of contractors and suppliers working in
factories may have a significant impact on the environment.
37
- Requirement 4.4.7: The preparedness and response to emergencies
+ The Line.1 needs to identify potential emergency situations since then
prepare response plans, equipment and tools necessary to be ready to meet the
emergency situation in order to minimize the adverse impact on the environment.
Environment staffs along with the growth of the departments in the Line.1 to
assess and identify incidents that may occur during the production of the Line.1.
It is expected to have accidents and case emergencies that may occur in the
Line.1. Construction plans for prevention and remediation when problems occur.
+ A team to respond to emergencies, and assignment of responsibilities,
training under the plan proposed. Perform rescue incident occurred. The Board of
Directors is responsible for reviewing and approving the plan to meet the
emergency and appoint worker emergency response of the Line.1.
+ Environmental staff of the Line.1is responsible for establishing, implementing
and maintaining plans for emergency response and coordination of activities.
+ The Line.1 should also make a list of external organizations should
contact the emergency occurs. For fire protection, the Line.1 should conduct a
rehearsal for the entire staff to check the awareness of people when an
emergency happens to be the maximum limit losses of life and property.
Table 4.9.Comparison between requirements 4.5 Checking with the current
status of EMS at Line.1
Requirement 4.5 Checking
Current status of EMS at Line.1.
4.5.1 Monitoring and measurement.
- Establish, implement and maintain
procedures for monitoring and
measuring on the basis of the key
characteristics
of
significantly
activities impact to environment.
- Monitoring and measuring the results
of the environmental movement,
control and operating objectives,
environmental indicators
- Supervise the daily work: sorting
garbage, garbage collection, cleaning
and
hygiene,
sterilization,
deodorization ...
- Line.1 has conducted monitoring
data for domestic waste, hazardous
waste; however the frequency is
twice a year.
- To measure the quality of effluent
thrice a week, exhaust every 6
months.
- There is monitored and recorded
records
checks
monthly
environmental sanitation of each
workshop and office blocks.
- There
perform
equipment
maintenance,
perform
testing,
calibration equipment.
38
- Monitoring and measurement of
environmental indicators: waste water,
waste gas, the volume of material, the
micro-climate factors, the amount of
chemical ...
Environmental
monitoring
equipment must be calibrated and
maintained regularly.
- Written procedures "Monitoring and
Measurement"
4.5.2 Assessment of compliance with
legal
requirements
and
other
requirements.
-Establish, implement and maintain
procedures to assess the level of
compliance with relevant legal
requirements.
- Assess the level of compliance with
other
requirements
that
the
organization is committed.
- Saving the periodic assessment files
- No procedure "Monitoring and
Measurement".
Line.1
unrealized
assesses
compliance with legal requirements
and
other
environmental
requirements.
- The results of environmental
monitoring are performed every 6
months/1 time, and the assessment of
the level of compliance with the
requirements of the law are made
through checks of the authorities.
- An organized record keeping
evaluated periodically.
- No procedure "Corrective and
preventive actions"
- The
mismatches
in
the
environmental management of the
Line.1
are
identified
through
environmental
personnel
and
functions from the external unit.
- Not finding the causes and
implement preventive action to
eliminate the cause, does not
guarantee that a mismatch occurs
again.
- No record of "corrective action and
preventive"
- Line.1 doesn't have procedures for
environmental control records.
- Line.1 doesn't have record-keeping
methods in accordance with the
requirements of ISO 14001.
4.5.3 Nonconformity, corrective and
preventive actions.
Establish
and
implement
maintenance procedures related to the
inappropriate actual and potential to
implement corrective actions and
preventive. This procedure requires:
+ Investigate the inconsistencies;
determine
the
cause
of
the
nonconformity.
+ Provide corrective action preventive and record keeping.
Considering the effectiveness of the
implementation of the action.
4.5.4 Controlling records.
Establish, implement and maintain the
necessary records to demonstrate
compliance with the requirements of
the organization's EMS. Written
procedures
for
controlling
environmental profile including the
storage, preservation, restoration,
storage and remove them.
4.5.5 Internal audit.
- Line.1
unrealized
internal
39
- Planning for internal environmental
assessment
- Develop and train internal review.
- Implementation, internal audit
reports.
- Written procedures "internal rating"
environmental
assessment
in
accordance with ISO 14001.
- No building and training of
internal assessment.
- The environmental assessment
form only reminders and check.
- No procedure "internal rating"
Proposed solutions
- Requirement 4.5.1: Monitoring and Measurement
- The Line.1 should established procedures to monitor and measure based
on the approval of the Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Hai
Duong and the elements of the activities that affect the environment, determine
the frequency, time, location and method of monitoring ...
- In the monitoring and measurement procedures, Line.1 should mention
compliance with the requirements of the law, the operations, objectives and
environmental indicators.
Line.1 shall establish, implement and maintain procedures for monitoring
and measuring the EMS to ensure compliance with the regulations and
environmental legislation. Therefore the Line.1needs to perform monitoring and
measuring the following factors:
+ Using water and energy.
+ Using raw materials, fuels and chemicals.
+ Indicators of waste, emissions, waste water.
+ The corrective and preventive actions.
+ The air pollutants: COx, NOx, H2S, H2SO4 vapor, SO2, dust, noise,...
+ The microclimate factors: temperature, light, humidity, ...
+ Number of times the incident spilled chemicals, labor accidents, ...
- In addition, the Line.1 has used the tools, test equipment effluent quality
as the gauge BOD, COD, pH, titration machine; ESP system, slag waste
treatment systems were tested and calibrated periodically.
- Requirement4.5.2: Nonconformity and corrective actions prevention.
- The Line.1 should define rights and responsibilities in the control and
investigation of inappropriate and take corrective action, preventive, take action
40
to minimize the impact on the environment. The corrective actions, precautions
should also be consistent with the level of problems.
- To make an EMS more completely, the Line.1 must establish, implement
and maintain procedures for identifying inconsistencies in the actual and
potential, while conducting corrective and preventive action. Procedures for
corrective and preventive must meet the following requirements:
+ Look at the problem in fact which is happening and the potential
problems.
+ Identify and write down the root cause of the problem.
+ Proposed remedies identify resources needed to fix the problem,
perform recovery, monitoring the results of implementation, monitoring and
documenting corrective actions and preventive.
+ The Line.1 should establish procedures to monitor remedial measures.
Keep records of corrective and preventive actions.
- Requirement4.5.3: Profile
- The records related to the environmental management system of the
Line.1 should be kept prescribed manner to avoid loss.
- Line.1should establishes, implement and control of EMS records. The
environmental profile must meet the following requirements:
+ Storage regulations
+ Easy to read, clear and easy to find when needed.
+ It is possible to identify and track the activities and services.
+ Be safe storage, prevent loss, damage or lost.
- Requirement 4.5.4: Assess the EMS
+ The Line.1 should establish internal procedures for evaluating EMS combined with
the internal review procedures of quality management systems existing factories.
Assessment procedures must address the scope, frequency and methods of assessment,
accountability, and steps taken to assess and report assessment results.
+ In the near future the Line.1 should create a capable team of enthusiasm for
environmental education and environmental assessment of EMS’s internal of the
41
Line.1. The Line.1 can use the auditors of quality systems and training, coaching
staff auditors into the internal environment.
Table 4.10.Comparison between requirement 4.6 considerations of
leadership with current status of EMS at Line.1
Requirement 4.6 consideration of
Current status of EMS at Line.1.
leadership
- Board
of
periodically - The
Directors
review the operation of the EMS:
+
Environment
Policy
no
Line.1
considers
the
environmental sanitation problems in
longer the Line.1 every month.
relevant?
- The content of the meeting around
+ The results of internal audits and the results of the management of
assess the level of compliance.
+
The
performance
waste, waste water, air, safety, food
objectives, safety and hygiene, disinfection work
environmental indicators.
deodorant ...
+ Exchange information with external
stakeholders, including complaints.
+ The corrective action and preventive.
+
The
proposed
environmental
improvements.
+
Planning
implementation
of
environmental activities in the future.
Proposed solutions
- Requirement 4.6: Review of leadership
+ A review of EMS’s leaders of the Line.1 to ensure that EMS is always
consistent and validity. The review shall be conducted at least 3 months/time and
chaired by the Director, (usually after internal review and summation operations
after years and 6 months of the year) when detected and suspected improper
management within the EMS will conduct a review of emergency.
42
+ Based on the assessment of EMS, the Line.1 manager make decisions
and actions related to the necessary changes that can occur in the policy,
objectives and targets as well as the elements EMS and other commitments
consistent with the continuous improvement of the Line.1.
+ A review of leadership should consider the need to change the policy,
objectives, targets and other elements of the environmental management system.
+ The meeting of leaders needs to consider other factors that may affect
the environmental management system of the Line.1, such as a change in the law,
the views of interested parties, changes in product or technology, lessons learned
from environmental incidents or safety.
43
PART V. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION
5.1. Discussion
One of the aims of this thesis was to understand the main obstacles that
influence the implementation of ISO 14001 in Line.1 - Pha Lai Thermal Power
JSC. The factors that influence the implementation of ISO 14001 and the
environmental performance of Line.1 - Pha Lai Thermal Power JSC could be
divided into two groups: internal and external.
The main internal obstacles were related to human resources, mentality of
the organization and ISO14001 complexity. However, none of the respondents
considered lack of financial resources as a problem during ISO 14001
implementation. This is despite the fact that many of them use consultancy as an
external service, which can be expensive.
In the opinion of companies’ managers, environmental awareness and
working habits of employees are detrimental to the EMS process. Even after
training takes place, many employees do not see the benefits of changing their
old work habits. This can be seen as a lack of proper communication. Every
organization mentioned communication between different employees as a barrier,
although many different forms of communication such as info meetings, emails
etc were used to present EMS.
ISO 14001 often means new procedures and bureaucracy which needs to
be communicated effectively to all parts of the business organization. According
to the results from the questionnaire, complexity of ISO 14001 could be
considered as a barrier. This complexity is often difficult to convey, resulting in
misunderstanding of the procedures.
As mentioned before the difficulties that influence ISO 14001
implementation could be divided into two: and the second part of these
difficulties is external. The main external barriers, which occurred, were lack of
sector
specific
implementation
information
and
examples,
inadequate
institutional quality to assist companies and pressure from external interest
groups. According to the opinions of the various companies’ managers, it is very
44
important to use information from other companies experiences in ISO 14001
implementation.
Another obstacle that influences EMS implementation is external interest
groups. The pressure to comply with these standards, exerted on suppliers of large
businesses, is one of the reasons companies begin to implement ISO 14001.
According to the questionnaire results, almost all respondents claimed
competitiveness and promotion of self image through certification to be an important
reason for implementing EMS, because an ISO 14001 certificate would fulfill more
contractors’ requirements. However, one respondent declared that not all customers
are willing to pay more for environmentally friendly product. This does not
necessarily increase the project budget, but increases the likelihood of acquiring the
project.
A strong customer base is important, but also are reliable subcontractors.
These issues lead to the objectives that companies set in their environmental
plan. Respondents named reduced natural resource usage and consumption,
consuming environmental friendly materials, waste management and recycling
and raising environmental awareness of employees and subcontractors etc. as
some of these objectives. Not all companies were able to fulfill aims and targets
initially set. Approximately 50 percent of respondents claimed that their
environmental plan has been successfully targeted. Monitoring consumption of
coal, oil, electricity, amounts of waste, water, fuel and production of waste was
mentioned as ways to indicate if established aims were met, although, only 25
percent of companies tracked this information. This indicates that actual
environmental performance improvement is not the main focus for adopting the
ISO 14001.
5.2. Conclusion
This thesis investigated the problems that may occur during EMS
implementation in the Line.1 - Pha Lai Thermal JSC and points out
recommendations for EMS implementation. Also indicated are the main reasons
that compel companies to implement ISO 14001. There have been a lot of
speculations on the drivers of companies adopting ISO 14001. The results show
45
that the main reasons for implementing ISO 14001 at Line.1 - Pha Lai Thermal
JSC are staying in competition, to improve company image and to deal with
environmental issues.
Furthermore, criticism towards ISO 14001 for not being the driving force
for gaining environmental benefits is justified. Only about 50 percent of the
companies fulfilled their environmental objectives and targets, although all
participating firms were certified. Since half of the companies did not meet their
environmental goals, obstacles presented themselves, which reduced the chances
for success. According to the results more than 70 percent of the participants had
seen obstacles when implementing ISO 14001. These consisted of internal and
external factors, of which the internal issues were dominant.
Working habits, employee awareness and attitude towards environmental
issues are key examples of these internal problems. To combat internal obstacles,
construction companies appear to need guidance and support. Support from
governmental agencies and consultants to help improve training and overall
knowledge of the ISO 14001 standard can be an effective way of overcoming these
issues.
This help can lead to more effective communication between all employees,
which can change their attitudes and awareness. As pointed out, an ISO 14001
certificate does not guarantee improved environmental performance in the Line.1 Pha Lai Thermal JSC; firms use this certificate as a superficial means of showing the
appearance of improved environmental performance to gain market value.
Simplifying ISO 14001 processes and increasing the knowledge of how
environmental consideration can increase the economic performance of the
construction industry, could persuade companies to be more serious about their
environmental impacts.
46
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APPENDIXES
Appendixes 1. Collector system of Line.1 has degraded
Appendixes 2. Collector system of Line.1 has degraded
1
Appendixes 3. Untreated wastewater is discharged into the environment
Appendixes 4. Reservoir untreated wastewater
Appendixes 5. BLB - clarifier sludge
Appendixes 6. Road to the Binh Giang lake
Appendixes 7. Ash landfill
Appendixes 8. Ash landfill