Brainstorm: In groups of 3 or 4 come up with as many benefits of regular physical activity as you can think of! Select someone to write all your groups ideas down. You have 10 minutes! Benefits of Regular Physical Activity Physical Social Mental Condition of your body Increases/Improves: Strength Endurance Bone Strength/Density Energy Health & Lung Endurance Posture Sleep Life Expectancy Decreases: Illnesses/Sickness Blood Pressure Body Fat Relationships Provides opportunities to meet new people Share in a common goal Develop a strong connection or bond with others Time to be with friends Learn about teamwork Learn compromise Dealing w/problems = Emotions Improves psychological well-being Mood Confidence Self-Esteem Self-Image Alertness Reduces Stress Set challenging but realistic goals Choose exercises to best help you reach your goals Begin exercising at a comfortable level Do a variety of exercises Follow the Training Principles: ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ Principle of Warm up Principle of Cool down Principle of Specificity Principle of Overload Principle of Progression Principle of Fitness Reversibility Warm-up Specificity A workout should include a specific type of exercise to gain the desired fitness benefit 5-10 minutes of easy exercise to warm and stretch muscles & increase blood flow TRAINING Overload Workout must include exercise beyond what is usually done to gain additional fitness benefits PRINCIPLES Fitness Reversibility Progression Fitness Benefits are lost when training stops Amount and intensity of exercise in a workout must be increased gradually Cool-Down 5-10 minutes of reduced exercise to help the heart rate & breathing rate, temperature, & circulation return to normal Your Exercise Prescription Very similar to a medical prescription. A medical prescription will include the name of the medicine, the dose needed, and how often the medicine should be taken. The exercise prescription is a breakdown of how often you need to work, how hard, the length of time per session, and the type of activity or exercise performed. These factors of exercise prescription are referred to as the principles of training or FITT principles. DEFINITION: Guidelines that help you set up a workout routine to fit your goals and fitness level Help you get the most out of your exercise program Refers to the number of times per week you engage in physical activity or exercise. HOW OFTEN Refers to the difficulty or exertion level of your physical activity or exercise. HOW HARD Target Heart Rate 220-Age Refers to the duration of a single workout, usually measured in minutes or hours. HOW LONG Refers to the particular type of physical activity or exercise you choose to do. WHAT KIND Exercise is planned, structured and repetitive bodily movement done to improve or maintain one or more of the 5 components 2 main kinds of exercise: ◦ Aerobic ◦ Anaerobic Consists of 5 components of Health Related Fitness Vigorous, rhythmical, sustained activity that improves heart/lung function and body composition Burns a lot of calories! Anaerobic means “without air” or “without oxygen.” Short-lasting, high-intensity activity, body’s demand for oxygen exceeds the oxygen supply available. Uses energy sources stored in the muscles Examples include: ◦ Weight Lifting ◦ All types of sprints (running, biking, etc.) ◦ Interval training ◦ Any rapid burst of hard exercise. 5 Components of Health-Related Fitness Cardio-Respiratory Endurance Muscular Strength Muscular Endurance Flexibility Body Composition • The ability of the circulatory and respiratory systems to supply oxygen during continuous physical activity • Helps your heart and lungs function more efficiently and improved your metabolic rate Frequency ◦ 3-5 times per week Intensity ◦ 60-85% of target heart rate zone Time ◦ 20-60 minutes per session Type ◦ Any aerobic activity that increases heart rate Running/Pacer Jumping Rope Soccer Ultimate Football Biking Dancing Lance Armstrong-Tour de France ◦ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FXPXH K7I1iQ The maximum amount of force a muscle can produce in a single effort How much you can lift, pull, push How much power or force can you exert ANEROBIC EXERCISE Frequency Intensity ◦ 2-4 times per week ◦ Heavier weight with less repetitions Time Type ◦ 30-60 minutes per session ◦ Anaerobic activities such as weight room Weights -Max lifting ◦ Squats ◦ Deadlift ◦ Bench Press Push-ups Pull-ups World’s Strongest Man ◦ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v =7mqSqwGJAMg Ability of the muscles to perform physical tasks over a period of time without becoming fatigued Frequency Intensity Time Type ◦ 2-4 times per week ◦ Light weights, numerous reps ◦ 30-60 minutes per session ◦ Any activity allowing muscles to perform a physical task for a period of time Weights Running/jogging Swimming Cycling Pilates/Yoga Push-up & Curl-up tests Triathlons and Decathlons Ironman Race ◦ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WEoSd RvJQ0Q The ability to bend and move the joints through a full range of motion. Benefits of good flexibility: ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ Improved Performance Decreased Injury Risk Reduced Muscle Soreness Improved Posture Reduced Risk of Low Back Pain Increased Blood and Nutrients to Tissues Improved Muscle Coordination Enhanced Enjoyment of Physical Activities Dynamic Stretching Static Stretching Pilates Yoga Gymnastics Gabby Douglass ◦ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v= bmWICdhvyJw&feature=relmfu Frequency ◦ Daily stretching Intensity ◦ Stretch muscles and hold beyond its normal length at a comfortable stretch Time ◦ Hold each stretch 10-15 seconds; stretch 15-30 minutes daily Type ◦ Stretching allowing full range of motion The percentage of body fat compared to the percentage of lean muscle tissue. Too little body fat: Too much body fat: ◦ Is linked to problems with normal, healthy functioning ◦ Can lead to problems with reproduction in women. ◦ Increases the risk of many diseases, including type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, stroke, heart disease, and certain cancers. Can be measured in different ways: ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ Underwater Weighing Waist to Hip Ratio Body Mass Index Skin Fold Testing Appropriate for most ages Appropriate for most fitness levels Some require little/no equipment Some can be low to no cost ◦ Examples: Swimming Running/Jogging Walking Cross County Skiing Golf Biking Martial Arts NUTRITION - is the science that studies how body makes use of food DIET - is everything you eat and drink NUTRIENTS - are the substances in food CALORIES – See the next slide A calorie is a unit of energy produced by food and used by the body There are 3500 calories in a pound ◦ Fat: 1 gram = 9 calories ◦ Protein: 1 gram = 4 calories ◦ Carbohydrates: 1 gram = 4 calories Substance that must be obtained from the diet because the body cannot make it in sufficient quantity to meet its need: ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ Carbohydrates Protein Fat Vitamins Minerals Water Your body's main source of energy. Most calories (55-60%) should come from carbohydrates. Carbohydrates can be grouped into two categories: Simple and Complex. ◦ Simple Carbohydrates = Sugars ◦ Complex Carbohydrates = Starch & Dietary fiber. Grain products ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ Breads Cereals Pasta Rice Fruits Vegetables Needed for growth; building and repair or body tissues The “building blocks” of the body Secondary energy source 2 Kinds of Proteins: Complete Proteins: Contains all of the essential amino acids Come from Animals Meat - fish, poultry Milk Yogurt Eggs Incomplete Proteins: Do NOT contain all the essential amino acids Come from Plants Grains Legumes-Dry Beans Nuts Seeds 2 Types: Saturated and Unsaturated Maintains skin and hair Cushions vital organs Provides insulation Production and absorption of certain vitamins and hormones. Animal-based foods ◦ Meats ◦ Milk products ◦ Oils Nuts ◦ Peanut butter Help to regulate chemical reactions in the body. Vitamins cannot be made in the body, we must obtain them through the diet. Vitamins are best consumed through a varied diet rather than as a supplement because there is little chance of taking too high a dose. Vitamins come from a variety of sources ◦ Eat a assorted & colorful diet! Minerals are components of foods that are involved in many body functions. Minerals are not a source of energy and are best obtained through a varied diet rather than supplements. Minerals come from a variety of foods Water helps to control our body temperature, carries nutrients and waste products from our cells, and is needed for our cells to function. Most of our body weight (60-70%) is made up of water. Drink at least 64 oz. per day How do you know if you are drinking enough water? ◦ Clear urine Serving Size – The amount of food, such as 1 cup of cereal, 2 cookies, or 12 pretzels. It tells you how many nutrients are in that amount of food. What is the serving size for this food? ◦ Answer - ½ Cup How many serving are in this container? ◦ Answer - 4 Servings How many calories are in 1 serving of this food? ◦ Answer – 90 Calories How many calories are in 3 serving of this food? ◦ Answer – 270 Calories Using the Percent Daily Value ◦ Low = 5% or less of the Daily Value ◦ Moderate = 6%-19% of the Daily Value ◦ High = 20% or more of the Daily Value Directions: Analyze the nutritional value of this food. ALL nutrients with a percent daily value should be listed in the chart! McDonald's Big Mac Featuring MyPlate and the 2010 Dietary Guidelines MyPlate is a tool designed to remind Americans to eat healthfully MyPlate illustrates the five food groups using a familiar mealtime visual, a place setting Balancing Calories ◦ Enjoy your food, but eat less. ◦ Avoid oversized portions. Foods to Increase ◦ Make half your plate fruits & vegetables. ◦ Make at least half your grains whole. ◦ Switch to low-fat (1%) or fat-free (skim) milk. Foods to Reduce ◦ Choose foods that have less sodium. ◦ Drink water instead of sugary drinks. Build a Healthy Plate by Choosing… • Nutrient-dense foods • A variety of fruits and vegetables in a rainbow of colors. • Fiber-rich whole grains. • Low-fat or fat free milk and dairy products. • Protein foods that are low in fat. • SOLID FATS – Saturated fat & trans fat heart disease – Replace with healthy unsaturated fat • ADDED SUGAR – Sugar adds calories weight gain – Choose water, 100% juice and fruit for dessert • SALT (SODIUM) – Raises blood pressure hypertension – Processed foods, fast food, frozen meals – Season with spices and herbs instead of salt A serving is a measured amount of food or drink, such as one slice of bread or one cup of milk. A portion is the amount of food that you choose to eat for a meal or snack. It can be big or small—you decide. Many foods that come as a single portion actually contain multiple servings. Portion Size Me Video (30 Minutes) http://10.178.3.241/SAFARI/montage/login/login.php? *There will be a 5 question quiz upon completion of the video* There is a lot of controversy in nutrition and it often seems like people can’t agree on anything. But most people agree on the following information… Sugar (sucrose and high fructose corn syrup) contains “empty” calories, and cause diseases that kill millions of people each year. There are no nutrients in sugar and if you eat a lot of sugar then you’re likely to become deficient because you aren’t getting enough foods that actually have nutrients in them. Sugar, mainly due to the high fructose content, is being implicated as a leading cause of obesity, cardiovascular disease and type II diabetes Bottom Line: Added sugar provides empty calories and is believed to be a leading cause of diseases that kill millions of people each year. Omega-3 fatty acids are extremely important for proper functioning of the human body. Being deficient in Omega-3 (very common) is associated with a lower IQ, depression, various mental disorders, heart disease and many other serious diseases It’s best to get Omega-3 fats from animal sources… including fish, grass-fed meat, Omega-3 enriched or pastured eggs, or fish oil. Bottom Line: A large part of the population is Omega-3 deficient. Avoiding a deficiency in these essential fatty acids can help prevent many diseases. We are all unique… and subtle differences in genetics, body type, culture and environment can affect which type of diet we should eat. Some do best on a low-carb diet while others may do fine on a vegetarian high-carb diet. Bottom Line: The best diet for YOU is the one you get results with and that you can stick to in the long term. Trans fats are known as partially hydrogenated oils. They raise the bad cholesterol and lower the good cholesterol, cause abdominal obesity, inflammation and insulin resistance. In the long term, consumption of trans fats raises the risk of obesity, diabetes, heart disease, Alzheimer’s, depression and many more diseases. Bottom Line: Trans Fats are chemically processed fats that cause all sorts of damage in the body. You should avoid them like the plague. They are rich in vitamins, minerals, fiber, antioxidants and an endless variety of trace nutrients. Eating vegetables is associated with improved health and a lower risk of disease. Bottom Line: Vegetables are rich in all sorts of nutrients. Eating vegetables each day is associated with improved health and a lower risk of disease. The skin makes Vitamin D when it is exposed to ultraviolet rays from the sun. If you’re Vitamin D deficient, then you’re actually deficient in a major hormone in the body, and a deficiency is associated with many serious diseases, including diabetes, cancer, osteoporosis and others. Unfortunately, it is extremely difficult to get enough Vitamin D from the diet. If getting more sun is not an option, taking a Vitamin D3 supplement Bottom Line: Vitamin D is a crucial hormone in the Body and many people are deficient in it. Reversing a deficiency can have powerful health benefits. Whole Grains are BEST! When you process the grains you remove most of the nutrients and then there’s nothing left but the bad stuff, massive amounts of easily digestible glucose. Eating refined carbs will cause rapid spikes in blood sugar, followed by a surge of insulin in the blood which triggers fat storage and contributes to insulin resistance and various diseases like obesity and diabetes. Bottom Line: Refined carbohydrates like processed grains are unhealthy. They are lacking in nutrients and lead to rapid spikes in blood sugar and insulin, which can cause all sorts of problems down the line. The vitamins and minerals, the ones you can also get from a cheap multivitamin, are just a small part of the total amount of nutrients in foods. Therefore, supplements… at least the supplements we have today, are NOT able to replace the nutrients you get from real foods. Some supplements can be beneficial, especially for nutrients that are generally lacking in the diet like Vitamin D and Magnesium. But no amount of supplements will ever make up for a bad diet. Bottom Line: It is much more important to eat real, nutritious foods than to count on supplements to provide the nutrients you need. “Diets” are ineffective. That is a fact. They may lead to short-term results, but as soon as you start eating junk food again you will gain the weight back. And then some. Most people that lose a lot of weight on a diet end up gaining it back whenever they “stop” the diet. For this reason, the only thing that can give you actual long-term results is to adopt a lifestyle change. Bottom Line: Adopting a healthy lifestyle is the only way to ensure long term weight loss and a lifetime of improved health. As the food system has become more industrialized, the health of the population has deteriorated. During food processing, many of the beneficial nutrients in the food are removed. Not only do they remove healthy nutrients like fiber, but they also add other very harmful ingredients like added sugar, trans fats and refined wheat. Additionally, processed foods are loaded with all sorts of artificial chemicals that have absolutely NOT been proven safe for long term human consumption. Basically, processed foods have less of the good stuff and a LOT more of the bad stuff. Bottom Line: The most important thing you can do to ensure optimal health is to “eat real food. ”If it looks like it was made in a factory, don’t eat it! Eating Disorder – a psychiatric illness with specific criteria Disordered Eating – refers to troublesome eating behaviors, such as restrictive dieting, bingeing or purging, which occur less frequently or are less severe than those required to meet the full criteria diagnosis for an eating disorder. Refusal to maintain weight that’s over the lowest weight considered normal for age and height Intense fear of gaining weight or becoming fat, even though underweight Distorted body image In women, three consecutive missed menstrual periods without pregnancy Recurrent episodes of binge eating (minimum average of 2 binge-eating episodes/week for at least 3 months) feeling of lack of control over eating during the binges regular use of one or more of the following to prevent weight gain: self-induced vomiting, use of laxatives or diuretics, strict dieting or fasting, or vigorous exercise persistent over-concern with body shape and weight Periods of uncontrolled, impulsive, or continuous eating beyond the point of feeling comfortable full. Feeling of self-hatred after a binge May struggle with anxiety, depression, and loneliness Body weight may vary from normal to mild, moderate, or severe obesity Low self-esteem Feeling of inadequacy Lack of control Depression Anxiety Anger Loneliness Family Problems Pressure from parents/family Bullying Images in the media Physical Abuse Emotional abuse Troubled Relationships Puberty Sleep is a state of deep relaxation in which the brain continues to process information, but there is little movement or consciousness. Annual Cycles - seasonal variations (hibernation, seasonal affective disorder) 24 hour cycle: Circadian Rhythm 24 hour biological clock Our body temperature and awareness changes throughout the day. Higher at morning, dips in afternoon, cools at night 90 minute cycle: sleep cycles. There are 4 or 5 identified stages of sleep. It takes about 90-100 minutes to pass through the 5 stages. The brain’s waves will change according to the stage The first four sages and know as NREM sleep. The fifth stage is called REM sleep. You will have the next 15-20 minutes to sleep You must close your eyes and try to get into a comfortable position (at your desk) Did you fall asleep? Did you dream? How do you feel now? ◦ Rested? ◦ More Tired? Do you think you get enough sleep each night? This is experienced as falling to sleep and is a transition stage between wake and sleep. It usually lasts between 1 and 5 minutes and occupies approximately 2-5 % of a normal night of sleep. brief periods of alpha waves, similar to those present while awake "Delta" sleep or "slow wave" sleep and may last 15-30 minutes. It is called "slow wave" sleep because brain activity slows down dramatically from the "theta" rhythm of Stage 2 Most deepest sleep happens here It is delta sleep that a sleep-deprived person's brain craves the first and foremost. REM: Rapid Eye Movement a very active stage of sleep. Composes 20-25 % of a normal nights sleep. Breathing, heart rate and brain wave activity quicken. Vivid Dreams can occur. Ecological Niche: In history, darkness meant death, those that slept did not go out in the dark thus did not die=Sleep protects us. Sleep helps us recuperate and restores the breakdown of our body. Insufficient Sleep leads to a host of problems: See Chart A sleep disorder is a medical disorder of the sleep patterns of a person. Some sleep disorders are serious enough to interfere with normal physical, mental and emotional functioning Recurring problems in falling or staying asleep. Not your once in a while (I have a big test tomorrow) having trouble getting to sleep episodes. Insomnia is not defined by the number of hours you sleep every night. Characterized by uncontrollable sleep attacks. ◦ Lapses directly into REM sleep (usually during times of stress or joy). Most people who have narcolepsy have low levels of Hypocretin-a chemical in the brain that helps control wakefulness. What causes these low levels isn't well understood. A sleep disorder characterized by temporary cessations of breathing and reawakening. Causes- High BMI (Body Mass Index) or Genetics A sleep disorder characterized by high arousal and an appearance of being terrified. Occur in Stage 4, not REM, and are not often remembered. Sleepwalking is a sleep disorder effecting an estimated 10 percent of all humans at least once in their lives. Sleep walking most often occurs during deep nonREM sleep (stage 3 or stage 4 sleep) early in the night. 1. Wish Fulfillment 2. Information Processing 3. Activation Synthesis