Pengendalian Bahan Kimia Berbahaya
By:
Mohd Shahriwan Idris
Seminar Towards Safe And Healthy Working Culture
Johor Skills Development Centre (PUSPATRI)
17 July 2009
Hotel Selesa, Pasir Gudang

•
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Bacteria/Virus
SARS/Aids/Bloodborne
Pathogen/Influenza
• Mechanical
• Electrical
• Ergonomic
• Noise
• Heat
• Pressure
• Height • Sexual harrestment
• Work pressure
• Family
• Drug/alcohol
• Hazardous chemicals/gaseous/dust
• Odor/Mist/Vapor

Legal requirement pertaining to hazardous chemicals to health in Malaysia:
Factories And Machinery Act 1967
Environmental Quality Act 1974
Petroleum (Safety Measures) Act 1984
Occupational Safety And Health Act 1994

Control Of Industrial Major
Accident Hazard Regulations
1996
Classification, Packaging
& Labeling Regulations
1997
Use & Standards Of
Exposure Of Chemicals
Hazardous To Health
Regulations 2000
Guidelines
Control of hazardous chemicals
Labeling of hazardous chemicals
Monitoring of airborne contaminants
CHRA
Classification of hazardous chemicals
Medical surveillance
MSDS formulation
Preparation chemical register
PPE against chemical hazards
HIRARC

 Listed in Schedule I of the Occupational Safety And
Health (Use And Standards Of Exposure Of Chemicals
Hazardous To Health) Regulations 2000;
 Possesses any of the properties categorized in part B of Schedule I of the Occupational Safety And Health
(Classification, Packaging And Labeling) Regulations
1997;
 Comes within the definition of “pesticides” under the
Pesticides Act 1974;
 Is listed in the First Schedule of the Environmental
Quality (Scheduled Wastes) Regulations 2005

1 st Principle
All hazards can be control in some manner and to some degree
2 nd Principle
There are usually many alternate methods of control
3 rd Principle
Some methods are better than others
4 th Principle
Some situations will require more than one control method to obtain optimum results

Have been used on Regulation 14 with respect to the reduction of exposure to the lowest practicable level. The practicability depends on four factors as follows:
 The severity of the hazards or risk in questions
 The state of knowledge about the hazard or risk and any way of removing or mitigating the hazard or risk
 The availability and suitability of ways to remove or mitigate the hazard or risk; and
 The cost of removing or mitigating the hazard or risk

Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL)
 Reg. 6 (I) Part III of USECHH 2000
 Employer to ensure exposure to person to any chemicals hazardous to health listed in Schedule I at no time exceed the ceiling limit.
 How to measure exposure limit is exceeded or not ?
 PEL – ceiling limit or an eight-hour time-weighted average airborne concentration or maximum exposure limit.
 Monitoring – PEL or MEL
 PEL do not represent safe level.
Keep the level of exposure as low as practicable.

Control Measures Under Reg. 15
1.
Elimination Of Hazard / Risk
Work activity/process involve use of a hazardous chemicals that is not essential, eliminate wherever practicable.
 Using a physical process rather than a chemical process to clean an object, eg. Ultrasonic cleaning;
 Using clips, clamps or bolts instead of an adhesive;
 Purchasing supplies of materials in already cut and sized form rather than carrying out dust producing cutting process on site.

Control Measures Under Reg. 15
2.
Substitution
Substitute of materials
Replacing a chlorinated degreasing solvent with detergent;
Using a water based paint in place of an organic solvent based paint;
Using a chemical in paste or pallet form rather than a dusty powder;
Using a lead free solder paste rather than a lead based solder.
Substitute of process or equipment
Brush application of paint rather than aerosol application;
Dipping in a paint bath rather than spray painting.

Control Measures Under Reg. 15
3.
Isolation
Removing the source of hazard exposure from workers by:
 Placing the source in another location
 Enclosing or shielding the source with physical barrier
 Automating the process in a closed system or separation by distance or the use of barrier to prevent exposure;
 Removal and storage of materials in a separate location.
Examples of application:
 Tank farms separated from the process area
 Automated process are used in chemical processing and petroleum refining
 Heat barriers and soundproof enclosures
 Removal of worker to a control room that is separate from the processing plant/area.

Control Measures Under Reg. 15
4.
Engineering Control
Plant, process or equipment that minimize the generation of hazardous substances, suppress or contain hazardous substances or limit the area of contamination in the event of spill or leak.
 Ventilated booth for spray painting
 Robot welding
 LEV attached to grinding machines
 Automation of the removal of objects from degreasing baths
 Closed reaction vessels

Design
- Approved by P.E.
- Built according to design specifications
- Tested by P.E.
Capture Velocity
The velocity that that is necessary to control the contaminant at the farthest distance from the hood.
Determined by:
- Velocity & direction
- Quantity of contaminants
- Secondary air current
- Toxicity
- Size of exhaust hood
- Escape point LEV
Concept – remove contaminants at source
Test, Inspect, Examination & Maintenance
- By Hygiene Tech.
- Defined intervals not more than 12 months
Record Keeping
- Kept by employer
- Inspected at appropriate intervals by employer which shall not be longer than one month

Control Measures Under Reg. 15
5.
Safe Work System And Practices
 Is a formal work procedures in order to identify all hazards, eliminate it and minimized risks.
 It integrates men, machineries and materials.
 Documented hazard precautions – use in OJT.
 General duties of employer under Section 15 of
OSHA 1994.

Control Measures Under Reg. 15
Component of safe system of work – People, Machinery, Plant, Equipment,
Materials, Environment & Place Of Work
Monitor the system
- Periodic check
- System OK
- Carried effectively
- Changes require alteration
Assess the risk
- What is used?
- Who does what?
- Where the task carried out?
- How the task is done?
Steps To Safe
System Of Work
Identify the hazards
- JSA / HIRARC -
Inspection/audit
- Procedures
- Reports
- Records
- Feedback
Implement the system
Define safe methods
- Consider preparation & authorization at the start of the job
- Ensure clear planning of job sequence
- Specify safe work method -
Include mean of access & escape if relevant -
Consider the task of dismantling, disposal at the end of the job

HIGH RISK
PTW
Define the work
How to make it safe
- Confined space
- Hot work
Identify hazard
Precaution taken
Describes checking method
- Working at height
Identify Responsibilities
- Electrical work
LOTO
Locking off means machines is put to a safe condition by a person (s) about to make adjustment or perform certain maintenance function
Safe Operating Procedures
Written system detailing step by step instruction on how to perform a task safely
Rules & Procedures
Verbal LOW RISK

Control Measures Under Reg. 15
6.
Personal Protective Equipment
 Most of employers choice.
 Very simple – settle most of the hazard/risk.
 Cheap
 Did not eliminate hazard/risk.
 Use with other control measures.

What is Carcinogen?
Chemical substances which have been identified as suspected or established carcinogens or substances associated with industrial processes which have been identified under Schedule II, Regulation 27(2) and classified as carcinogens in CLP Regulations 1997.
How To Control Exposure To Carcinogen?
 Total enclosure
 Minimize & control spills, leaks, dust, fumes & vapors at plant or process
 Limit quantities at place of work
 Minimized person exposure
 Prohibit eating, drinking and smoking at carcinogenic area
 Hygiene measures – washing facilities & regular cleaning of walls
 Warning signs on carcinogenic areas
 Safe storage, handling & disposal – closed and clearly labeled containers

General
- Use valid & suitable techniques.
- Quantitative estimation of exposure.
- Results compared to exposure standard.
- Approved method of analysis.
- Determine the effectiveness of control measure.
Procedure
- When & how monitoring to be done.
- Sampling procedure & analytical method.
- Frequency.
- How results to be interpreted.
Monitoring
Legal Requirement
- CHRA by an approved Assessor.
- Monitoring exposure done by a
Hygiene Technician.
- Monitoring chemicals under Schedule
II – interval not more than 6 month.
- Maintain record of monitoring for at least 30 years.
Record
- Kept in any form.
- Readily retrievable & understood.
- Can be compared with any health records required under the health surveillance requirements.

Health Surveillance
Any examination and investigations to detect exposure levels and early biological effects and responses, and includes biological monitoring, biological effect monitoring, medical surveillance, enquires about symptoms of occupational poisoning or occupational disease and review of records and occupational history.
Component Of Medical
Surveillance
- Periodic medical examination
- Biological monitoring and biological effect monitoring
- Health effects monitoring
- Investigation of occupational disease and poisoning including workplace inspections
- Notification of occupational disease and poisoning
- Assist in disability assessment
- Return to work examination after medical removal protection.
- Record keeping and monitoring
Medical Surveillance
Monitoring of a person for the purpose of identifying changes in health status due to occupational exposure to chemicals hazardous to health.

 Nature & degree of risk to health – substance involved & factors that may increase the risk
 Control measures adopted – reason, how to use properly
 Reason for PPE & clothing – what job necessary
 Monitoring procedures – arrangement for access to results and notification if a maximum exposure limits exceeded
 Health surveillance – duty to attend, arrangement for access to individual health records and the collective results of health surveillance.
 Records – documented
 Review – at least once in 2 years, changes in hazard / chemicals & assigned a new task/area.

Labeling
 Easy identification by product name during handling.
 According to CPL Regulations 1997 & Guidelines on the Labeling Of
Hazardous Chemical 1998
Re-labeling
 When the labels are removed, defaced, modified or altered while the chemical hazardous to health is being used.
 Chemical is transferred to another container other than the original container.
 Re-labeling requirement depend on whether the substance is consumed immediately or over a longer period of time .
 If used within a normal shift – label with the chemical name of trade name as per the original label. The container need not to be re-labeled if the chemical is used immediately.
 Container containing pesticides & scheduled wastes
– shall be re-labeled in accordance with the requirements of each relevant legal requirement.

Access To CSDS –
Keep At Place For
Easy Access
Safe Handling Of
Hazardous Chemicals
Copies Readily
Available For
Reference/Training
Hard Copy Or Soft
Copy
Latest Revision

• Posted at every entrance
• Other relevant information are given – likely to be at risk
• Illuminated & cleaned – readily visible
Features Of Warning Signs:
- Give warning of the hazard
- Both language
- Attract attention
Standard Specifications:
- MS 980
- MS 981
- MS 982
- MS 983

How Can Chemical Hazardous To Health Enters A
Human Body?

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