Bell Ringer
 What is Imperialism?
Use Chapter 21 Section 1!
#1
Not In Textbook
Imperialism
Old Imperialism vs. New Imperialism
Old Imperialism
New Imperialism
 Occurred between 16th
 EXTENSTION OF A
and 18th centuries
 European powers built a
series of trading stations
 Cooperated with local
rulers in Africa, India,
China, Japan, and Indonesia
 Traded for goods and slaves
NATION’S POWER
OVER OTHER LANDS
 Now European Countries
wanted DIRECT control
over their territories
Motivations for Imperialism
 Economics
 Control trading markets and raw materials
 Rubber, oil, and tin
Motivations for Imperialism
 Create Colonies
 Dominate Rivals
 Gain trading advantage
 National prestige
Motivations for Imperialism
 Social Darwinism
 In the struggle between nations, the fit (most powerful( are
victorious
 Europeans were believe to be superior to other races
 Racist ideologies
Motivations for Imperialism
 Moral Responsibility
 “Civilize” the primitive people
 White Man’s Burden
The White Man’s Burden
 Poem by Rudyard Kipling
 Written to urge the U.S. to help the British with the
“burden” of colonization
 The ruling of other nations for their benefit
The Brown Man’s Burden
 Poem by H.T. Johnson
 Written in response to Kipling’s poem
 Compared the treatment of the people in the Philippines to
that of African Americans.
Creating Your Own Burden
You will create your own Student Burden, from evil imperialist
teachers.
Poems must have at least 8 lines.
2. Have describing adjectives of the student burden from your
teacher like seen in question 2 on your worksheet about the
white man’s burden.
3. Incorporate your knowledge of imperialism.
1.
Do not mention any specific teachers’ names!!!
Bell Ringer
 What is a protectorate?
Use Chapter 21 Section 1!
#2
Chapter 21 Section 1
Colonial Rule in Southeast Asia
Great Britain in Southeast Asia
 1819- Singapore
 Malay Peninsula
 Trade route
 Mid-1800s- Burma
 Modern Myanmar
 Protect possessions in India
and land route to China
France in Southeast Asia
 1857- Vietnam
 Protectorate- a political
unit that depends on
another government for its
protection
 Prevent British takeover of
Vietnam
 1880s- Cambodia,
Annam, Tonkin, and
Laos
 Union of French Indochina
United States in Southeast Asia
 1898- Philippines
 Gained after the Spanish
American War
 Trade with China
 Prevent Japanese
expansion
 “Civilize” Filipinos
Indirect and Direct Rule
 Indirect Rule- Colonial
government in which local
rulers are allowed to
maintain their positions of
authority and status
 Gain access to natural
resources
 Lower cost in government
 Less effect on local culture
Indirect and Direct Rule
 Direct Rule- Colonial
government in which local
elites are removed from
power and replaced by a
new set of officials brought
from the mother country
 Prevented rebellion
 Great Britain  Burma
 France  Northern
Indochina
Colonial Economies
 Modern Economic System
 Export Raw Materials
 Teak wood, Rubber, Tin, Spices, Tea, Coffee,
Palm oil, and Sugar
 Natives were wage laborers on
plantations
 Near poverty levels  Increased profit
 Unhealthy living conditions  1,000s died
 High taxes
 Built infrastructure
 Roads, highways, bridges, etc
Bell Ringer
 Identify annexed.
Use Chapter 21 Section 2!
#3
Chapter 21 Section 2
Empire Building in Africa
West Africa
 1808 Slave trade declared illegal (not
slavery)
 Before 1880 No European Control
 After 1880 Great Britain, France, Germany,
Belgium, Italy, Spain, and Portugal
 Late 1800s New trades
 Europe= Manufactured Goods
 Africa= Natural Resources
 1874 G.B. annexed (took control of)
the west coast
 Gold Coast
North Africa
 1805 Muhammad Ali took control of Egypt
from the Ottoman Empire
 1854-69 Suez Canal was designed by a
Frenchman
 “Life line to India”- trade
 1875-
 British took over the Suez Canal, Egypt,
and Sudan
 1879 French controlled Algeria, Tunisia, and
Morocco
 1896 Italy tried to take over Ethiopia (lost)
 1911 Italy invaded Turckish Tripoli (Libya)
Central Africa
 Tropical Jungles
 1841 David Livingstone (explorer)




disappeared
Lake Tanganyika
Henry Stanley (journalist) found
him
Wanted G.B. to send settlers to
Congo (No)
Asked Belgium (King Leopold II)
 1876 Settlers came from Belgium
 Eventually seized the Congo and all
the surrounding area
East Africa
 1885 Great Britain and Germany
 Berlin Conference- staked out
claims for European countries
 G.B. and Germany got most of
East Africa
 Portugal- Mozambique
 No AFRICAN delegates were
present
South Africa
 1865 200,000 white people
 Dutch settlers (Holland)
 Present in Cape Town since 17th c.
 Called Boers
 British pushed them north
 Transvaal and Orange Free State
 Indigenous (native) people
were put on reservations
 Zulu (African tribe) waged
constant war with Europeans
 1880sSouth Africa
 British policy supported diamond and gold
industry
 Rhodesia- new name of Transvaal
 1889-1902 Boer War
 British and Boers (former Holland settlers)
 Guerrilla warfare (Boers)
 British burned crops
 Detention Camps
 120,000 Boer women and children
 20,000 deaths- lack of food
 British won
 1910 Union of South Africa
 Cape Colony and Boer territory
Colonial Rule in Africa
 1914 GB, France, Germany,
Belgium, Italy, Spain, and
Portugal divided up Africa
 Liberia and Ethiopia
 Only independent African
nations
 GB used indirect rule
 Led to tribal tensions
 Others used direct rule
 Assimilate African subjects
into European culture
Bell Ringer
 What was the purpose of the Suez Canal?
Use Chapter 21 Section 2!
#4
Bell Ringer
#5
 Which European nation had a monopoly on the colonization
of India?
Use Chapter 21 Section 3!
Chapter 21 Section 3
British Rule in India
Colonial Rule in India
 British government used
direct rule in India
 Viceroy- a governor who
ruled as a representative of
a monarch
 Staff of 3,500 ruled over
300 million people
Benefits for India
 Brought order and stability
 India had previously been divided by
civil war
 Honest and efficient government
 New school system
 Train Indian children to serve in the
government and army
 Elite, upper-class citizens
 90% of population was illiterate
 Improved infrastructure
 Railroads, telegraph, postal service
Negative Impact for India
 British entrepreneurs and a few
Indian businessmen gained wealth
 British manufacturing destroyed
local industries
 Textile
 Corrupt tax collectors
 Peasants lost most of their land
 More cotton/indigo production
than food
 Shortage of food
 1800-1900 30 mil. died from
starvation
Negative Impact for India
 Indians were seen as inferior
to Britons
 Best housing was reserved for
British citizens
 British disrespected India’s
cultural heritage
 Taj Mahal (sacred tomb)
became a venue for weddings
and parties
 Pieces were chipped off as
souvenirs
 Led to an Indian nationalism
movement
Indian Nationalist Movement
 Upper-class, well educated,
and from urban areas
 Mumbai (Bombay)
 Slow pace of reform led to
revolution
 Indian National
Congress- 1885, called
for Indians to participate in
the government
 Split due to differences
between the Hindu and
Muslim members
Indian Nationalist Movement
 Gandhi- Indian Hindu
 Educated in London
 Lawyer
 1893- Helped Indians living in
South Africa
 1915- Returned to India and
called for independence from GB
 Non-violent resistance
 Improve the life of the poor
 Led to Indian independence
Bell Ringer
 What was the purpose of the Monroe Doctrine?
Use Chapter 21 Section 4!
#6
Chapter 21 Section 4
& Not In Textbook
Nation Building in Latin America &
United States Expansion and Imperialism
Continental United States
 By 1853, the US
controlled all of the
modern continental part
of the nation
 1867- Alaska
 1898- Hawaii
 Soon aimed to control
other territories
Motives for Expansion and Imperialism
Manifest DestinyGod’s will for US to
expand from sea to sea
1. Desire for military
strength
2. Thirst for new markets
3. Belief in cultural
superiority

1. Desire for Military Strength
 Land = Money = Power
 Build up the US Navy
 Steel-hulled cruisers
 Industrial Revolution
fueled growth in military
2. Thirst for New Markets
 Industrial Revolution
fueled US production
 Made too many goods 
Americans couldn’t buy it
all (overproduction)
 Needed more raw
materials
 Lumber, tin, coal, gold
 Created jobs
 Trade, mining, etc
3. Belief in Cultural Superiority
 Social Darwinism
 Spread Christianity
 Took land from Native
Americans
 Not considered US citizens
 “White Man’s Burden”
Monroe Doctrine
 1823
 President James Monroe
 Monroe Doctrine-
guaranteed the
independence of Latin
American nations and
warned against European
intervention in the
Americas
 Protected US interests in
Latin America
Mexico
 Texas Revolution
 Americans in Texas (Mexico)
revolt against Mexican
government
 US gained Texas, New Mexico,
and parts of Oklahoma,
Colorado, and Utah
 Mexican American War
 Fought over Texas’ southern
border
 US gained Arizona, California,
Nevada, and parts of Utah,
Wyoming, and Colorado
Spain
 Spanish America War
 US fought Spain in the
Caribbean and the Pacific
 Human Rights violations
 US gained Puerto Rico,
Cuba, the Philippines, and
Guam
Panama
 US aided Panama in a
revolt against Colombian
control
 Panama gains
independence and lets US
build a canal
 Panama Canal
 Shortcut from Atlantic to
Pacific
 NYC to San Francisco
 12,600 miles to 4,900 miles
Present Day Territories
 District of Columbia
 Guam
 Northern Marianas Islands
 Puerto Rico
 US Virgin Islands